• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.569-574
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• 2005

In this study, alginic acid that had an high affinity for a heavy metal and was noted for biological adsorbent was modified by an oxidizer, $KMnO_4$. Chemical modification changed hydroxyl of the alginic acid into carboxyl and compare with alginic acid, modified alginic acid exhibited a characteristics that carboxyl groups are comparatively high. For the use of them as an adsorbent, beads were prepared by dropping alginic acid and modified alginic acid solution in dilute 2 wt% $CaCl_2$ solution for non water soluble. The amount of removed $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ by modified alginic acid beads showed 84.7 mg and 90.9 mg per gram of beads, respectively. And it showed the amount of adsorbed heavy metal ions 10~20% higher than that of alginic acid beads in range of pH 4~7. In particular, modified alginic acid have a good adsorption capacity for $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ by Freundlich adsorption isotherm. According to this study, it is verified that alginic acid that is a nature high molecular substance improved capacity for actual application by increased heavy metal adsorption capacity by chemical modification.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.400-405
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• 2010

This study investigated lead adsorption by carboxylated alginic acid and its application in cleansing cosmetics. Carboxylated alginic acid showed the highest lead adsorptivity after oxidation in a 4-6 mM hydrogen peroxide solution at $20-30^{\circ}C$ for 30-40 min. Carboxylated alginic acid adsorbed $648.1{\pm}2.8-653.0{\pm}2.9$ mg/g of lead dry mass at pH 4-6. Carboxylated alginic acid modified by hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate adsorbed $651.3{\pm}3.8$ and $639.9{\pm}4.0$ mg/g of lead dry mass, respectively. Carboxylated alginic acid showed higher lead adsorptivity after modification by hydrogen peroxide than by potassium permanganate, with an increase of ~30% compared with raw alginic acid. To access the potential application of carboxylated alginic acid in cleansing cosmetics, we investigated the lead adsorptivity, conditions of the cosmetics procedure, and cytotoxicity of various concentrations of cleansing cosmetics added to 5% carboxylated alginic acid. The ideal cosmetic concentrations combined with 5% carboxylated alginic acid were 70% for peeling gel, 20% for massage cream, 20% for foam cleansing and 40% for cleansing cream. There was no cytotoxicity in cleansing cosmetics combined with 5% carboxylated alginic acid.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 1992

Graft polymers of alginic acid-PMMA, different in composition and Mv of branched PMMA, were prepared by emulsion graft polymerization at various MMA concentrations. In aqueous dispersion solution, the adsorption of graft polymer on the montmorillonite was carried out to modify the surface property of powder, and the adsorption of PMMA in organic solvents (acetone, benzene) on the modified surface of powder were observed. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In emulsion graft polymerization of MMA on the sodium alginate in aqueous solution, SA conversion, MMA conversion and % grafting were increased with increasing MMA concentration where as graft efficiency was decreased. 2. The adsorption amount of graft polymer was increased with the elevation of temperature and the increased of dispersion concentration and with the increase of branched PMMA composition of graft polymer. 3. In organic solvent, the adsorption of PMMA on the surface modified particle was proceeded by the orientation along the stretched branched PMMA of adsorbed graft polymer which is in radial direction to the particle surface. 4. The adsorbed amount of PMMA was increased as the temperature and concentration of PMMA solution, the branching of adsorbed graft polymer and the solvency of solvent were increased.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2005

Anatomical organization of Stoechospermum marginatum reveals small cortical cells with moderately dense cytoplasm, overlying a multilayered medulla comparatively poor in cytoplasmic contents. The anticlinal walls of cortical cells show local thickenings rich in alginic acids. Sori form on both thallus surfaces and show tetrasporangia, paraphyses and sterile-cells. The unicellular paraphyses are rich in sulphated polysaccharides whereas multicellular ones have abundance of not only polysaccharides, but also of vacuoles and phenols. The sterile-cells are modified cortical cells present on either side of the tetrasporangium and bear cytoplasmic strands towards soral cavity. Various stages of tetrasporogenesis are seen in a single sorus. The developing tetrasporangium shows a two layered wall, where the outer one is rich in alginic acid and inner has sulphated polysaccharides. An apical pad aids tetraspore release. Also involved in the release process are sterile-cells, paraphyses and polysaccharides.