• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2001

적분방정식법은 매우 강력한 3차원 전자탐사 모델링 기법이다. 그러나 이 방법은 이상체내의 전기장 계산시 대형 선형방정식의 해를 구해야 하므로 계산시간이 많이 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 특히 3차원 역산의 경우에는 이러한 적분방정식의 단점은 치명적이 될 수밖에 없다. 이상체내의 전기장을 1차장으로 가정하는 통상적인 Born 근사법은 계산이 용이하고 속도가 빠르다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 이상체와 모암간의 전기전도도비가 너무 클 경우에는 정확성에 문제가 있다. 준선형, 준해석 및 확장된 Born 근사는 이상체내의 전기장 계산을 위한 적분방정식을 선형화한 방법으로 적분방정식법에 비하여 계산시간이 빠르고 통상의 Born 근사에 비해서는 정확성이 높은 매우 훌릉한 3차원 전자탐사 모델링 기법이다. 그러나 이들 또한 근본적으로 근사법에 해당되므로 정확성을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 근사법의 정확성을 높이기 위한 방법으로 반복적 방법을 사용하는 급수 전개법이 동원되며, 이 방법에는 수정 Born 급수, 준선형 급수 및 준해석 급수 등이 있다. 이들 급수 전개법은 적분방정식법 및 여러 근사법과 비교해 볼 때 매우 정확하고 비교적 빠르며, 항상 수렴하여 그 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 급수 전개법은 전산프로그램의 작성이 용이하다는 장점도 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 확장된 Born 급수 전개법으로 화장하여 보다 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 확장된 Born 급수법을 포함하는 각종 급수 전개법은 향후 3차원 전자탐사 모델링 및 역산에 적용 가능한 빠르고 정확한 모델링 기법으로 기대된다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the role of siblings with respect to living arrangements between married children and their parents. Previous studies have rarely considered the possibility that family context such as siblings may be associated with intergenerational residential proximity. Method: Using data from first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006), I investigated if, among married children, their sibling characteristics may be associated with the probability of their coresiding with the parent(s), living nearby (within a 30-minute distance from parent(s) by public transportation), or living further away. Specifically, the total numbers of sisters and brothers, the numbers of siblings coresiding with the parent(s) and living nearby, their relative position in the sibling network (first-born son, later-born son, first-born daughter, later-born daughter), and sibship existence and gender configurations (only child, son with brother(s) only, son with sister(s) only, son with both brother(s) and sister(s), daughter with brother(s) only, daughter with sister(s) only, daughter with both brother(s) and sister(s)) were evaluated in the study. For data analysis, multinomial logit models with robust standard errors were estimated using the Stata mlogit procedure. Results: Results suggest that the probability of a married child living together with the parent(s), relative to living close by, was significantly higher the more sisters he or she has. Being a son, especially first-born son, was associated with a higher probability of intergenerational coresidence compared to near residence, respectively. Also, the numbers of siblings coresiding with the parent(s) and living in close proximity were linked to a higher risk of intergenerational coresidence and near residence. Supplementary analyses revealed that the last finding was held over and above the total number of siblings, their relative position in the sibling network, as well as sibling existence and gender configurations. Conclusion: Overall, the study findings indicate that sibling characteristics have significant impacts on intergenerational living arrangement. The influence of traditional patrilineal norm of intergenerational coresidence and a trend towards modified extended family have emerged when siblings characteristics are taken into consideration as determinants of intergenerational living arrangement.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7~8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr. Hashiyada(2001), 296 pairs of split-half embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs. Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1988, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a glaf of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us as effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle. 6. Farm animal cloning is one of the most dreamful technologies of 21th century. It is necessary to develop this technology more efficient and stable as realistic technology of the farm animal production. We are making researches related to the best condition of donor cells for high productivity of cloning, genetic analysis of cloned animals, growth and performance abilities of clone cattle and pathological and genetical analysis of high rates of abortion and stillbirth of clone calves (about 30% of periparutum mortality). 7. It is requested in the report of Ministry of Health, labor and Welfare to make clear that carbon-copy cattle(somatic cell clone cattle) are safe and heathy for a commercial market since the somatic cell cloning is a completely new technology. Fattened beef steers (well-proved normal growth) and milking cows(shown a good fertility) are now provided for the assessment of food safety.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes Collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7 -8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr.Hashiyada (2001), 296 pairs of split-half-embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs.Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1998, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a half of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us an effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2006

Infants who are born prematurely or with low birth weight should be immunized at the same postnatal chronologic age. They should receive BCG, DTaP, IPV vaccines according to the same recommended schedule as full term infants. Hepatitis B vaccine schedule is modified when hepatitis B vaccine is administered a infant with birth weight less than 2,000 g. The recommended standard dose of each vaccine should be administered. Proportion of children experiencing vaccine-related adverse events dose not differ between full-term and preterm infants. Immunization with routinely recommended childhood vaccines is safe for preterm and low birth weight infants.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Objective : To study the effect of early intervention and rehabilitation in the expression of aquaporin-4 and ultrastructure changes on cerebral palsy pups model induced by intrauterine infection. Methods : 20 pregnant Wistar rats were consecutively injected with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally. 60 Pups born from lipopolysaccharide group were randomly divided into intervention group (n=30) and non-intervention group (n=30); intervention group further divided into early intervention and rehabilitation group (n=10), acupuncture group (n=10) and consolidate group (n=10). Another 5 pregnant rats were injected with normal saline intraperitoneally; 30 pups born from the normal saline group were taken as control group. The intervention group received early intervention, rehabilitation and acupuncture treatment. The motor functions of all pups were assessed via suspension test and modified BBB locomotor score. Aquaporin-4 expression in brain tissue was studied through immunohistochemical and western-blot analysis. Ultrastructure changes in damaged brain and control group were studied electron-microscopically. Results : The scores of suspension test and modified BBB locomotor test were significantly higher in the control group than the intervention and non intervention group (p<0.01); higher in the intervention group than the non-intervention group (p<0.01). The expression of Aquaporin-4 was lower in intervention and non intervention group than in the control group (p<0.01); also lower in non-intervention group than the intervention group (p<0.01). Marked changes were observed in ultrastructure of cortex and hippocampus CAI in brain damaged group. Conclusion : Early intervention and rehabilitation training can improve the motor function in offspring with brain injury and reduce the expression of aquaporin-4 in damaged brain.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2023

외부 온도 변화에 따른 특성변화가 적어야 하는 자동차 부품용 코팅제는 외부 환경 변화에 의한 노이즈 특성 변화가 매우 중요하다. 이에 내한성, 내후성, 내마모성이 우수한 연질의 폴리우레탄과 하이드록시 말단 혹은 곁사슬이 아민으로 변성된 폴리실록산 등이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 각각의 폴리머 성분들이 노이즈에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 수분산 폴리우레탄을 합성하였고, 폴리실록산, ultra high molecular polypropylene (UHMWPP) 분말, 카본블랙, 소광제를 첨가하여 코팅제를 제조하였다. 수분산 폴리우레탄의 hard/soft 세그먼트의 함량을 27.1%/72.9%, 아민으로 변성된 폴리실록산과 하이드록시 말단 폴리실록산이 2:7의 비율에서 노이즈의 발생이 가장 적었으며, 마찰자가 고속에서 움직일 때 마찰계수의 차이가 컸다. 또한 SiO₂를 UHMWPP 분말로 대체함으로써, 노이즈가 감소하였으며 광택도 또한 감소하였다.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2017

디지털 기록의 생산과 이관으로 인해 파일 단위 기반의 기록물 기술체계가 근본적으로 변화하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 디지털 기록관리 환경에서 기록물의 지적 통제를 유지하고, 지속적인 이용자의 기록물 접근을 지원하기 위한 기록물 기술방식을 TNA의 사례를 통해 분석하였다. TNA는 ISAD(G)를 바탕으로 보존기록을 기술해 왔으며, 디지털 기록의 기술을 위해서는 자체적으로 기술 관행을 수정하였다. 디지털 기록으로 인해 이제는 기존의 ISAD(G) 방식만을 고수할 수 없게 되었고, ICA에서도 차세대 표준인 RiC을 개발하는 중이다. 그러나 국제적인 움직임 외에도 우리 환경에 맞는 기록물 기술체계를 구축하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 특히 2000년 이후 TNA의 온라인 목록체계는 변했고, 이 과정에서 자체적으로 ISAD(G)를 변형하였다. TNA의 사례는 기관이 당면한 문제를 스스로 해결하기 위한 자생력 강화의 필요성을 일깨워 준다. 이와 더불어 본 연구에서는 디지털 방식의 기록물 기술 결과에 대한 지속적인 모니터링, 아날로그 기록과 디지털 기록의 통합적 접근 제공, 불확실한 디지털 미래를 향한 실험과 협력의 강화를 제안하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.675-678
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• 2009

$Fe_2O_3,\;Ag_2O,\;CaWO_4$ and $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb loaded on titanium dioxide photocatalysts (P25, Degussa) were prepared by a calcination. Their composite films containing water-born polyurethane used as a material for immobilization were obtained by spray coating technique. The photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide films was characterized by decrease of UV-vis absorption spectra for methylene blue and gas chromatography for photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde diluted in water. It was shown that the $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb modified titanium dioxide films had good photocatalytic properties and followed the first-order kinetic model with regard to photocatalytic decoloration of methylene blue. Especially in formaldehyde photodegradation experiment, decrease rate of concentration of the titanium dioxide films with $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb modifying was about 35% larger than that of the unloaded titanium dioxide film.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.314-319
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• 1985

Nineteen patients with various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease underwent systemic-pulmonary artery shunts with a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] graft between September, 1983, and April, 1985. Age ranged from 3 months to 18 years, and seven of them were less than 12 months old. There were seventeen Great Ormond Street type of modified Blalock-Taussig shunts, and two central polytetrafluoroethylene shunt [ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery]. There was one postoperative death [1/19=5.3%] in a 10 Kg child born with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect associated with patent ductus arteriosus. He had another anomaly of imperforated anus. Relief from cyanosis was achieved in other eighteen patients with variable degree. Eighteen survivors have been followed up from 1 month to 19 months. Clinical status, auscultation, oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood, and hemoglobin have been used to establish shunt patency in all survivors. By above criteria, all survivors have good patent shunt.