• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-301
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• 2013

Objective : We conducted a retrospective study examining the outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to identify parameters associated with prognosis. Methods : From January 2001 to June 2008, we treated 32 ICH patients (21 men, 11 women; mean age, 62 years) with CKD. We surveyed patients age, sex, underlying disease, neurological status using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), ICH volume, hematoma location, accompanying intraventricular hemorrhage, anti-platelet agents, initial and 3rd day systolic blood pressure (SBP), clinical outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and complications. The severity of renal functions was categorized using a modified glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Multifactorial effects were identified by regression analysis. Results : The mean GCS score on admission was $9.4{\pm}4.4$ and the mean mRS was $4.3{\pm}1.8$. The overall clinical outcomes showed a significant relationship on initial neurological status, hematoma volume, and mGFR. Also, the outcomes of patients with a severe renal dysfunction were significantly different from those with mild/moderate renal dysfunction (p<0.05). Particularly, initial hematoma volume and sBP on the 3rd day after ICH onset were related with mortality (p<0.05). However, the other factors showed no correlation with clinical outcome. Conclusion : Neurological outcome was based on initial neurological status, renal function and the volume of the hematoma. In addition, hematoma volume and uncontrolled blood pressure were significantly related to mortality. Hence, the severity of renal function, initial neurological status, hematoma volume, and uncontrolled blood pressure emerged as significant prognostic factors in ICH patients with CKD.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.951-959
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of treatment with traditional Korean medicine on a patient with multiple cerebral infarction caused by posterior cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Yikgeebohyul-tang) and acupuncture. The effects of these treatments were evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test, the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, the Modified Rankin scale, and a subjective percentage of sensation in the left lower extremity and face. Results: After treatment, the Modified Rankin Scale score, subjective percentage of sensation in the left lower extremity, and gait disturbance improved. Conclusion: The results suggest that traditional Korean medicine may be effective for treating the symptoms of multiple cerebral infarction caused by posterior cerebral artery occlusion.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.786-795
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• 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Korean medicine treatment (TKM) on a patient with ACA infarction and hemorrhagic transformation with hemiplegia and urinary disturbance. Methods: A patient diagnosed with left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) infarction and hemorrhagic transformation was treated with electroacupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine. Results: Improvements in the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), modified Barthel Index (MBI), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and K-MMSE were observed following the TKM treatment [MMT Gr. (3/0)→Gr. (4+/4+), MBI 20→89, NIHSS 8→2, mRS 5→1, MMSE-K 21→28]. Conclusion: TKM treatment could help improve the symptoms of patients with ACA infarction and hemorrhagic transformation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 2003

Purpose : In order to study the effectiveness of East-West pain treatment on central poststroke pain(CPSP), we evaluated its effect on alleviation of pain and rehabilitation of CPSP patients who were treated with eletroacupuncture and west pain treatment for four weeks. Methods : Twenty four patients diagnosed by their pain characteristics of central pain form stroke were treated with sympathetic nerve block, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and electroacupuncture for four weeks. Pain intensity through the visual analogue scale(VAS), and improvements of mobility and rehabilitation through the modified Barthel index(MBI) and Rankin scale(RS), respectively, before and after pain treatment were also assessed. Results : VAS pain scores were significantly improved from $7.7{\pm}1.7$ to $4.4{\pm}2.0$ with pain treatment(p<0.05). In accordance with improvement of ain scores, RS and MBI scores ere also improved from $2.88{\pm}0.95$ to $2.13{\pm}1.01$ and from $83.0{\pm}16.9$ to $94.7{\pm}9.5$(p<0.05), respectively, with pain treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : It was suggested that the active pain treatment was contributed to the rehabilitation of CPSP patients, resulting in improvement of quality of life of CPSP patients. Futhermore, East pain treatment in combination with West pain treatment may be useful modality to alleviate CPSP.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2017

Objectives: This case study evaluated the effectiveness of Chengsimyeonja-tang-gamibang (Gamicheongsim-tang and Cheongsimsunhwal-tang) in a patient with a pontine hemorrhage and quadriparesis, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Methods: A patient diagnosed with a pontine hemorrhage was treated with Chengsimyeonja-tang-gamibang (Gamicheongsim-tang and Cheongsimsunhwal-tang) acupuncture, and moxibustion. The manual muscle test (MMT), modified Barthel index (MBI), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), and Articulatory Functional Ability of Achievement Scale were administered. Results: Improvements in the MMT, MBI, NIHSS, mRS, and K-MMSE were observed after the treatment. The MMT grade increased from Rt. 3/3- and Lt. 3/3- pretreatment to Rt. 4/4 and Lt. 4+/4+ post-treatment. The MBI increased from 10 to 50 post-treatment. The NIHSS decreased from 24 to 6 post-treatment, and the mRS fell from 5 to 4 post-treatment. Finally, the MMSE-K increased from 0 to 24 post-treatment. The Articulatory Functional Ability of Achievement Scale also improved. Conclusion: This study shows that Chengsimyeonja-tang-gamibang can be used to treat the symptoms of patients with a pontine hemorrhage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 2015

Objective : To determine the advantages of parietal approach compared to Kocher's point approach for spontaneous, oval-shaped intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with expansion to the parietal region. Methods : We divided patients into two groups : group A had burr holes in the parietal bone and group B had burr holes at Kocher's point. The hematoma volume, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and modified Barthel Index (mBI) score were calculated. At discharge, we evaluated the patients' Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, motor grade, and hospitalization duration. We evaluated the patients' mBI scores and motor grades at 6 months after surgery. Results : The hematoma volume in group A was significantly less than that in group B on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Group A had significantly higher GCS scores than did group B on postoperative days 1 and 3. Group A had higher mBI scores postoperatively than did group B, but the scores were not significantly different. No differences were observed for the GOS score, mRS score, motor grade at discharge, or duration of hospitalization. The mBI score of group A at 6 months after surgery was significantly higher, and more patients in group A showed muscle strength improvement. Conclusion : In oval-shaped ICH with expansion to the parietal region, the parietal approach is considered to improve the clinical symptoms at the acute phase by removing the hematoma more effectively in the early stages. The parietal approach might help promote the long-term recovery of motor power.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.262-267
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• 2012

Objective : We aimed to investigate the correlation between the success of recanalization and a modified version of the Qureshi grading system in acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) records of 37 patients who were evaluated by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and a modified version of the Qureshi grading systems as follows : 1) post-IAT Qureshi grade, 2) modified ${\Delta}$ Qureshi grade : pre-IAT group grade - post-IAT group grade (grade 1 : Qureshi grades 0-2 and grade 2 : Qureshi grade 3-5) and 3) ${\Delta}$ Qureshi grade (post-IAT Qureshi grade - pre-IAT Qureshi grade). Successful recanalization was defined as follows : 1) post-IAT TIMI grades 2 and 3, 2) post-IAT Qureshi grade 0-2, 3) modified ${\Delta}$ Qureshi grade=1, and 4) ${\Delta}$ Qureshi grade of ${\geq}2$ and/or post-IAT Qureshi grade=0. We investigated the correlation between the post-IAT TIMI grade and the modified Qureshi grade and also compared the various grading systems with modified Rankin Scale scores for evaluating the clinical outcome at 3 months. Results : The post-IAT Qureshi grade and ${\Delta}$ Qureshi grade and/or post-IAT Qureshi grade were significantly correlated with the TIMI grade (${\gamma}$=0.976 and, 0.942, respectively). Further, post-IAT Qureshi grade and ${\Delta}$ Qureshi grade and/or post-IAT Qureshi grade showed a significantly stronger association with clinical outcome than did the post-IAT TIMI grade (p=0.001 and, 0.000 vs. 0.083, respectively). Conclusion : Our preliminary results suggest that the modified Qureshi grading system is a useful tool for assessing the success of recanalization after IAT.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the functional state of stroke patients after discharge from hospital. Methods : The data was provided from a hospital in Wonju, Gangwon-do. The subjects of the analysis were those who were admitted to the emergency room due to stroke from July to December 2016. The dependent variable was the patient's functional status as measured by the modified Rankin Scale(mRS). Independent variables were demographic factors (age, sex, and marriage status), transportation and distance factors (transportation, travel distance), inpatient factors (lengths of stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Tissue plasminogen activator, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Hierarchial regression analysis was applied for the analysis. Results : In the hierarchical regression analysis, Model 3, including socio-demographic factors, transportation, distance factors, and inpatient factors, was the best fitted model. It showed that functional status of stroke patients was positively associated with age, length of stay, CCI, NIHSS, and negatively associated with unmarried status. Conclusions : Results indicated that management of stroke requires care from the pre-disease stage, and a customized education program policy is needed for high-risk stroke patients who are older and have comorbid illness.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

Objective: The decision to adopt a conservative or surgical modality for a relatively small volume of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is difficult and often controversial, especially when consciousness is tolerable. The authors examined the results of stereotactic-guided evacuation of SICH for relatively small volumes with respect to functional outcome. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 387 patients with SICH who underwent stereotactic-guided evacuation (n = 204, group A) or conservative treatment (n = 183, group B) during the past 8 years. The primary end-point was recovery of functional status, which was estimated using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: All patients had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of $\geq$ 13 and unilateral hemiparesis of less than motor power grade 3. Group demographic characteristics and initial neurological statuses were similar. In all cases, the volume of SICH involved was < 30 cm$^3$ and location was limited to basal ganglia and thalamus. At 6-month follow-ups, MBI was 90.9 in group A and 62.4 in group B (p < 005), and MRS was 1.2 in group A and 3.0 in group B (p < 0.05). Better motor function and stereotactic-guided evacuation had a significant effect on a functional recovery in regression analyses. Conclusion: Even in patients with a small volume of SICH, stereotactic-guided evacuation improved functional recovery in activities in daily life than conservative treatment did.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.1131-1141
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• 2021

Objective: This study examined the case of a 63-year-old man with a history of hypertension and gout who had developed an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of the right basal ganglia of the corona radiata. Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Boyanghwanoh-tang and powdered Oryeong-san extract), Western medicine (Anticonvulsants, antihypertensive drugs, psychotropic agents, and others), acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and rehabilitative therapy. Their effects were evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Korean version of the modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), National Institute of Health's Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: After treatment, the MMT grade improved from 3/3+ to 4+/4+. Additionally, the K-MBI score improved from 62 to 77. Conclusion: The results suggest that combined traditional Korean and Western medicine can effectively treat patients with ICH.