• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2014

The molecular features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated in Korea were compared with strains isolated in Japan and Italy. Sequencing of eight P. syringae pv. actinidiae and three P. syringae pv. theae strains revealed a total of 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 4,818 bp of the concatenated alignment of nine genes. A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the specific detection of recent haplotype strains other than strains isolated since the 1980s in Korea. The primer pair, designated as TacF and TacR, specifically amplified a 545-bp fragment with the genomic DNA of new haplotype of P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains. A multiplex PCR conducted with the TacF/TacR primer pair and the universal primer pair for all P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains can be simultaneously applied for the detection of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the differentiation of new haplotype strains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

2-methylisoborneol (MIB) is a musty odor compound produced as a secondary metabolite by some cyanobacteria and actinomycetes. It is lead to distrust in tap water due to taste and odor. It is well known that activated carbon (AC) adsorption is the best available technology to remove 2-MIB and geosmin. In this study, physical characteristics of virgin AC and reactivated AC was compared. The effect of variation of NOM molecular weight on adsorption of 2-MIB in virgin AC and reactivated AC were also evaluated. BET surface area was decreased by 13 to 23% and total pore volume was decreased by 18 to 21% due to first and second reactivation compare to the virgin carbon. However, mesopore volume ($V_{meso}$) was increased about 14% after reactivation. It showed that micropore volume was decreased and move to mesopore or macropore after reactivation. Decreased adsorption capacity of 2-MIB was greatly related to below 3000Da. Adsorption capacity of 2-MIB was rather greater in virgin AC than in reactivated, which is strongly related to micropore volume.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.32.2-32.2
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• 2017

Stars form in dense core within the molecular clouds. The prestellar cores provide information of the physical characteristics at the very early stages of star formation. The low dust temperature (<14K) of Planck cold clumps/cores (PGCCs) make them likely to be prestellar objects or at the very initial stage of protostellar collapse. We have been conducting the legacy surveys of Planck cold clumps with the JCMT, the TRAO 14-m and many other telescopes. We aim to study of the initial conditions of star formation and chemical evolutions of the cores in the different environments. From JCMT SCUBA-2 $850{\mu}m$ survey (SCOPE), we have already identified hundreds of dense cores, which may be at the earliest phase of star formation. Therefore in order to explore the chemical evolution of these dense cores, we used KVN telescopes in order to observe 75 well selected SCUBA-2 cores in many molecules as the follow-up project of KVN Pilot Observation of SCUBA-2. These observations will help advance our understanding of the propoerties of these SCUBA-2 cores in PGCCs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.38-48
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• 2000

This paper presents the photonic bandgap structure that has a defect mode within a broad stopband. In order to create a broad stopband, we eliminated one of periodic stopbands of PBG structure by using a quarter-wavelength transformer and cascaded another PBG structure having a center frequency corresponding to the eliminated stopband. We have demonstrated that it is a simple and effective method that can solve an overlapping problem of periodic stopband in two cascaded PBG structures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2883-2888
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a serious lifestyle disease. There are several prognostic biomarkers like nuclear receptors whose over-expression is associated with BC characteristics. These biomarkers can be blocked by compounds with anti-cancer potential but selection must be made on the basis of no adverse side effects. This study is focused on finding of compounds from a plant source garlic. Materials and Methods: Twenty compounds from garlic and five targets considered involved in BC were retrieved from Pubchem database and Protein Data Bank respectively. They were docked using Accelrys Discovery Studio (DS) 4.0. The compounds which showed interaction were checked for drug likeliness. Results: Docking studies and ADMET evaluation revealed twelve compounds to be active against the targets. All the compounds displayed highly negative dock scores which indicated good interactions. Conclusions: The results of this study should help researchers and scientists in the pharmaceutical field to identify drugs based on garlic.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.496-501
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• 2001

Lincomycin, an inhibitor of plastid protein synthesis, was found to block the synthesis of apoprotein P700 with a molecular mass of 72 kDa and the assembly of the Chl a-protein of PS I. Synthesis of the polypeptides of 48, 43.5, and 32 kDa of the PS II complex is also suppressed. This process is accompanied by the disappearance of the PS Two reaction center Chl a at 683 nm, and of the PS One reaction center Chl a at 690, 696, and 705 nm on the fourth derivative of the absorption spectra at 77K. Lincomycin does not affect the synthesis of LHC subunits. It increases the content of the two main Chl forms of LHC at 648 nm (Chl b) and 676 nm (Chl a). The low-temperature fluorescence ratio F736/F685 is also increased. However, the effect of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis) leads to the reduction of polypeptides of the light-harvesting Chl a/b-protein complex in the range of 29.5-22 kDa. Under these conditions, the relative amount of Chl b and the F736/ F685 fluorescence ratio decrease significantly. This is obviously the result of blocking the LHC I and LHC II synthesis. At the same time rifampicin and actinomycin D (inhibitors which block transcription in chloroplast and nuclear genome, respectively) inessentially affect the characteristics of these complexes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2001

The Glycoprotein D (gD) gene of the HSV-1 strain F was cloned, sequenced, recombinated into the HcNPV (Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus) expression vector and expressed in insect cells. The gD gene was located in the 6.43 kb BamHI fragment of the strainF. The open reading frame (ORF) of the gD gene was 1,185 by and codes 394 amino acid residues. Recombinant baculoviruses, GD-HcNPVs, expressing the gD protein were constructed. Spodoptera frugiperda cells, infected with the recombinant virus, synthesized a matured gX-gD fusion protein with an approximate molecular weight of 54 kDa and secreted the gD proteins into the culture media by an immunoprecipitation assay The fusion gD protein was localized on the membrane of the insect cells, seen by using an immunofluorescence assay The deduced amino acid sequence presents additional characteristics compatible with the structure of a viral glycoprotein: signal peptide, putative glycosylation sites and a long C-terminal transmembrane sequence. These results indicate the utility of the HcNPV-insect cell system for producing and characterizing eukaryotic proteins.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1998

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, catalyzes the elimination reaction of ammonium ion from L-phenylalanine. PAL was purified from the cytosolic fraction of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. napus var. pekinensis) through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 chromatography, and Q-Sepharose chromatography. It consists of four identical subunits, the molecular mass of which was estimated to be about 38,000 daltons on SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme are 8~9 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. Its activity is greatly inhibited by $Zn^{2+}$ ion, and strongly activated by caffeic acid. The purified PAL has some different characteristics compared to those obtained with other PALs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.820-825
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• 1999

A bacterial strain WN9, which produced a new type of extracellular polysaccharide, was isolated from soil samples. By morphological, physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic studies, strain WN9 was identified as a Paenibacillus sp. and it was named as Paenibacillus sp. WN9, which produced a high molecular extracellular polysaccharide from glucose. The molecular weight of the exopolysaccharide (EPS-WN9) was estimated to be about 31.5 mega-Da. The FT-IR spectrum of EPS-WN9 revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. EPS- WN9 consisted of D-glucose and D-mannose with a molar ratio of 1:1.4 being identified as a neutral sugar component. The acidic component of EPS- WN9 was tyrosine. Rheological analysis of EPS- WN9 revealed that the pseudoplastic property and its apparent viscosity remained stable at various temperatures and pHs.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.230-238
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• 2010

Background: The MK1 strain, a novel bacterial isolate from soft-rotten tissue of the Neungee mushroom, produces copious amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a dextrose minimal medium. This study examined the molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of MK1 EPS. Methods: The EPS in the culture supernatant was purified by cold ethanol precipitation, and characterized by SDS- PAGE/silver staining and Bio-HPLC. The immunomodulatory activities of the EPS were examined using the mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Results: The molecular weights of the purified EPS were rather heterogeneous, ranging from 10.6 to 55 kDa. The EPS was composed of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00 : 0.8 : 0.71 : 0.29 : 0.21. EPS activated the RAW cells to produce cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, and nitric oxide (NO). EPS also induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-1, and increased the phagocytic activity. The macrophage-activating activity of EPS was not due to endotoxin contamination because the treatment of EPS with polymyin B did not reduce the macrophage-activating activity. Conclusion: The EPS produced from the MK1 strain exerts macrophage-activating activity.