• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.30-57
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• 2019

Purpose - This study analyzes the effect of internationalization represented as exporting on firm performance on the subject of SMEs operating in Masan Free Trade Zone which has shown poor performance recently despite its status as the oldest and largest free trade zone in Korea. We also analyze the effect of firm size on firm performance, and the moderating role of firm size in relation to internationalization and firm performance. Design/methodology - This study uses multiple regression models for unbalanced panel data as the empirical tools for the estimation of the effect that internationalization has on firm performance (ROA or ROS). Our sample consists of 91 manufacturing SMEs among all 110 companies located in Masan Free Trade Zone as of 2017. Findings - The degree of internationalization has a negative impact on firm performance. However, firm size turns out to have a positive effect and play a positive moderating role in the relation to internationalization and firm performance. This seems to be because most tenant companies operating in Masan Free Trade Zone are small firms whose costs of internationalization may exceed the benefits. Empirical results also show that longer CEO tenure has a greater negative effect on firm performance. Originality/value - The originality/value of this paper can be found in 3 aspects. First, we conducted an empirical analysis on the relationship between the internationalization and firm performance of SMEs in a specific region, namely, Masan Free Trade Zone. Second, while most previous studies focused on listed medium companies, most of the sample of this study are small and medium non-listed enterprises. Third, it is witnessed that firm size has a positive moderating effect on the relation between internationalization and firm performance.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.718-732
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• 2014

This study investigates the effects of two organizational variables (market orientation and organizational innovativeness) and the interaction between these two variables on supply chain agility as well as examines the moderating effect of 1) firm size and 2) the extent of global sourcing. Employing a web-based e-mail survey method, the study issued 1,320 questionnaires to South Korea apparel manufacturing companies; data from 147 completed surveys were analyzed. Market orientation, organizational innovativeness, and the interaction between the two variables positively affect supply chain agility. Firm size and global sourcing do not have any significant moderating effects on the relationship between organizational characteristics and supply chain agility. Companies with high market orientation and high organizational innovativeness have more agile supply chains than companies with only market orientation or organizational innovativeness. Firms need to effectively enhance market orientation and organizational innovativeness simultaneously to enhance supply chain agility. The lack of a moderating effect from firm size suggests that all companies should promote a greater degree of market orientation and organizational innovativeness to enhance supply chain agility regardless of firm size.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.181-206
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• 2008

This study aims to investigate the impacts of managerial and technical IT knowledges on firm's financial performance. Specifically, the study examines the following three effects between IT personnel knowledges and financial performance: (1) direct effect, (2) mediating effect of business process performance, and (3) moderating effect of firm size, between them. An empirical study resulted in the followings. First, both managerial and technical IT knowledges do not have direct influences on financial performance. Second, unlike technical IT knowledge, managerial IT knowledge indirectly affects financial performance through business process performance, confirming the mediating role of business process performance. Third, while technical IT knowledge produce no direct and indirect effect on financial performance regardless of firm size, managerial IT knowledge exerts significant impacts on financial performance although such effects represent some different patterns according to firm size. That is, in the smaller group, the association between managerial IT knowledge and financial performance is partially mediated by business process performance and in the larger group, that relationship fully mediated.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability on firm value, as well as the effect of disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which in this study is a moderator and company size as a control variable. The sampling technique used in this study is a purposive sampling method with certain criteria, to obtain a sample of 22 LQ45 index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2019. The data analysis method in this study used was the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with the SPSS 18 Program. The results show that the ratios of liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability are significant to firm value in accordance with the initial hypothesis of the study. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plays a role as a moderating variable and company size variable as a control variable on the effect of financial ratios (liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability) on firm value. The implication of this research is that CSR has a very important role in increasing company value. To attract more investors, companies must pay attention not only to financial performance but also to social performance. Large-scale companies tend to do more CSR so that the company value will increase.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between government subsidies and research and development (R&D) investment of animal husbandry companies in China. The moderating effects of firm size, debt ratio, and firm profitability on this relationship are also examined. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis is based on 14 animal husbandry companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges over the period of 2012-2016. Data are obtained from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) database and the RESSET database, and multiple regression analysis is utilized with the aid of Stata. Results: The empirical results show that government subsidies can promote R&D investment of animal husbandry companies in China. In addition, firm size, debt ratio, and firm profitability have positive moderating effects on the relationship between government subsidies and R&D investment. Conclusions: Based on the results, the paper concludes that government subsidies play an important role in the process of R&D of China's animal husbandry companies. This paper recommends that managers of animal husbandry companies should enhance the utilization efficiency of government subsidies and put great emphasis on R&D investment. The policymakers should implement more incentives to encourage animal husbandry companies to invest more in R&D.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1077-1100
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• 2018

본 연구는 외부기관에 R&D 투자를 위탁하는 외부 R&D 활동이 기업의 생산성에 미치는 영향과 이에 대한 기업규모의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 외부 R&D는 개방형 혁신활동의 한 형태로 혁신의 비용효율성을 제고하고 지식자원을 다양화할 수 있다는 점에서 주목받고 있다. 실증분석에서는 2006년부터 2015년까지의 "기업활동조사"의 제조업 기업 자료를 활용하여 기업별 총요소생산성을 추정하였고, 생산성 결정요인으로 외부 R&D 투자의 효과와 기업규모의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 분석방법으로는 통상최소자승법(OLS)과 함께 분위회귀분석(Quantile regression)을 사용하여 생산성 수준에 따른 외부 R&D 투자 효과의 이질성을 확인하였다. 분석결과, 기업의 외부 R&D 투자는 기업의 생산성을 유의하게 증대시켰으며, 이러한 생산성 증대 효과는 기술수준에 관계없이 제조업 전 부문에서 공통적으로 확인되었다. 외부 R&D 투자의 생산성효과에 대한 기업규모의 조절효과는 내부 R&D 투자의 경우와 비교하여 뚜렷하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 외부 R&D가 기업의 생산성을 높이는 유효한 혁신수단이며, 특히 상대적으로 자체 연구역량이 부족한 중소기업의 경우 중요한 혁신전략일 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

CEO duality and its impact on firm performance represent one of the most contentious issues in both academia and business. This study, therefore, aims to examine the moderating role of CEO duality in the relationship between intellectual capital Efficiency (human, structural, relational, Capital Employed, and Innovation) and firm performance (earnings per share and Tobin's Q) among Jordanian companies. The study sample consists of services listed companies on Amman Stock Exchange. The study used panel data for the period 2014-2018 with a sample size of 230 observations. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The regression results indicate a significant relationship between, IC and firm performance. When CEO Duality is incorporated into the model as a moderator, there is an increase in the R² by 7.9%. The findings from this study expand the theoretical underpinning of corporate governance research by identifying the performance implications of CEO duality within the Jordanian context. It also contributes significantly to the literature review about the current status of the practices taken in the intellectual capital components efficiency among companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. Findings from this study also provide contributions to the concerned policymakers such as the Ministry of Finance, Securities Commission, and Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan, to improve the current policies related to intellectual capital efficiency.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2022

본 연구는 기업벤처캐피탈 투자와 투자기업의 혁신 성과 간의 연관성과 기업의 ESG 리스크가 미치는 영향에 대해 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 조직 학습 이론을 바탕으로 기업벤처캐피탈 투자를 통해 기업이 벤처로부터 학습 기회를 얻고 궁극적으로 혁신 성과를 증가시킬 수 있다는 내용을 제시하였다. 또한 기업이 ESG 요인들 중에서도 이해관계자들과의 관계에 해당되는 사회적 리스크를 효과적으로 관리하는 능력이 기업벤처캐피탈 투자를 통한 혁신 성과에 영향을 미칠 것이라 예상하였다. 가설의 실증분석을 위해 1993년부터 2018년까지 미국 하이테크 기업들을 대상으로 기업벤처캐피탈 투자 데이터와 특허 출원 데이터 및 ESG 리스크 점수를 이용한 패널 데이터 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 기업이 기업벤처캐피탈을 통해 더 많은 벤처에 투자할수록 혁신 성과가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업의 사회적 리스크가 증가할수록 기업벤처캐피탈을 통한 혁신 성과가 약화되는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 기업벤처캐피탈을 학습과 혁신의 수단으로 보는 관점의 기존 연구에 다음과 같이 기여하였다. 기업벤처캐피탈의 투자규모 보다도 벤처와 맺는 관계 자체가 갖는 의미에 주목하여, 더 많은 관계를 형성하는 것이 투자기업의 단기적 혁신 성과와 직결된다는 내용을 실증적으로 조사하였다. 또한 기업 활동에서 ESG 요인의 역할이 부각되고 있는 최근의 사회적 흐름에 부합하여, 기존에 투자기업과 벤처의 관계에 집중되어 있던 기업벤처캐피탈 연구의 논의를 기업을 둘러싼 이해관계자들의 역할까지 확장시켰다는 데에 의의가 있다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1006-1031
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• 2013

본 연구는 제품혁신이 기업의 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향을 측정하고, 공정혁신, 조직혁신, 마케팅혁신이 갖는 조절효과를 실증 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 '2010년 기술혁신조사 : 제조업부분' 자료와 '한국신용평가정보'의 재무자료를 결합하여 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 공정혁신, 조직혁신과 마케팅혁신 모두가 제품혁신 활동과 기업의 성과관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기업규모 및 연구개발집약도에 따른 산업 기술 수준별 그룹을 나누어 추가분석을 시도하였다. 그 결과 중기업, 대기업의 경우, 제품혁신과 공정혁신이 재무적 성과인 매출액에 결정적인 역할을 수행하는 반면, 소기업의 경우, 제품혁신과 조직혁신이 재무적 성과인 매출액에 결정적인 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구개발집약도에 따른 산업별 분석에서는 첨단기술 산업군에서는 마케팅혁신이 제품혁신과 더불어 성과를 향상시키는 혁신 유형으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 기술혁신과 기업 성과와의 관계에서 기술혁신을 제품혁신, 공정혁신, 조직혁신과 마케팅혁신을 포함함으로써 기술혁신을 유형별로 세분화하였고 기업이 추구해야할 혁신 활동을 포괄적으로 살펴봄에 따라 기술혁신 간 영향관계를 새롭게 규명하였고 산업 기술 수준별, 기업 규모별 혁신과 성과 간의 관계를 살펴보았다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Purpose: COVID-19 has negatively influenced the financial performance of restaurant firms. Previous literature suggests that the franchising strategy effectively helps restaurant firms recover from difficult business conditions through various methods for expanding business size and enhancing business efficiency. According to risk-sharing theory, restaurant franchisors may minimize operational risks by sharing the risks with their franchisees. For instance, restaurant franchisors could generate more stable cash flow using franchise fees from their franchisees. However, research on the effect of franchise's risk reduction factor on business performance during pandemic is scarce. Thus, this study aims to examine the positive moderating effect of franchising between COVID-19 and restaurants' financial performance. Research design, data, and methodology: Panel data including financial information and franchising status of restaurant firms were collected for analysis. In order to control for unobserved firm-specific factors, generalized least squared estimation in fixed effects model was conducted. Huber-White robust standard errors were used to deal with heteroscedasticity issues. Results: It was found that COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on the restaurants' financial performance such as ROA (return on assets), ROE (return on equity), and PM (profit margins), which confirms the findings from existing literature. More importantly, results show that the degree of franchising has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between COVID-19 and financial performance of restaurant firms. This suggests that more active engagement in franchising may decrease negative impacts of COVID-19 on the restaurants' financial performance. Conclusions: The study supports existing literature related to risk-sharing theory, by confirming that pandemics, such as COVID-19, negatively affect financial performance of the restaurants. Furthermore, it was found that franchising strategy can help lessen negative impacts of pandemics on the firm performance. These findings can contribute to the franchise and restaurant management literature by suggesting the role of franchising in reducing business risks, thereby positively affecting financial performance. Moreover, this study offers business managers of franchisors and franchisees insights for utilizing franchising in restaurant risk management. Policymakers may also gain information on aiding restaurant firms during global crisis, such as COVID-19.