• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

Zinc finger (ZNF) proteins play a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular signal transduction. In this paper, we cloned and characterized a novel human KRAB-related zinc finger gene, ZNF425, which encodes a protein of 752 amino acids. ZNF425 is strongly expressed in the three month old human embryos and then is almost undetectable in six month old embryos and in adult tissues. An EGFP-ZNF425 fusion protein can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. ZNF425 appears to act as a transcription repressor. Over-expression of ZNF425 inhibits the transcriptional activities of SRE, AP-1, and SRF. Deletion analysis indicates that the C2H2 domain is the main region responsible for the repression. Our results suggest that the ZNF425 gene is a new transcriptional inhibitor that functions in the MAPK signaling pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2011

Leucine-rich repeat containing protein 10 (LRRC10) is characterized as a cardiac-specific gene, suggesting a role in heart development and disease. A severe cardiac morphogenic defect in zebrafish morphants was recently reported but a contradictory result was found in mice, suggesting a more complicated molecular mechanism exists during mouse embryonic development. To elucidate how LRRC10 is regulated, we analyzed the 5'enhancer region approximately 3 kilo bases (kb) upstream of the Lrrc10 start site using luciferase reporter gene assays. Our characterization of the Lrrc10 promoter indicates it possesses complicated cis-and trans-acting elements. We show that GATA4 and MEF2C could both increase transcriptional activity of Lrrc10 promoter individually but that they do not act synergistically, suggesting that there exists a more complex regulation pattern. Surprisingly, knockout of Gata4 and Mef2c binding sites in the 5’enhancer region (-2,894/-2,889) didn't change the transcriptional activity of the Lrrc10 promoter and the likely GATA4 binding site identified was located in a region only 100 base pair (bp) upstream of the promoter. Our data provides insight into the molecular regulation of Lrrc10 expression, which probably also contributes to its tissue-specific expression.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.627-638
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• 2008

At present, there is a no rational MOE for evaluating hazard level at curve sections. Therefore, this study focus on developing the MOE and algorithm for hazard level at curve sections. The scopes of this study limited to rural two-way roads. Actual data used is accident, geometric features, safety facilities of the selected sites at curve sections. In order to develop MOE for hazard level at curve sections, accident contributing factors were classified by road geometry, visual guidance facility, speed and driver factor. A relationship between the four factors mentioned and accidents was conducted. And, the MOE for hazard level at curve sections was derived from the previous relationship analysis, and the algorithm for hazard level was developed. Finally, worksheets were suggested based on the MOE and algorithm for road designers. These developed MOE and algorithm can be used to reduce serious accident contributing factors when designing roads and also, these will be used to determine an order of priority when reconstructing roads.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1991

Tests of notched specimens of ten hardwood species in the LR and LT systems were conducted to investigate fracture toughness($K_{IC}$) and effective moduli of elasticity(MOE). $K_{IC}$ values were examined in relation to MOR, MOE, specific gravity of clear wood specimens. It was found in both systems that there were significant relationship between $K_{IC}$ and MOR, $K_{IC}$ and specific gravity. To predict the effective MOE of notched specimen from MOE of clear wood, it was analyzed by using equvalent cross-section method. In LR system, the observed values were similar to the predicted values, but in LT system, both were not agreed as the ovserved values were smaller. However. the results were shown that this method was avaliable to predict the effective MOE of notched specimens.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2003

Flexural properties were investigated on clear specimens made from small diameter thinned trees of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.), Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carr.), and sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.). MOR and MOE values of small clear specimen were depended on the species. The highest density of sawtooth oak shows the highest values of MOR and MOE. However, the lowest density of Japanese larch shows the lowest values of MOR. It was also shown that flexural properties could be predicted by stress wave MOE, since the correlations between stress wave MOE and flexural properties were relatively good.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.20-29
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• 1999

Temperature has important effect on mechanical properties of wood. These effect needs to be understood and taken into account in the structural use of wood. Furthermore, the effect of cooling after exposing to high temperature must be explained. In this study, the effect of temperature, exposure time, specific gravity, and cooling on bending properties were investigated. The boundary temperatures at which bending MOE and MOR reduced rapidly were approximately $200^{\circ}C$ and $150^{\circ}C$, respectively. This boundary temperature was nearly constant with independence of species(specific gravity), exposure time, and cooling. Above the boundary temperature, the effect of exposure time was increased with temperature and the reduction of bending MOE and MOR for Japanese Larch with relatively higher specific gravity was smaller than that of Hem-fir. The recovery of bending MOE and MOR after cooling was also more significant above the boundary temperature than below. The degree of cooling effect was larger for MOR than MOE. Consequently, bending properties of wood in elevated temperatures should be considered in terms of the boundary temperature, $200^{\circ}C$ for bending MOE, $150^{\circ}C$ for MOR, and these boundary temperatures must be considered an important factor. Furthermore, to evaluate the safety of structure, the recovery after cooling should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2C
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• pp.184-190
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose the blind multiuser detector which is robust against the effects of near-far and multiuser interference. The proposed detector is composed of the partial IC(interference canceller) and the blind MOE(minimum output energy) multiuser detector. The partial IC partially eliminates interference components from the received signal then the output of partial IC is fed into the input of multiuser detector. Simulation results show that the proposed detector has the robust property but the performance of conventional MOE multiuser detector is rapidly degraded in case of existing both near far and multiuser. Thus, the proposed partial IC BMUD(blind multiuser detection) technique has better performance than the conventional MOE.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

To evaluate the influence of 3A zeolite on the flame retardant properties of poplar plywood. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 3A zeolite were used as flame retardants to prepare plywood samples. The combustion properties, such as heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), mean CO and $CO_2$ yield, smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP), were characterized by a cone calorimeter. A synergistic effect was observed between 3A zeolite and APP on reducing the HRR and mean CO yield. The probable flame retardation mechanism was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

To develop the technology of producing structural board from low grade materials, an attempt was made to produce strand/particle composites from split wood strand(S) and particle(P) of (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), which changed the layer construction and the ratio of S/P. The influence of layer construction on board properties was determined, focusing on the number and alignment of the S layers. The effect of weight ratio of S/P (3:7, 1:1, 7:3) on mechanical properties was also discussed on seven layered panel. Mechanical properties were determined from static bending tests to give parallel and perpendicular modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the internal bond (IB) strength. In general, the surface strand layers contributed to the MOR and MOE. The parallel MOR and MOE values were the largest for the single layered S panel (only Slayers: S1), but the perpendicular MOR and MOE was the smallest. Perpendicular MOR and MOE were the largest for seven layered composite that had two cross oriented strand layers (SPSPSPS: SP7). Specimens retained more than half of their MOE and MOR after two hours in boiling water and one hour soaking. IB was the largest for the panel having only P layers, however, differences in IB strength were not identified among the other multi-layered composite panels thus the effect of layer construction on IB strength was small. Thickness swelling (TS) and surface roughness were smaller for the composite having P layers on the surface than for those having S layers. The addition of strands did not enhance the mechanical properties (MOR, MOE, IB). TS values for the panels, with which the S/P ratio was over than 1:1, was the similar to the value for the single layered S panels.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

In this paper, bending capacities of glulams with different configurations of cross-section were evaluated. These configurations included horizontal(BH), vertical(BVN), vertical with vertical plywood (BVV) and vertical combination of lamination with horizontal plywood(BVH). Full-scale bending tests were performed to investigate the effect of different section configurations on bending strength(MOR) and stiffness(MOE) of glulam. Compared with type BH, MOR of glulam with type BVN configuration was improved about 23%, which was considered to be caused by defect dispersion effect, while MOE of glulams with these two types of configurations were similar. Because MOE of plywood is generally smaller than that of solid wood laminar, MOE of type BVH glulam decreased about 15%, but in the case of type BVV glulam, MOR was improved without any reduction of MOE. The reason of this result could be undersood in the view of shear-reinforcement effect, which was verified from analysis of fracture mode. From the results of this study, it was concluded that bending capacity of glulam could be improved by proper section design, such as laminar arrangement and shear reinforcement.