• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 1984

Physicochemical properties of arrowroot starch, which was adjusted to 18, 21, and 24% moisture and heated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 16hr, were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern was changed from C- to A-pattern upon treatment(24% moisture). The swelling powere and solubility decreased by heat-moisture treatment. The treated sample was gelatinized at higher temperature than untreated one. Water-binding capacity was drastically increased as the moisture level was decreased. Amylograph hot paste viscosities were decreased upon treatment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2016

Biodrying is a pre-treatment method that applies biological and mechanical concepts to drying solid waste. In Malaysia, municipal solid waste (MSW) is unseparated and contains a high level of moisture, making the use of technology such as solid waste burning unsuitable and harmful. MSW containing organic material can be processed naturally until the moisture content of the waste is reduced. This study on MSW biodrying was carried out on a laboratory scale to measure the percent moisture content reduction and to monitor temperature patterns under different ventilation periods. This work was conducted using five biodrying reactors volumes of 50 liters each. Reactors were ventilated for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min every 3 h, with a 3 bar air supply. The duration of this process was 14 days for all samples. The results showed that the optimum ventilation time was 10 min, with an 81.84% reduction in moisture content, and that it required almost half of the electricity cost required for the 20 and 30 min ventilations.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.283-293
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• 2016

Owing to an increase in the air tightness of recent buildings, the natural ventilation rate was significantly lowered and the removal of accumulated moisture became difficult in these buildings. The hygrothermal performance of these buildings should be carefully considered to provide comfortable indoor environment by removing the moisture condensation risk and the mold growth potential. In this study, hygrothermal performance of two selected wall structures was investigated based on WUFI simulation program. The results displayed that the indoor temperature had impact on the moisture accumulation in the insulation layer for both modeled walls, showing that lower indoor temperature resulted in higher moisture accumulation, especially in the wood frame structure. Also, the yearly moisture accumulation profile exhibited a downward shift throughout the year by adding a vapour retarder with a lower sd-value. In addition, both of the two walls have condensation risk in winter, due to low temperature level. The wood frame structure has a bigger fluctuation and higher condensation risk than the concrete structure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1989

Four seasonal trials were conducted to study the effect of feeding clomiphene citrate on carcass composition of broilers. It was fed at 5, 10, 15 mg levels per kg feed for a period of two weeks, 3-4 weeks ($S_1$), 4-5 weeks ($S_2$) and 5-6 weeks ($S_3$) of age. Total carcasses were analysed for moisture, ether extract and protein. Clomiphene citrate significantly decreased the moisture with concomitant increase in ether extract content of the carcasses at all the ages and seasons. Carcass protein was significantly decreased at all the ages and seasons. The responses in the different level of clomiphene citrate is dose dependent. The carcass moisture decreased with age while protein and ether extract contents increased in all seasons. The females had more ether extract and less moisture contents than male. The carcass ether extract was higher in summer and rainy seasons followed by spring and winter seasons, and the differences were significant. A concomitant significant decrease of carcass moisture was observed. The effect of seasons on carcass protein varied at different ages but there appeared to be a trend towards decreasing carcass protein in summer and rainy seasons than winter and spring seasons.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.59-63
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• 2013

A bendable electronic module has been developed for a mobile application by using a low-cost roll-to-roll manufacturing process. In flexible embedded electronic module, a thin silicon chip was embedded in a polymer-based encapsulating adhesive between flexible copper clad polyimide layers. To confirm reliability and durability of prototype bendable module, the following tests were conducted: Moisture sensitivity level, thermal shock test, high temperature & high humidity storage test, and pressure cooker tester. Those experiments to induce failure of the module due to temperature variations and moisture are the experiment to verify the reliability. Failure criterion was 20% increase in bump resistance from the initial value. The mechanism of the increase of the bump resistance was analyzed by using non-destructive X-ray analysis and scanning acoustic microscopy. During the pressure cooker test (PCT), delamination occurred at the various interfaces of the bendable embedded modules. To investigate the failure mechanism, moisture diffusion analysis was conducted to the pressure cooker's test. The hygroscopic characteristics of the encapsulating polymeric materials were experimentally determined. Analysis results have shown moisture saturation process of flexible module under high temperature/high humidity and high atmosphere conditions. Based on these results, stress factor and failure mechanism/mode of bendable embedded electronic module were obtained.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

The Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement is an efficient and effective diagnostic technique based on time domain measurement, for evaluating the high voltage insulation condition. This paper presents a review and comparison results from several published papers on the application of the PDC method to finding the conductivity and moisture content of various types of insulators. For solid insulation, the study was focused on cable insulation, electric machine stator insulation, and paper insulator in transformer insulation with different conditions. For liquid insulation, the review and comparison was done on biodegradable and mineral transformer oils, with fresh oil condition, and aged condition. The results from previous researchers tests were complied, analyzed and discussed, to evaluate the application of the PDC method to monitor the conductivity and moisture of HV equipment insulation systems. From the review results, the PDC technique successfully gives an indication of the conductivity and moisture level of high voltage insulation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1185-1193
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• 2023

The increasing interest in soil moisture data from satellite imagery for applications in hydrology, meteorology, and agriculture has led to the development of methods to produce variable-resolution soil moisture maps. Research on accurate soil moisture estimation using satellite imagery is essential for remote sensing applications. The purpose of this study is to generate a soil moisture estimation map for a test area using KOMPSAT-3/3A and KOMPSAT-5 SAR imagery and to quantitatively compare the results with soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission provided by NASA, with a focus on accuracy validation. In addition, the Korean Environmental Geographic Information Service (EGIS) land cover map was used to determine soil moisture, especially in agricultural and forested regions. The selected test area for this study is the western part of Jeju, South Korea, where input data were available for the soil moisture estimation algorithm based on the Water Cloud Model (WCM). Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from KOMPSAT-5 HV and Sentinel-1 VV were used for soil moisture estimation, while vegetation indices were calculated from the surface reflectance of KOMPSAT-3 imagery. Comparison of the derived soil moisture results with SMAP (L-3) and SMAP (L-4) data by differencing showed a mean difference of 4.13±3.60 p% and 14.24±2.10 p%, respectively, indicating a level of agreement. This research suggests the potential for producing highly accurate and precise soil moisture maps using future South Korean satellite imagery and publicly available data sources, as demonstrated in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.451-461
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• 1997

The soil NO flux measurements in Korea were made from 17 May 1997 to 16 June 1997 on grass land at Kunsan National University in southwestern Korea by using flow-through chamber technique. The experiment was conducted in an effort to determine the role of natural emissions of NO on rural atmospheric photochemistry, and to understand the soil NO emission mechanism with respect to soil parameters. Soil NO fluxes were measured every minutes and averaged in every 15 minutes as well as soil temperature. Soil samples were analyzed for $NO_3^-, NH_4^+$, and moisture in soil. Soil nitrate was not detected in most times, and total N-containing was limited in site soils. There was a optimum range of soil moisture and temperature for soil NO flux. The overall average of soil NO emission rates were found to be 1.30 $\pm 0.92 ngNm^{-2}s^{-1}$ (n=1219), and ranged from 0.01 ngNm^{-2}s^{-1}$ to 5.62 ngNm^{-2}s^{-1}$. Diurnal variation of soil NO emission was typical, which was in higher level during daytime, and was in lower level over the night. NO flux showed a strong soil temperature dependence $(r^2=0.78)$, but not with soil moisture and soil N-containing during this experimental period; NO fluxes increased exponentially as soil temperature increased. In order to assure the relevant relationship between soil NO flux and the soil parameters, long-term soil flux measurement on different types of land use should be planned and conducted continuously.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2011

This study aimed to examine the treatment effect of Muraenesox cinereus extract product combined with high frequency on men's damaged skin. The subjects were treated by a product containing M. cinereus extract combined with high frequency therapy for six weeks and tested in skin condition. First, for moisture level change, there was no significant difference between the control group treated only by high frequency therapy and the experimental group treated by a M. cinereus extract product combined with high frequency therapy. But the subjects who increased consistently in moisture level in the cheek and chin were more common in the experimental group. Second, for an oil level, prominently high increase was found in both the control group and the experimental group. Finally, for a rough level, while there was little difference in the control group between immediately after peeling and after six weeks, high improvement effect on a curve was found in the experimental group. Based on this result, cosmetics using M. cinereus extract may have a positive effect on men's skin which is exposed to several stress factors. Accordingly, this result will contribute to developing men's functional cosmetics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1993

To increase the moisture content and thereby to reduce the static charge of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), thin layer surface photografting of acylamide (AAm) onto PAN fabrics by using benzophenone as a initiator with a mixtured solvent was carried. The effects of reaction conditions such as monomer, initiator concentrations, UV irradiation time and immersion time of fabrics on grafting were investigated. The percent grafting slightly increased with increasing monomer concentration, benzophenone concentration up to limiting value and thereafter decreased or level offed. The percent grafting was significantly increased with increasing irradiation and immersion times. The moisture regain increased with increasing the percent grafting. The static charge decreased with increasing the percent grafting.