• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

07년 1월부터 11월까지 하수처리장별로 각각의 세균에 대한 계절별 분포도를 조시하였다. 조사에 사용된 미생물은 호기성 및 통성혐기성 종속영양세균으로 대표되는 총 세균과 지표생물군인 대장균, 대장균군, 장내세균군 및 포도상규군과 효모/곰팡이로 구성하였다. 총 세균 및 대장균 대장균군, 장내세균군 등의 지표생물군의 경우엔 대체로 온도가 높은 하절기에 균체수가 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타난 반면, 식중독의 원인균인 황색포도상구균의 경우, 대부분의 하수처리장에서 오히려 11월과 1월에 균체수가 증가하는 등, 계절과 관계없이 출현하는 양상을 나타냈다. 한편, 방류수의 소독처리방법과 균체생성은 큰 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 작은규모의 마을하수의 경우 도시하수와 비교하여 균체수가 감소하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.243-256
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• 1970

Nowadays, the damages caused by molds in cotton textile goods becomes influential. In our country, however, the relations between cotton goods and molds are not investigated and studied in detail. Two hundred and fifty seven kind of mold's samples were collected in ninety places through the whole country. The molds samples are mainly gathered according to each regions and seasons from molded cotton textiles. Out of this samples, we isolated six hundred and seventy two strains of molds and the results of isolation are following. 1. The distributed molds were Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., etc. among them Aspergillus sp. were most widely distributed, and next were Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp. etc. 2. The distribution of Aspergillus sp. abounded peculiarly in the dry season, while Rhizopus sp. in the rainy season. 3. The C.M.C, descomposing enzymes forming activity on molds were greatly concerned with intensity damage of cotton textile goods. 4. The formation of C.M.C. decomposing enzyme was only influenced by physiology of each strains. 5. Regarding to the growth. a. The molds which were saprophyting on the cotton textile goods were indicated vigorous growing. b. Among isolated six hundred and seventy two strains, there were above a hundred strains which produced pigment and nearly half of them fifty nine strains were Aspergillus sp. 6. Twenty one strains in isolated six hundred and seventy two strains were indentified which can heavily damage upon cotton textile. As a results of indentification of the selected strains, the following species was abtained, Aspergillus sydowi, wentii, niger, luchuensis, flavus, fumigatus, nidulans, Penicillium frequentants, roqueforti, chrysogenum, albicans, Rhizopus oligosporus, delemar, Mucor rouxii, mucedo, Neurospora sitophila, Monilia variabilis, fructigena, Cladsporium hurbarum and Aspergillus spp. Mucor spp.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2018

This study takes strawberry-fruits as the test material and discusses the effect of Burkholderia contaminans B-1 on preventing postharvest diseases and inducing resistance-related substances in strawberry-fruits. Soaking and wound inoculating is performed to analyze the inhibitory effects of different treatment solutions on the gray mold of postharvest strawberry-fruits. The count of antagonistic bacteria colonies in the wound is found, and the dynamic growth of antagonistic bacteria and the pathogenic fungus is observed by electron microscopy. The results indicated that, either by soaking/wound-inoculating, the fermentation and suspension of antagonistic bacteria significantly reduced the incidence of postharvest diseases of strawberry-fruits. With wound inoculation, the inhibition rate of antagonist fermentation and suspension ($1{\times}10^{10}cfu/ml$) respectively reached 77.4% and 66.7%. It also led to a significant increase in the activity of resistance-related enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and chalcone isomerase (CHI). On 1 d and 2 d post-treatment, the activity of 4CL was respectively 3.78 and 6.1 times of the control, and on 5 d, the activity of PAL was increased by 4.47 times the control. The treatment of antagonistic bacteria delayed the peaking of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity and promoted the accumulation of lignin and total phenols. The antagonistic bacteria could be well colonized in the wounds. On 4-5 d post-inoculation, the count of colonies was $10^8$ times of that upon inoculation. Electronmicroscopy indicated that the antagonistic bacteria delayed the germination of pathogenic spores in the wounds, and inhibited further elongations of the mycelia.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of sourdough bread with addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the antibacterial activity. The starter cultures were used for sourdough bread to increase bread shelf-life: Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei KB28, and Pediococcus pentosaceus MJK7. The results showed that the viable counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased in 8.1~9.2 log $cfu/m{\ell}$, respectively. The pH of the three sourdoughs was lower than that of control. In the texture characteristics, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were tended to increase on the sourdough bread. Among the three sourdough breads, bread volume and retrogradation of bread were not significantly different. According to the results from preservation period, the sourdough breads with addition of Lb. paracasei KB28, Ped. pentosaceus MJK7 were showed the appearance of mold and bacteria growth in 5~6 days, whereas the control were showed in 3 days. As a result, a sensory evaluation indicated the highest overall acceptance in order of Lb. fermentum, Lb. paracasei KB28, Ped. pentosaceus MJK7. Based on these results, Lb. paracasei KB28 can be applicable to improve the quality of sourdough bread.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2015

This study investigates the effects of a China root (Smilax china L.) extract on the chemical and microbiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of the sausage stew sauce and the soft-tofu stew sauce over a 5-week storage period. Commercial sauces were obtained from the market, and samples were prepared using four different concentrations of the China root extract (0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Over the 5-week storage period, pH and salinity showed slight changes in both the sausage and soft-tofu stew sauces, but there was no significant difference (p<0.05) regardless of the extract amount and temperature. At 5 weeks, there were significant decreases in the total microbial count in groups with the China root extract (p<0.05) for both the sausage and soft-tofu stew sauces at $5^{\circ}C$. Over the whole storage period, no coliform, yeast, and mold were detected in any sample. S. aureus counts were not detected in 1.0% and 1.5% China root groups at $5^{\circ}C$, but 1.00-1.60 log CFU/g was found in the control and 0.5% groups. DPPH radical scavenging activity at 5 weeks showed an increase with an increase in the amount of the China root extract in both sauces. These results indicate that the China root extract inhibited microbial growth during storage as well as scavenging activity and thus that it can be considered to prolong the shelf life of commercial sauces.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

기주, 분리 연도 및 장소가 다른 Botryis cinerea 20개 균주를 이용하여 오이세포벽을 탄소원으로 첨가한 배지에서 배양한 뒤 병원성과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려진 polygalacturomase, Iaccase, $\beta$-glucosidase의 활성을 측정하고 병원성과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 조사된 효소들의 활성과 병원성과의 상관관계는 상관계수가 모두 0.5 이하로 직접적인 연관성을 인정할 수 없었다. 그러나 Bovendamm 배지에서의 균사생장 정도의 병원성은 r=0.522(p=0.05)로 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 병원성이 강한 3균주와 약한 3균주를 선발하여 각 기주의 세포벽을 첨가하여 배양 후 poly-galacturonase 활성정도를 비교하였으나 뚜렷한 경향을 찾을 수 없었다. Exo-PG 항체를 이용한 면역혈청 blotting 결과 병원성이 다른 거의 모든 균주가 66kDa 크기의 1 band를 보이는 유사한 효소 pattern을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 측정된 이들 효소는 병원성과 관련된 일차적 요인이 아닐 것으로 생각한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.54-56
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• 2000

A black scab disease occurred on sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) in plastic film houses around Chinju area during the spring season of 1999. The disease started from flower bud, then moved to flower stalk, pod, petiole, cirrus, stem and leaves. The lesions started with small dark brown spots then were gradually expanded. Severely infected plants reached 37.4% of whole plant covered with scab. Numerous conidia were produced on the diseased flower disk, pod, floral axis, stem and leaves. Most of the conidia were appeared to be readily dispersed in the air, but the mycelia were not suggested causing of sooty mold by ectoparasitism. A fungus was isolated from the diseased stem, and inoculated to healthy plants to satisfy the Koch's postulates and proved the fungus was the causal agent of the disease. The isolated fungus grew on potato dextrose agar, forming greenish black to pale brown colonies. Conidia were ellipsoidal, fusiform or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septated. The conidia were $3.9{\sim}34.1{\times}2.7{\sim}5.1\;{\mu}m$ in size and formed in long branched chains on the erected conidiophores which were pale olivaceous brown and variable in length between $7.2{\sim}210.7\;{\mu}m$ in size. Ramoconidia were $7.6{\sim}29.2{\times}3.2{\sim}14.4\;{\mu}m$ in size. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium cucumerinum based on the above morphological characteristics. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and conidial formation was about 15 to $25^{\circ}C$. Cladosporium scab of sword bean caused by the fungi has not been reported in Korea previously.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2013

A total of 62 bacterial isolates were obtained from Gomsohang mud flat, Mohang mud flat, and Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Among them, the isolate CNU114001 showed significant antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi by dual culture method. The isolate CNU114001 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by morphological observation and molecular data analysis, including 16SrDNA and gyraseA (gyrA) gene sequences. Antifungal substances of the isolate were extracted and purified by silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The heat and UV ray stable compound was identified as iturin, a lipopeptide (LP). The isolate CNU114001 showed broad spectrum activity against 12 phytopathogenic fungi by dual culture method. The semi purified compound significantly inhibits the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi (Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinera, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Penicillium digitatum, Pyricularia grisea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) at 200 ppm concentration. Spore germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea was inhibited by culture filtrate of the isolate. Crude antifungal substance showed antagonistic activity against cucumber scleotiorum rot in laboratory, and showed antagonistic activity against tomato gray mold, cucumber, and pumpkin powdery mildew in greenhouse condition.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1038-1044
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• 1997

Gram 음성 및 Gram 양성균, 효모와 곰팡이의 총9종의 균주에 대해 탄소수 8-12의 저급지방간 모노글리세라이드와 아디핀산의 항균력을 조사하였다. Gram 음성균에 대해서 저급지방산 모노글리는 단독으로 거의 항균효과를 나타내지 않았으나 AP와 혼합첨가시 적은 농도에서 강한 항균효과를 나타내었으며 동일한 농도의 AP에 대해서 MG C8이 MG C10보다 높은 항균력을 나타내었다. Gram 양성균은 저급지방산 모노글리세라이드 단독으로도 항균효과가 있었으나 높은 농도가 첨가되어야 하며 AP를 혼합첨가하면 Gram 음성균과 마찬가지로 적은 농도에서도 강한 항균작용을 나타내었으나 유산균에 대해서는 항균효과가 적었다. 또한 효모 및 곰팡이는 AP보다는 모노글리세라이드가 강한 항균작용을 나타내었다. Gram 양성균과 효모 및 곰팡이는 Gram 음성균과는 달리 모노글리세라이드중 MG C10이 MG C8보다 강한 항균작용을 나타내었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

전통적으로 제조업은 원가 절감, 새로운 제품에 대한 연구 및 제조기술 개발 등을 통해 경쟁력을 확보해왔다. 그러나 IT 기술의 눈부신 발전과 기술과 기술, 산업과 산업의 융·복합에 따른 새로운 기술, 산업의 출현은 많은 제조업체들에게 사업의 지속 가능성을 위한 혁신적인 노력을 요구하고 있다. 4차 산업혁명 시대에는 단순한 제품 생산 및 판매 형태로는 예전과 같은 성장을 기대할 수 없다. 특정 분야에서는 제품과 서비스의 구분이 모호해 지고 있고 서비스 업체가 직접 제품을 출시하기도 한다. Servitization, 즉 제조업의 서비스화 전략을 통해 제조업의 가치사슬을 파괴하는 혁신만이 새로운 가치를 창출해 낼 수 있다. Servitization의 기본 개념부터 4차 산업혁명 시대에 제조업체가 직면하고 있는 제조 및 서비스의 패러다임 변화와 향후 전망에 대하여 분석하고 융·복합 시대에 요구되는 Servitization의 전략과 적용 방안, 그리고 이에 대처하기 위한 방법론에 대하여 연구한다.