• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

We investigated the evolution of crystal formation as a function of drawing ratio in poly(1,4-diaminobutane-co-adipic acid-co-${\varepsilon}$-caprolactam-co-diethylenetriamine)(nylon 466T) copolymer formed by four monomers, i.e 1,4-diaminobutane, adipic acid, ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactam, diethylenetriamine(DETA), using synchrotron X-ray scattering measurement. In case of pristine(as spun) nylon 466T fiber, it was consisted with unoriented nylon $6{\alpha}$ and unoriented nylon $46{\alpha}$ phases. As increase the drawing ratio, unoriented nylon $6{\alpha}$ was transformed to oriented ${\gamma}$ phase, while unoriented nylon $46{\alpha}$ changed to oriented $46{\alpha}$ phase. The effect of the addition of DETA was not observed in the pristine fibers. However, DETA affected to restrict the formation of crystals at the maximum drawing condition, and as a result it had a role to increase the moisture regain.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1992

Treatment of vinyl monomers onto silk fiber modifies the properties of the original silk fiber considerably. This field has been the subject of investigation by many workers using chemical and radiation initiation. Many studies on the reaction conditions, polymerization mechanism, physical properties and practical performances of methacrylamide-treated silk fiber have been continued. However, the polymerization mechanism has not been clearly revealed yet and this remains ambiguously whether the grafting is formed on fiber or not. In general, it has been accepted that free radicals were formed and vinyl monomers were polymerized in silk fibroin by graft polymerization mechanism, while active sties were varied by the types of monomer and initiator as well as by the reaction conditions. On the other hand, there is another argument on polymerization mechanism, in which monomers are polymerized and impregnated in the internal side of the fiber by homopolymerization. Though a large number of analytical methods are used to examine the polymerization mechanism of methacrylamide-treated silk fiber, the results on the basis of thermal analysis are merely reported in this paper. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the thermal decomposition behaviors of the methacrylamie-treated silk fibers were determined and compared to those of the controlled silk fibers. DSC curves obtained from the methacrylamide-treated silk fibers showed double peaks at around 290$^{\circ}C$ (A peak) and 320$^{\circ}C$ (B peak) which are attributed to the thermal decomposition of the methacrylamide polymer and silk fibroin fiber, respectively. The temperature of A and B peak shifted to higher value with the increase of add-on. Also, the moisture regain of the treated silk fibers increased with add-on.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop fabrics using non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes made from curcuma and coffee extract. The natural dyes were applied to non-printed cotton fabrics using the dip dyeing method, and the pattern was hand-printed onto the dyed fabrics to make dyed printed-fabrics. The four types of developed fabric samples were compared to analyze the effects of the dyeing materials and printing on the hygienic properties of curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics. The findings were as follows. First, air permeability of both curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics was greatly affected by the presence of patterns, although the type of dye did not seem to have an effect. Printing greatly reduced air permeability of the fabric, and coffee-dyed fabric showed greater reduction of dyeing method than curcuma-dyed fabric. Moisture regain also tended to decrease with printing, but the change was much smaller compared to air permeability. Second, increased UV blockage was observed in curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics with patterns compared to non-printed fabrics, showing that printing enhanced UV blocking. Third, deodorization rate tended to increase sharply for both curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics until 30 minutes and gradually increased thereafter to yield 30% for curcuma and 50% for coffee at 120 minutes, demonstrating higher deodorization of coffee dye. Coffee-dyed fabric showed an antibacterial rate about twice as high as that of curcuma-dyed fabric, and the observed data suggest that curcuma-dyed fabric had an insignificant level of antibiosis. Fourth, printing significantly enhanced wash, sunlight, and compound colorfastness of the two types of dyed fabrics. The effect of printing was most dramatic on sunlight and compound colorfastness, which are aspects in which natural dyed fabrics perform poorly in general. Eventually, the development and application of biologically- and environmentally-friendly fabrics with natural dyes correspond with increased interest towards the wellness and healthy attitudes of modern society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.1 s.29
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• pp.89-97
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• 1989

Graft polymerization of MMA onto cotton fiber was carried out in two ways, two step graft polymerization and one step emulsion graft polymerization, using tetravalent cerium ion as an initiator. At two step graft polymerization, the first step was the pretreatment of cotton fiber with an aqueous initiator solution and the second was the grafting pretreated cotton fiber in the monomer solution. In case of one step emulsion graft polymerization, MMA was emulsified with SLS in initiator solution. Under the various graft polymerization conditions, graft yield, graft efficiency and from the Arrhenius plot the apparent activation energy were compared. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Graft yield and graft efficiency of emulsion graft polymerization were higher than those of two step graft polymerization. 2. In case of two step graft polymerization, graft yield was affected by the pretreatment time of cotton fiber with an aqueous initiator solution. And graft yield of emulsion graft polymerization was increased with the concentration of emulsifier below cmc of SLS and was decreased thereafter. 3. Elevation of temperature resulted increase in graft yield for both grafting methods. The apparent activation energy of emulsion graft pelymerzation was lower than that of two step graft polymerization. 4. Increased reaction time increased in graft yield, but decreased in graft efficiency. 5. Moisture regain of grafted cotton was decreased with graft yield.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 2018

We surveyed 223 road workers between 2017 July-August about wearing and satisfaction in order to find basic data to develop safety clothing that enhances visibility of motion and comfort while meeting international standards. It was found that most of the current warning clothing owned by road cleaners and about 2/3 of policemen clothes were provided by public institutions. The purpose of wearing, color, properties, satisfaction and protectiveness differed significantly by occupation. Second, the most popular response for the type and quantity of warning clothing was 2 sets of spring/autumn, summer, and winter type for road cleaners, whereas policemen chose 2 sets of all types plus a safety vest. Therefore, a top-level (3rd class) warning clothing study is required. Third, satisfaction ranked Moderate>Good>Poor; in addition, the main reason for satisfaction was that 'retroreflective tape increases safety at night (54.4%)' for road cleaners and 'the fluorescent color stands out (43.7%)' for policemen. Thus, it was accepted that visibility contributed to safety. Fourth, body-protectiveness was evaluated higher compared to wearing satisfaction, and it was recognized more by road cleaners than policemen. Overall satisfaction was higher for road cleaners versus policemen both in Seoul than Incheon. Fifth, the main dissatisfaction in both groups was 'low sweat absorbency' showing improving the air permeability, moisture regain and permeability was the highest priority. Finally, those working 8 hours a day tended to evaluate more positively the 6 properties of the material.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2012

In this study, printing was introduced to the common dip-dyeing method of persimmon juice dyeing so as to develop two different colored persimmon juice dyed fabrics with printings of 'jorangmal' patterns (a national monument) instead of producing a plain textile. Following are the results of a comparative study between the persimmon dyed fabric and undyed fabric, both with printings, in terms of its properties, and hand values. Cotton and rayon were chosen as samples and were compared separately. Firstly, the samples showed differences in terms of clarity and visual sensation depending on the presence of persimmon dye, even if the same pattern and color was used. Secondly, the air permeability of two samples improved after persimmon dyeing even though their thickness increased, and their moisture regain increased as well in all humidity conditions. Thirdly, protectiveness against UV increased in dyed samples, and sweat, sunlight, and compound colorfastness improved in printed dye-fabrics compared to plain dyed ones. Therefore, printing proved to be effective in preventing discoloration. Fourthly, tensile linearity and resilience, bending rigidity, compressive linearity and resilience, and shearing stiffness increased more in the dyed samples compared to undyed ones. However, shearing recovery decreased in both dyed fabrics. Fifthly, the result of its hand value showed that Koshi value increased in all samples than undyed ones, whereas Fukurami, Numeri, and Softosa values decreased. Incorporating printing in persimmon dyeing process could expect creative outcomes not only in today's diverse fashion but in areas of arts or crafts as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.3 s.35
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• pp.216-221
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• 1990

This study was performed for the development of antimicrobial finished nonwoven fabrics with water repellency. And it was aimed to examine the changes of moisture related properties and air permeability of the finished fabrics. Viscose rayon nonwoven fabrics were treated with organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt having carbon numbers of 16, which was synthesized for this study Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by shake flask method and the reactivity of antimicrobial agent was measured by degree of luminescence from inductively coupled plasma. Water repellency of treated specimen was evaluated by dynamic water absorption measurement and air permeability was measured by Frazier method. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Excellent antimicrobial activity was obtained for the high concentration of treatment and the durability of finishing after laundering was better as the treatment concentration was higher 2. Silicon contents taken up by specimen increased with increased treatment concentration. 3. Dynamic water absortion of treated specimen decreased compared to that of untreated. And, it was lowered as the treatment of concentration increased and as the silicon content increased. 4. Moistuie regain and uptake with lapse of time of treated specimen increased compared to those of untreated. But, air permeability of treated specimen decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 1993

Graft copolymerization of MMN4-VP onto cotton fiber using Ce(IV) salt as an initiator and triton X-100 as an emulsifier was performed under various polymerization conditions. In cograft polymerization, the polymeization behavior according to variation of 4-VP feed composition and the characteristics of MMA/4-VP graft polymer such as affinity for acid dye owing to cationization of cotton, antibacterial activity and thermal behavior were investigated. The results of this study were as follows : 1. While in copolymerization of MMA and 4-VP, 4-VP content in copolymer was more than that of monomer feed composition. 2. Increasing 4-VP content, graft yield was decreased, but graft efficiency was increased. In case of MMA/4-VP graft polymerization, the highest graft yield was obtained at higher CAN concentration than in MMA graft polymerization, the reason is that the behavior of 4-VP was disturbed by Ce(IV) sail 3. Elevation of temperature resulted in increase of graft yield and the apparent activation energy of MMA/4-VP graft polymerization was higher than that of MMA graft polymerization. 4. MMA/4-VP grafted cotton fiber showed affinity for acid dye, antibacterial activity and higher moisture regain than MMA grafted cotton fiber. MMA/4-VP grafted cotton fabric showed improvement of wrinkle recovery up to 40~50% graft yield and decreased thereafter. MMA/4-VP and MMA grafted cotton fabric did not showed significant difference in wrinkle recovery and stiffness.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2004

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/chitosan blend films with non-toxicity, biodegradability, and biocom-patibility were prepared by solution casting. Variation of the physicochemical properties of the blend films was investigated through to several analysis methods. Examination of antibacterial properties revealed that bacterio-static ratios of all blend samples containing chitosan more than 10 wt％ were greater than 99.9％. Moisture regain was increased with increasing chitosan content but the degree of swelling was decreased. Up to chitosan content 15 wt％t, the melting and crystallization temperature of blend films was increased with chitosan content. The blends containing chitosan content 10 and 15 wt％ gave melting temperature 229 and 228$^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, the melting temperature was decreased if chitosan content exceeded 20 wt％. The mechanical properties of the blend films were increased with increasing chitosan content in both dry and wet states. The blend film including 15 wt％ chitosan exhibited unusually high tensile strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2014

Persimmon juice dye-printed fabrics with printing were used for a Galot one-piece dress. The Galot dress was assessed in comparison to a white undyed one-piece dress of the same design through a wearing test conducted in a climatic chamber with an air temperature of $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}5%$ R.H, and 0.2m/sec air movement on 4 healthy female subjects in their 20s. The subjects went through a 30-min stable period, a 30-min exercise of walking on a $5^{\circ}$ slope treadmill at 70m/min period, and a 20-min recovery period. In addition, a physiological reaction and subjective sensation were estimated. The results showed that significant differences were mostly observed from a sweating period that occurred during the latter half of the exercise. More specific results are as follows. First, skin temperature on the chest and mean skin temperature were significantly higher (p<.01) in rayon dyed sample dresses. Second, micro-humidity on the back showed a significant difference (p<.01). Both cotton and rayon persimmon juice dyed sample dresses produced lower microhumidity than their counterparts and as for cotton the difference occurred over the entire experimental period; however, it occurred after the middle of the exercise period for rayon. Third, the sweating rate on the back decreased in both cotton and rayon with persimmon juice dye but no significant difference was observed. Fourth, subjective three sensations revealed significant differences between cotton and rayon (p<.01), indicating that the subjects felt more cool, dryer and more comfortable in a cotton Galot. As described above, the analysis of physiological responses and the subjective sensation of undyed and dyed clothing shows the effect of persimmon juice dyeing. Persimmon juice dyeing also seemly increased air permeability, moisture regain and permeability facilitating body heat ventilation, as micro-humidity and sweat rate were lowered. However, this was not shown consistently in subjective responses on comfort especially when wearing rayon dresses.