• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.683-696
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• 2019

This study examined the nutritional status and dietary behaviors of university students in Gangwon-do as well as the effects of dietary education on them. Forty college students were recruited, and their dietary lifestyle was examined using an Adult NQ questionnaire before and after dietary education. The questionnaire items were grouped into four categories: balance, diversity, moderation, and dietary behavior. The mean NQ score out of 100 was 48.00. Among the three grades of the NQ grade criteria, most subjects (50%) were in the lowest grade, which was poor. The mean scores of the NQ factors were highest for moderation (68.76%), followed in order by diversity (50.81%), dietary behavior (45.66%), and balance (21.01%). Compared to the criterion value, moderation was only good, and balance was the worst. These results suggest that the nutritional status of the subjects is poor. On the other hand, there was a significant change in the areas of the NQ score (53.7), balance (29.22) and dietary behavior (56.77) after dietary education. Nevertheless, the 'balance' area remained lower than the average, highlighting the need for education on food intake to enable diverse food intake.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.19-30
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• 2020

Purpose: As an environmental concern increases, customers pay more attention to purchase organic food. While customers' purchase intention of organic food has been widely studied, there are lacks of researches regarding the moderation effect of environmental concern and the interactive effect of level of education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This study examines the influence of level of education and environmental concern on purchase intention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and organic food in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: The methodology of mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative is applied with a survey of 420 customers being conducted to collect data from three biggest cities in Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh, DaNang and Hanoi. SPSS 23 and SMART-PLS 3.2 are used for data analysis. Results: The result shows that the customers have more environmental concern which increases their attitude to the intention of purchasing organic food. Moreover, there has not the three-way interactive effect of level of education, environmental concern and attitude on purchase intention toward organic food. Conclusions: This enriches the existing literature with the moderation of environmental concern to the relationship between attitude and purchase intention toward organic food in Vietnam based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2022

This study examined the effect of railway traffic controllers' negative perception of organizational culture on their job demand and job satisfaction in relation to the moderating effect of self-efficacy. Results showed that the aggressive/defensive culture based on power and competition, had a positive (+) effect on job demand and job satisfaction. On the other hand, in the conditional process model in which self-efficacy affects the relationship between organizational culture, job demand, and job satisfaction, self-efficacy played a significant role in lowering the level of job demand, and it contributed to the increase of job satisfaction through a mediating effect. This results suggest the needs for lowering the level of job demand by changing the present aggressive/defensive organizational culture into the constructive one. And also, much consideration for maintaining the level of their self-efficacy should be spent.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the distribution of income diversification in improving the financial sustainability of private universities amidst difficulties in operational funding during the Covid-19 pandemic with IT Capability moderation. Research design, data and methodology: Closed survey aimed at 468 financial sector leaders from 189 private universities in ten provinces in Indonesia. Results: All income diversification activity variables have a significant positive effect on financial sustainability. In the analysis of liquidity indicators, there are two activities that have a significant positive effect, namely goods and services (β=0.337) and profitable financial management (β=0.124). Furthermore, the results of the solvency indicator test obtained significant positive results in Goods and Services Activities (β=0.337), Commercial Intellectuals (β=0.161), Commercial Contracts (β=0.103), and Profitable Financial Management (β=0.147). The results of the test of higher education growth indicators on three activities have a significant positive effect, namely Goods and Services (β = 0.290), Endowments (β = 0.158), and Commercial Contracts (β = 0.134). The results of the moderation test conclude that IT Capability strengthens the effect of income diversification on financial sustainability. Conclusion: The results of the study as a recommendation for private universities in developing income diversification with information system technology-based management.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

The meaning of luxury varies by individuals. The differing luxury perceptions should influence the way individuals react to relevant marketing programs for luxury. Limited research exists on the topic despite interest in luxury segmentation and consumer-oriented values for luxury in marketplaces. Referring to the conceptual framework by Wiedmann et al. (2007), we explored the moderation role of four dimensions of luxury value perceptions (LVP; financial, functional, individual, and social dimensions), in the relationship between in-store emotion and perceived brand luxury. A total of 218 U.S. consumers participated in our online survey using a hypothetical luxury store image. The results revealed the following: First, on the relationship between felt pleasure and perceived brand luxury (PBL), the financial dimension of LVP only showed a significant moderation effect. Second, the effect of felt arousal on PBL was moderated by the financial and social dimensions of LVP. Lastly, the individual dimension of LVP only moderated the relationship between felt dominance and PBL. Theoretical and managerial implications are suggested.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Purpose - This study examined workplace bullying as a situational antecedent of workaholism and burnout as a consequence of workaholism and explored the mediating role of workaholism and the moderation effect of perceived organizational support. Research design, data, and methodology - This study collected data from 319 employees in South Korean companies through a survey method. Results - First, job-related bullying promotes a compulsive and excessive drive to work. However, person-related bullying was positively related to the tendency to work excessively hard. Second, only working excessively shows positive relationship with only exhaustion excepting cynicism. Third, although bullied employees may reserve their personal resources through workaholism in short time, it drives them to be workaholic, which leads them exhausted in turn. Finally, perceived organizational support decreases the effect of job-related bulling on both of working compulsively and working excessively. Conclusions - First, this study suggests workplace bullying as a situational antecedent and verify burnout as a consequence of workaholism. Second, it investigate the mediating role of workaholism and the moderation effect of perceived organizational support. Practically, When they find workaholic employees, they should investigate if workplace bullying exists through face-to-face talk. If necessary, they should decide personal transfer to the other department or work team.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.126-147
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• 2023

This study investigates the effects of the fulfillment of self-motivation including self-development, self-therapy, and self-presentation on the outcomes such as subjective quality of life, omnivorous cultural engagement, and visitor loyalty via visitor satisfaction in art museums. The analyses on 285 valid survey responses demonstrated that fulfillment of self-development and self-therapy needs have significant positive influence on visitor satisfaction. The effect of fulfilling self-presentation need on visitor satisfaction was found to be moderated by attitude toward SNS posting, while the age factor, based on generations, did not show a significant moderation effect. It was also found that visitor satisfaction positively influences visitor loyalty, including intentions of revisit and recommendation. Increased satisfaction also enhances subjective QOL and omnivorous cultural engagement among art museum visitors, implying promising collaboration among cultural arts institutions. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications for enhancing visitor experiences and promoting diverse cultural engagement. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.722-731
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• 2016

Previous findings on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors is a useful index for effectiveness of the organization. Also, it is a factor that explains the relation between its member's attitude and behavior as organizational commitment had been stabilized. Since autonomy and rapidity has become more important in increasing the efficiency of the organization, this means Organizational Citizenship Behaviors has become important in it. Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of the members occurs only when discretion and autonomy are given to its members. Therefore, this study aimed at measuring the effects of police officer's personal dispositions on organizational citizenship behaviors, exploring the moderation effect of organization culture, and providing the basis with implications to promote the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in the police Organization. By reviewing previous finding, Police Officer's Personal Dispositions were selected as independent variables, Organizational Citizenship Behaviors was selected as dependent variable. and Organizational Culture was selected as moderation variable. The result of analysis showed that The belief & The Norm influenced in Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(positive), and The Value in Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(negative). And The moderation effect was tested: The Value${\rightarrow}$Hierarchical Culture${\rightarrow}$Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(negative), The belief${\rightarrow}$Rational Culture${\rightarrow}$Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(negative)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyzes the association between depression, emotional eating, and dietary practices, and investigates the mediating effects of emotional eating between depression and dietary practice. Methods: A total of 345 women aged 40-59 years participated in the Seoul and Gyeonggido region. Assessments were achieved by self-reported questionnaires for emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), Nutrition Quotients (NQ), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Results: Analyzing the NQ scores by considering the depression group, revealed that compared to the normal group, balance, diversity, and eating behavior scores were lower in the depression group, whereas the moderation score was lower in the borderline depression group and depression group. The emotional eating scores were determined to be higher in the depression group than in the normal group. Partial correlation analysis between depression, emotional eating, and NQ revealed that depression is positively correlated with emotional eating and negatively correlated with all other factors of the nutrition quotient, balance, diversity, moderation, and eating behavior. Among the nutrition quotient factors considered, emotional eating was determined to be negatively correlated with both diversity and moderation. The bootstrapping method was applied to analyze the mediating effect of emotional eating for determining the association between depression and NQ. Results indicate that among the nutrition quotient factors evaluated using emotional eating as a medium, depression exerted a negative effect on moderation. Conclusion: Results of this study confirm that emotional eating, as a medium, affects the intake of unhealthy foods especially when depression is associated with dietary practices.