• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.171-190
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• 2011

Shakespeare's plays deploy an interesting array of food signs in a way to illuminate the historical process of what Stephen Mennell has described as "the civilizing of appetite"-a process in which the changes of food choices and eating habits took place in response to the changes in people's way of life and personality structure over the long-term modern period since the middle ages. Shakespeare's plays suggest that the civilizing of appetite in early modern England was heavily affected by the forces of social mobility as well as the nascent market economy. The Capulets' costly preparation of Juliet's wedding banquet is a showcase of conspicuous consumption which was a structural necessity for the ruling class in Shakespeare's time. Some fifteen years later, the same kinds of foodstuffs are included in a shepherd's shopping list for the sheepshearing festival in Winter's Tale. This is a significant coincidence to prove that food was an important source of emulation and contest among different social classes; and that the rich diet of the upper class gave impetus to social mobility. The Elizabethan subjects, especially among the elite noblemen, were interpellated by the ideology of food that equated the quality of food and the eater's social identity. Faced with bankruptcy as a consequence of his extravagant consumption habit, Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice testifies to the gripping ideology of food onto early modern people, while Poor Tom in King Lear presents a comic parody of the rich people's conspicuous waste. Also in Coriolanus and The Merry Wives of Winsor, Shakespeare uses food as a metaphor for class-motivated social struggles.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.937-959
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• 2009

The Queen of the Air, John Ruskin-s highly elliptical publication of 1869, elaborates a complex mythology as a way of responding to the prevalence of scientific thinking, widespread environmental degradation, the pernicious effects of political economy, and mechanistic labor. Benjamin-s desire to rescue human experience from prevailing scientific conceptions is reminiscent of Ruskin-s fear that the peculiar power that shapes the unities of the natural world is simultaneously being "beaten down by the philosophers into a metal or evolved by them into a gas" and obscured by the dreams and theories of philosophers and theologians. As a critic remarks, in Benjamin-s-and, we would add, Ruskin-s-view, "what the modern era lacked was a basis for continuity which would prevent experience from disintegrating into a desultory and meaningless series of events." Despite its frenetic hyper-associativity, then, The Queen of the Air contains a key element that Benjamin believes is necessary for "redemption": the desire for a new form of consciousness that recognizes links to the past and thus to the longings and dreams of our forebears. Thus, although Ruskin most immediately influences Proust, who in turn influences Benjamin, Benjamin-s thought is far more Ruskinian than critics have heretofore observed. Just as Benjamin helps us make sense of the ways in which The Queen of the Air is caught in the grip of the shocking associativity of modern life, so Ruskin assists us in discerning similar impulses in Benjamin-s attraction to a form of archaic consciousness that can, by altering the modern form of perception, reenchant the present.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.443-459
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• 2008

This paper examines the discourse of masturbation in modern England and aims to re-draw the map of male sexuality related to such issues as nation, empire, family, and economy. It argues that the discourse of masturbation in modern England reflects national anxieties for the future of empire and an economic concern for unproductive sexual behavior, which were the main factors to transform masturbation into "solitary vice." The anxieties about empire and British dominance were constituted as the core of the anti-masturbation discourse on the boys. The imperial destiny was regarded to depend on the protection of the middle- and upper-class boys from the harmful psychological and physiological effects of masturbation represented in Lawrence's "The Rocking-Horse Winner." In the case of a single male, the concern for masturbation is constructed as a concern about economy, family, and human solidarity. As seen in Eliot's Silas Marner, the act of masturbation was condemned as the fulfillment of illegitimate sexual desire outside the familial sphere and a commercial economy, and thus without the possibility of human community. Silas Marner and Meredith's The Ordeal of Richard Feverel show the ways of reconstituting sexual others as normalized subjects: Boys were forced to be asexual through the regime of surveillance; and a single male was required to enroll in a remedial course on familial respectability.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.299-320
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• 2024

Traditional culture contributes to the diversification of modern fashion design and the inheritance of local cultural identity. This study aims to identify the characteristics of traditional handicrafts reflected in modern fashion design in India. For this purpose, it focused on Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Manish Malhotra, and Ritu Kumar, who are currently leading the Indian fashion design field. The methodology involved conducting literature research and analyzing case studies. In the literature, the techniques of Indian traditional crafts such as embroidery, dyeing, and weaving were examined and five design elements of traditional crafts were defined. Through content analysis of 30 images from the three designers' Instagram accounts, the design characteristics of traditional handicrafts expressed in contemporary Indian fashion design were derived: cultural inheritance using traditional Indian clothing items, traditional materials and practices applied to contemporary clothing, craftsmanship that artistically improves complex details using embroidery techniques, various combinations based on the traditional meaning of colors, and narrative expression using patterns containing India's cultural identity. Incorporating these traditional handicrafts into fashion design, closely linked to everyday life, aids in conveying and enhancing their significance. The cases demonstrate the successful integration of conservation into contemporary fashion design. This study sheds light on the application of traditional culture in modern fashion design.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.16
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• pp.29-63
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to describe the phenomena of reading classical Korean literature in middle school classrooms. This is one of a series of fundamental works to seek a desirable direction for classical Korean literature education. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was investigated which classical Korean literature middle school students read. As a result, it was found that the students read the works given mostly in their Korean language textbooks. A modern language is used for classical Korean literature in middle school textbooks. The textbooks have the largest number of tales with four pieces, followed by novels, essays, and sijos, Korean verses. Secondly, it was investigated how middle school students read classical Korean literature. It was found that they read it in class mainly through one-way lecturing by teachers. As a result of conducting a questionnaire survey of students and teachers, it was found that the lessons in classical Korean literature did not fulfill the students' expectations. Thirdly, my own real teaching cases were arranged to be presented, in connection with the matter why students should read classical Korean literature. This matter is embodied with a teacher's short verbal explanation focusing on motivation concerning the object of study.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.80-95
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• 2012

This study covers the literature of theoretical backgrounds of royal ceremonial hair styles during Chosun Dynasty and demonstrates reproduction works of those hair styles reinterpreted in modern methods. As for the Chosun royal hair styles for ceremonies, there are Daesoo, Gudoomi, and Euyoumi for a royal queen, royal concubines, and royal lady attendants of Nae Myung Boo, department of general affairs of the royal court. These hair styles represents well that Chosun Dynasty kept its own class symbols through hair styles, which is valuable cultural resources of Korean traditional beauties. This study compares the new reproduction works of Daesoo, Gudoomi, and Euyoumi with existing literature pieces and related photos for clear understanding of these traditional hair styles. This study aims to activate the relevant researches into Korean traditonal hair styles, their reproduction methods and applicable usages in Modern Korea as well as useful data for them.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.135-150
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• 2018

Focusing on the hermeneutic instability of a key word of Paradise Lost, "wander," this study attempts to situate John Milton's early modern epic in the longue $dur{\acute{e}}e$ historical transition from seignorial to capitalist mode of production, especially the displacement and reorganization of producer population, a corollary of early phase of modernization. The historic experience of vagrancy and its normalization, and the concomitant shift of the primary human sociability from given to voluntary bonds, I suggest, shape and inform Milton's early modern rewriting of the Biblical story of the fall and his revising of the heroic epic romance into a plebeian romance of a wandering, companionate couple. While building on the critical consensus on this poem's deliberate distancing from the tradition of classical epic and chivalric romance, this essay argues that Milton re-appropriates and re-channels the aspirational aspect of chivalric wandering, or mobility, for his plebeian heroes, a companionate conjugal couple. The hermeneutic instability of the word wander, this essay suggests, captures the duality of the historic experience of vagrancy, both the tragic experience of displacement and the liberational and uplifting dimension of that experience.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2017

Chinese literature once had its splendid era in the Tang and Song Dynasties culminating in Tang poetry and influencing the literatures of its neighboring countries. However, during the past centuries, it has largely been "marginalized" on the map of world literature. On the one hand, large numbers of foreign literary works, especially those from Western countries, have been translated into Chinese, exerting a huge influence on the formation of a sort of modern Chinese literary tradition. On the other hand, few contemporary Chinese literary works have been translated into the major foreign languages. With the help of the rise and flourishing of comparative literature, contemporary Chinese literature has been moving toward the world and had its own Nobel laureate. The author, after analyzing the reasons why Chinese literature has been "marginalized," argues that Chinese literature will develop steadily in the age of globalization. Globalization in China has undergone three steps: first, it has made China passively involved in this irresistible trend; second, the country has then quickly adapted itself to this trend; and third, China has started to play an increasingly leading role in the first decade of the present century. In this way, contemporary Chinese literature and comparative literature studies will steadily develop with the help of the "Belt and Road" initiative.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2003

Seamus Heaney, a famous Irish poet after Yeats, has written some pastoral lyrics from his experiences of farm life and childhood memories. These poems, in spite of his simple overt praise of a rustic farm life, have layers of meaning with their vast allusiveness and implications. He is an extremely literary writer dealing with history from the Celtic myth and a long English literary history. Though his style reminds that of a Victorian poet through his allusions of nature, he is a modern poet of innovative skills and senses. The explication of his representative sonnet sequence, the "Glanmore Sonnets" will reveal exquisite, complicated poetics of a modern poet. The poems are basically love poems, and the love is directed to his beloved wife, his lifetime companion. The poems relate the cultivation of a land to the poet's excavating language from the classics and to the images of love making. Through a careful reading of the sonnets this article will broaden our knowledge on how a modern love lyric of layered meanings can retain the past tradition in its complicated poetics.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.703-716
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• 2010

The objective of the study is to analyze expressions of modern fashion in relation to design principle of a science theory, fractal geometry, in order to identify various and multi-layered expressions of fashion. As for methodology, the study interprets principle and characteristics of fractal geometry based on literature review in areas of linguistic, philosophy, sociology and science. The research identifies expressive characteristics of fractal through empirical studies, and applies them to fashion in order to analyze how fractal design principles are reflected in modern fashion in terms of form and significance. Fractal aesthetics pursue order, balance, diversity and openness among disorder and insecurity. They are closely related to the function of modern fashion that works as a multi-layered code, instead of being confined to conventional idea about fashion that "functions" as "wear."