• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1994

Two studies were conducted using 40 cross-bred bulls to study the effect of chopping, moistening with water or common salt solution on the nutritive value of rice straw (variety BG-400). Moistening with water did not significantly effect digestibility or intake of rice straw. As compared to straw fed in the long form, chopping did not significantly influence intake (2.33 vs 1.97kg $100kgBW^{-1}day^{-1}$, respectively), but significantly (p<0.05) decreased the digestibility (41.6 vs 37.4%) and intake of digestible dry matter (0.99 vs 0.74kg $100kgBW^{-1}day^{-1}$). Rice straw moistened with 2 or 4% common sea salt solution and directly fed to animals (Exp. 1) did not significantly effect its digestibility (43.9 and 43.1%, respectively) or intake (2.66 or 2.59kg $100kgBW^{-1}day^{-1}$, respectively), but over night storing of 2% salt solution sprayed straw (Exp. 2) significantly reduced its digestibility (33.6%). The latter is difficult to explain because the sodium concentration (mg/g straw dry matter) was lower than 4% salt solution treatment used in experiment 1 (3.30 vs 5.22). It is concluded that chopping, moistening with water or NaCl salt solution did not significantly improve the nutritive value of rice straw.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.8
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2002

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of Hypertension by moistening Herbal-acupuncture at Blood Pressure Point(HN136). Methods: We reviewed 14 patients of Hypertension. They were hospitalized at oriental medical hospital of Sang-Ji university for 2002. 1. 2. - 2002. 5. 2. First, we divided into two groups; Group Ⅰ was administrated by moistening Herbal-acupuncture at Blood Pressure Point(HN136), and was not given any western medicine about Hypertension during the period of experiment. Group Ⅱ was administrated by moistening Herbal-acupuncture at Blood Pressure Point(HN136), and given western medicine about Hypertension during the period of experiment. we observed the change of systolic and diastolic for 2 weeks, and compared Group Ⅰ with Group Ⅱ . Results: The results obtained as follows: 1. The figure of systolic in Group Ⅰ was decreased, but there was no signification. There was a significant decrease in Group Ⅱ (p<0.05) 2. The figure of diastolic in Group Ⅰ was decreased, but there was no signification. There was a significant decrease in Group Ⅱ (p<0.05) 3. Group Ⅱ was more effective than Group Ⅰ in the results. Conclusion: The results suggest that moistening Herbal-acupuncture at Blood Pressure Point(HN136) was effective treatment of Hypertension. So further research is needed continuously.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2002

We have examined the purgative effect of three Jechun-jun formulas in sprague dawley(SD) rat. Three jechun-jun formulas were Jechun-jun(Sample I ) and augmented Jechun-jun(Sample II) and augmented Jechun-jun add rhubarb(sample III ). We examined the amount and the humidity of feces in rat. The experimental animals were devided into four groups. as control group and three Jechun-jun (sample I, II, III). We administerd the water extract of sample I, II, III to rat per oral for 8days long. After every 24hours measured the amount of wet feces from rats in metabolic cage. Humidity rate of feces from rat was at first measure wet feces for 24hours (W) and measure dried feces (W1) and then we consider W-W1 as humidity. High humidity rate means constipation changes into moistening stool. The amount of wet feces and humidity rate of feces in rats were increased in sample I, II, III. Sample I has highest humidity rate of feces. so showed strong moistening effect. Sample II has mild effect in treating constipation. sample III has most amount of wet feces. in conclusion Jechun-jun has an effect of moistening stool. and augmented Jechun-jun add rhubarb has strong purgative effect.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate Armeniacae Amarum Semen of poison and the Pragmatic significance of the processing method. Methods : We researched several books dealing with Armeniacae Amarum Semen of poison and the Pragmatic significance of the processing method. Results & Conclusions : Armeniacae Amarum Semen is sweet, bitter, warm and harmful in nature. It is known as moistening the lung to arrest cough, moistening the colon, to move the bowels and promoting digestion and curing dog bites. Armeniacae Amarum Semen has toxicity, decreasing toxicity of Armeniacae Amarum Semen is boiling, peeling or roasting. If Armeniacae Amarum Semen has two seeds in one apricot or has six-floral leaf, do not used for medicinal purposes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.321-338
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of moistening and air-drying of acid conditioned dentin and enamel on the marginal microleakage. In this study, Class V cavity were prepared on both buccal and lingual surface of sixty extracted human premolars with cementum margin. These specimens were randomly devided into three groups and three dentin adhesives(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All bond 2, Prisma Universal Bond 3) were applied to each group. The specimens in each group were subdevided into four groups (Wet/primed, Dry/primed, Wet/not primed, Dry/not primed) and the etched dentin and enamel surface were treated these four surface treatments prior to the placement of a bonding agent or adhesive. Wet/primed group was simply blot-dried with a damp facial tissue before primer placement ; Dry/primed group was air dried for 30 seconds before the placement of a primer ; Wet/not primed group and Dry/not primed group were not primed after blot dried and air dried for 30 seconds each group. The bonding agent and composite resin were applied for each group. All specimens were exposed to 500 cycle of thermal stress. Specimens were placed in a silver nitrate solution and then sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restoration. The dye penetrations of the specimens were observed with a stereo microscope. The statistical test were applied to the results using a one way analysis variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. The aspects of silver ion penetration into the resin/dentin interface were examined under scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. In all groups, the enamel margin showed significantly lower leakage value than the cementum margin (p<0.05). 2. Regardless of various surface treatment and dentin adhesives, there was no significant difference at the enamel margins (p>0.05). 3. At the dentin margins, the leakage values of Dry/not primed group showed significantly higher than that of the other groups (p<0.05). The leakage values of Wet/primed group showed significantly lower than that of the other groups, but, there was no significant difference between Wet group and Dry group. 4. There was no significantly difference between the dentin adhesives regarding the surface treatments in all groups(p>0.05). 5. On the backscatterd scanning electron microscopy observation, the penetration of the silver ion occured at the bonding resin/dentin interface. In the Wet/primed group, resindentin hybrid zone and resin penetration into the dentin was observed. The resin tags were compactively formed to a thickness of $3\sim4{\mu}m$ at the upper part of dentinal tubules. In the Dry/primed group, the thickness of the hybrid zone and the diameter, depth of the resin tags diminished. In the Non-primed groups, the hybrid zone was not identified and few resin tag was observed. There was the gap formation in the resin/dentin interface.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.463-486
• /
• 1995

The effect of moistening and air-drying of acid-conditioned dentin before priming on the formation of resin-dentin hybrid zone was investigated, Freshly extracted human molars were used and divided at random into 5 groups, Groups 1 - 3 consisted of specimens conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid for 20 seconds; Group 1 served as a control in which the conditioned dentin was simply blot-dried with a damp facial tissue; Group 2 was air dried for 30 seconds ; Group 3 was air dried for 30 seconds and immediately remoistened for 10 seconds with air-water syringe. and then the specimen was blot-dried with a damp facial tissue. Groups 4-5 were not acid conditioned ; In group 4, the smear layer on the dentin was blot dried before primer placement; Group 5 was air dried only for 30 seconds, The acetone-based primer and bonding agent of All Bond 2 (Bisco. Inc., USA) and composite resin (Z-100, 3M Dental products, USA) were applied for acid conditioned dentin and non-conditioned dentin. The morphologic ultrastructure of resin-dentin hybrid zone was examined by the use of SEM and TEM. and the existence of inorganic material and analysis of Ca/P weight-percent ratio in the resin-dentin hybrid zone were revealed by the EDAX, The results were as follows : 1. In the moistened specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 3-$4{\mu}m$ into dentin and the denatured collagen smear layer was not present at the surface. The resin tag was formed to a thickeness of 3-$4{\mu}m$ at the upper part of dentinal tubule and compactively connected to each other by means of many lateral branching. 2. In the air-dried specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5\;{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper thin black layer to a thickness of 30-35nm was identified between adhesive resin and demineralized collagen layer. The resin tag to have a diameter of $2.5{\mu}m$ was formed at the upper part of dentinal tubule. However the funnel shape of the tag was not notable compared to the moistened specimens. 3. In the remoistened specimens from acid conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper black layer was not present. The resin tag at the upper part of dentinal tubule was formed less than $2{\mu}m$ and was weakly connected to each other by means of few lateral branching. 4. In the non-conditioned groups, the smear layer was formed to a thickness of $0.5{\mu}m$ at dentin surface. However, the resin-dentin hybrid zone was not identified by TEM. The evidence of resin penetration into intertubular and intratubular dentin did not show. 5. All the acid-conditioned groups showed that the detected calcium and phosphorus weight percent ratios at the $2{\mu}m$ upper portion from the resin-dentin interface into the resin were much higher than that at the $2{\mu}m$ lower portion from the resin-dentin interface to dentin. (P<0.01).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2019

Soil dust emitted from large scale construction sites in urban areas has posed a significant health threats to local residents by exacerbating air quality. Water-spraying (moistening) is commonly practiced to lower the dust emission in construction sites, but its long term effectiveness is highly questionable. In this study, the utility of starch and PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) was investigated in suppression of the soil dust emissions in construction sites in Seoul areas. The efficiency of the two suppressants was tested with test soil sample in a lab-scale wind tunnel box under different concentrations of suppressants and soil textures. Starch and PVA showed the superior ability to suppress soil dust emission as compared to moistening, resulting in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 lower than the daily limit values of 30 and 15 ㎍/㎥ respectively. PVA showed higher suppression capability than starch for all conditions. The test soils mixed with suppressants also showed dramatically enhanced aggregate stability compared to the non-treated soil.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.470-478
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moistening mechods of dentin on the morphologic states of hybrid layers and on the interfacial bond strength between dentin and composite. Specimens were divided into 6 groups based on the surface moistening methods and materials used. After the dentin surface was conditioned with 10 % phoporic acid and irrigated: 1. The dentin surface was dried. Then bonding agent and composite were applied. 2. The dentin surface was blot-dryed. Then primer, bonding atent and composite were applied. 3. The dentin surface was dryed first. Within 20 seconds, the surface was rewetted, then primer, bonding agent and composite were applied. 4. The dentin surface was dryed. Then primer, bonding agnent and composite were applied. 5. The dentin surface was dryed first. Atter 24hrs, the surface was rewetted, and then primer, bonding agent and composite were applied. 6. The surface was conditioned with NaOCl for 5min. Then primer, bonding agent and composite were applied. To reveal the hybrid layer, scanning electron microscopy was used after the samples were ion beam etched. The shear bond strength of each group was tom pared by ANOVA. In groups 2, 3 and 4, the hybrid layer was clearly visible, but the width was more limited in group 4. In group 1 and 5, the hybrid layer was not found, and a gap was formed between dentin and composite. In group 6, the hybrid layer was not found, but the interface between the dentin and composite was intimate. The shear bond strength of each group was as follows: Group 1 : 4MPa, Group 2 : 14MPa, Group 3 : 12MPa, Group 4 : 14MPa, Group 5 : 5MPa, Group 6 : 9MPa.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2003

Armeniacae Amarum Semen was well-known as a theraputic agent of asthma by flowing downward of qi and moistening of lung in Oriental Medicine. But there are many other effect in Armeniacae Amarum Semen such as, loosening the bowel to relieve constipation, removing stagnation of qi and food, dispersing accumulation of pathogen, parasiticide. We have been studying what the meaning of Armeniacae Amarum Semen in herbal formula and usage of Armeniacae Amarum Semen is.

• 기계와재료
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2012

지구 환경오염문제가 대두되면서 세계 각국에서는 환경오염을 최소화하려는 움직임이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 해양 대기오염의 상당량이 선박에서 배출되는 배기가스에 의한 것으로 판단하고 있으며, 이에 따라 선진국을 중심으로 선박관련 환경규제 및 선박 배기가스 배출기준을 점차적으로 강화해 가고 있고, 친환경 선박 및 기자재 개발을 적극적으로 진행하고 있다. 현재 선박에 적용 가능한 NOx 제거장치로는 ECR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation), SCR(Selective, Catalytic Reduction), SAM(Scavenge Air Moistening) 등이 개발되었으며, 연소온도 조절 및 촉매 환원반응 등을 이용하여 NOx를 제거하고 있다. 현재 개발된 탈질설비 중 현실적으로 가장 적합한 것은 SCR시스템으로 인식되고 있으나, 연료효율 감소로 인하여 가스연료를 이용하거나 새로운 연료개발 등 사용연료에 변화를 주는 방법들이 미래의 대안으로 제시되고 있다.