• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to improve the power of PV module using a surface cooling system One of the unique characteristics of PV module is power drop as a module surface temperature increases due to the characteristics of crystalline silicon used in a solar cell. To overcome the output power reduction by temperature effect, module surface cooling using water circulation was performed. By cooling effect, module surface temperature drops maximally $20.3^{\circ}C$ predicting more than 10% power enhancement. Maximum deviation of voltage and current between a control and cooled module differed by 5.1 V and O.9A respectively. The maximum power enhancement by cooling system was 12.4% compared with a control module. In addition, cooling system can wash the module surface by water circulation so that extra power up of PV module can be achieved by removing particles on the surface which interfere solar radiation on the cells. Cooling system, besides, can reduce the maintenance cost and prevent accidents as a safety precaution while cleaning works. This system can be applied to the existing photovoltaic power generation facilities without any difficulties as well.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.309-313
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to improve the power of PV module using a surface cooling system. One of the unique characteristics of PV module is power drop as a module surface temperature increases due to the characteristics of crystalline silicon used in a solar cell. To overcome the output power reduction by temperature effect, module surface cooling using water circulation was performed. By cooling effect, module surface temperature drops maximally $20.3^{\circ}C$ predicting more than 10% power enhancement. Maximum deviation of voltage and current between a control and cooled module differed by 5.1V and 0.9A respectively. The maximum power enhancement by cooling system was 12.4% compared with a control module. In addition, cooling system can wash the module surface by water circulation so that extra power up of PV module can be achieved by removing particles on the surface which interfere solar radiation on the cells. Cooling system, besides, can reduce the maintenance cost and prevent accidents as a safety precaution while cleaning works. This system can be applied to the existing photovoltaic power generation facilities without any difficulties as well.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2018

PV module power is calculated on PV module surface temperature adjustment by irradiation on the summer and autumn in NOCT(Nominal Operating Cell Temperature) conditions. The summer and autumn periods were selected because of large variation in outdoor air temperature and irradiation. This study was performed to understand relationship between PV module surface temperature and photovoltaic power using field measurement. As a results, it was determined that the amount of irradiation was proportional to the amount of photovoltaic power in the field measurement. However, it was also identified that the PV power generation decreased by increased PV module surface temperatures due to irradiation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.54-54
• /
• 2010

In this study, the correlation between temperature and the gel-content of the module were analyzed through experiments. Amorphous thin-film solar cell used in this experiment has a visible light transmission performance of 10%. In addition, ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) film and the clear glass have been used for the modulation. The most important process is to laminate the module in the manufacturing process of BIPV(Building integrated photovoltaic) module. Setting parameters of laminator in the lamination process are temperature, pressure and time. Setting conditions significantly affect the durability, watertightness and airtightness of module. The most important factor in the setting parameters is temperature to satisfy the gel-contents. The bottom and top surface temperature of module are measured according to setting temperature of laminator. The results showed $145^{\circ}C$ of max temperature of the bottom surface and $128^{\circ}C$ of max temperature of top surface on the module at the temperature condition of $160^{\circ}C$. And at the another temperature condition of laminator with $150^{\circ}C$, the max temperature do bottom and top are $117^{\circ}C$ and $134^{\circ}C$ respectively. The temperature difference between bottom and top of the module occurred, that is because heat has been blocked by the clear glass and the bottom of the cells absorb the heat from the laminator. In this particular, the temperature difference between setting temperature of the laminator and the surface temperature of the module showed $15^{\circ}C$, because the heat of laminator plate is transferred to the surface of the module and heat is lost at this time. As a results, gel-content showed 94.8%, 88.7% and 81.7% respectively according to the setting temperature $155^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$ and $145^{\circ}C$ of the laminator. In conclusion, the surface temperature of module increases, the gel-contents is relatively increased. But if the laminator plate temperature is too high, the gel-content shows rather decline in performance. Furthermore, the temperature difference between setting temperature and the surface temperature of the module is affected by laminating machine itself and the temperature of module should be considered when setting the laminator.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2019

Recently, electric power usages and peak loads from buildings are increasing due to higher outdoor air temperatures and/or abnormal climate during the summer period. As one of the eco-friendly measures, a renewable energy system has been received much attention. Particularly, interest on a photovoltaic (PV) system using solar energy has been rapidly increasing in a building sector due to its broad applicability. In using the PV system, one of important factors is the PV efficiency. The normal PV efficiency is determined based on the STC(Standard Test Condition) and the NOCT(Nominal Operating Cell Temperature) performance test. However, the actual PV efficiency is affected by the temperature change at the module surface. Especially, higher module temperatures generally reduce the PV efficiency, and it leads to less power generation from the PV system. Therefore, the analysis of the relation between the module temperature and PV efficiency is required to evaluate the PV performance during the summer period. This study investigates existing algorithms for calculating module surface temperatures and analyzes resultant errors with the algorithms by comparing the measured module temperatures.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.45-48
• /
• 2009

This study evaluated the influence of temperature on the PV module surface on power output characteristics, especially for an amorphous transparent thin-film PV module which was applied to a full-scale mock-up model as building integrated photovoltaic system. The tested mock-up consisted of various slopes of PV module, facing to the south. The annual average temperature of the module installed with the slope of $30^{\circ}$ revealed $43.1^{\circ}C$, resulting in $7^{\circ}C$ higher than that measured in PV modules with the slope of $0^{\circ}$and $90^{\circ}$ did. This $30^{\circ}$ inclined PV module also showed the highest power output of 28.5W (measured at 2 PM) than other two modules having the power output of 20.4W and 14.9W in the same time for $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ in the slope, respectively. In case of the $30^{\circ}$ inclined PV module, it exhibited very uniform distribution of power output generation even under the higher temperature on the module surface. Consequently, the surface temperature of the PV module analyzed in this study resulted in 0.22% reduction in power output in every $1^{\circ}C$ increase of the module surface temperature.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제29권11호
• /
• pp.703-708
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigate the relationship between the peeling behavior of the backsheet of a photovoltaic(PV) module and its surface temperature in order facilitate removal of the backsheet from the PV module. At low temperatures, the backsheet does not peel off whereas, at high temperatures, part of the backsheet remains on the surface of the PV module after the peeling process. The backsheet material remaining on the surface of the PV module is confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis to be poly-ethylene(PE). Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) is also performed to investigate the interfacial characteristics of the layers of the PV module. In particular, DSC provides the melting temperature($T_m$) of laminated ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) and of the backsheet on the PV module. It is found that the backsheet does not peel off below the $T_m$ of ethylene of EVA, while the PE layer of the backsheet remains on the surface of the PV module above the $T_m$ of the PE. Thus, the backsheet is best removed at a temperature between the $T_m$ of ethylene and that of PE layer.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.1267-1275
• /
• 2002

An experimental study was performed to investigate adiabatic wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient around a module cooled by forced air flow. The flow angle of attack to the module were 0$^{\circ}$and 45$^{\circ}$. In the first method, inlet air flow(1~7m/s) and input power.(3, 5, 7W) were varied after a heated module was placed on an adiabatic floor(320$\times$550$\times$1㎣). An adiabatic wall temperature was determinated to use liquid crystal film. In the second method to determinate heat transfer coefficient, inlet air flow(1~7m/s) and the heat flux of rubber heater(0.031~0.062W/$m^2$) were varied after an adiabatic module was placed on rubber heater covering up an adiabatic floor. Additional information is visualized by an oil-film method of the surface flow on the floor and the module. Plots of $T_{ad}$ and $h_{ad}$ show marked effects of flow development from the module and dispersion of thermal wake near the module. Certain key features of the data set obtained by this investigation may serve as a benchmark for thermal-design codes based on CFD.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2006

The integration of PV modules into building facades or roof could raise PV module temperature that results in the reduction of electrical power generation. Lowering operating temperature of PV module is important in this respect, and PV module temperature should be considered more accurately, for building-integrated PV(BIPV) systems in predicting their performance. This paper describes a BIPV solar roof design and verifies its performance through experiment In relation to the effect of ventilation in space between PV module and roof surface. The results showed that the ventilation in the space had a positive effect in lowering the module temperature of the BIPV solar roof that enhanced the performance of its electricity generation.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Photovoltaic system is a technique for producing electrical power by utilizing solar energy, which can be used over 20 years with simple maintenance. However, in the case of photovoltaic systems, the energy conversion efficiency decreases as the surface temperature of module increases, compared with other renewable energy technologies. In this regard, PVT module can increase the energy utilization of a composite module as producing heat and electricity simultaneously by using solar energy. Currently, many researches have been promoting in order to develop a high efficiency PVT module in Korea. However, there are a few studies about the performance of the modules corresponding the shape of types and various heat exchangers of the PVT module. In this study, the electrical performance was measured by the change of the ambient temperature and the circulating water temperature using the fabricated PVT module. Method: Experiments were performed using a solar simulator. And this experiment was assumed that the weather condition was in each season, as winter, spring, autumn and summer. It was identified that the I-V curve associated with the change of the experimental conditions and confirmed the change in the electrical characteristics. Result: As a result, it was figured out that the surface temperature and the electrical performance changes in case conditions. The electrical performance was calculated in different temperature condition and the power production was confirmed by the change of module temperature.