• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2014

Objective : In this study, we tried to know what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low, median, with high intensity exercise in sleep disorder. Methods : We divided 90 into 3 groups and performed low, moderate, and high intensity exercise, respectively for 8 weeks in K city. Results : As a result, first, there was a significant change of global PSQI score in moderate intensity exercise comparing with before and after exercise. Second, there was a significant change of global PSQI score in moderate intensity exercise comparing with low and high intensity exercise. Third, there was a significant change of melatonin in blood in moderate intensity exercise comparing with before and after exercise. Forth, there was a significant change of melatonin in blood in moderate intensity exercise comparing with low and high intensity exercise. Conclusion : In this study, we observed change of EEG and melatonin in blood to know how did continued exercise according to intensity of exercise have effect on sleep disorder. In conclusion, it was more effect to apply moderate exercise. It can help progress of life of quality through improvement of sleep disorder and they stay healthy during the rest of time.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

To find the relation between exercise and cytokines, we examined the effect of the training intensity on the levels of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interlukine-4 (IL-4) and interlukine-4/interferon-gamma ratio (IL-4/IFN-γ ratio) in female Futsal players. Twelve well-trained female college Futsal players aged 19~22 participated in this study. The athletes completed 30-min of running at 60~65% maximal heart rate [moderate-intensity exercise], and 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate [high-intensity exercise]. peripheral blood samples were collected 24 h before and 24 h and 48 h after each of the exercise bouts. finding showed that The 30-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise induced a significant increase in IFN-γ (p=0.01) and significant decreases in IL-4 (p=0.001) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.003). And also, 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate induced increase in IFN-γ (p=0.07) and decreased in IL-4 (p=0.01) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.06) that these changes not significantly. In summary, exercise intensity can effect on the magnitude of changes in cytokines. It seems that moderate intensity exercise enhances cytokine pattern in female college Futsal players.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

Purpose: The goal of this study was to see how different aerobic exercise intensities affected AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in young mice during an 8-week period. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged seven weeks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), low-intensity exercise (n=10), moderate-intensity exercise (n=10), and high-intensity exercise (n=10). For eight weeks, aerobic activity was performed once a day for 35-40 minutes, five days a week. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared tests, and the Tukey test in the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Weight (p=.001) was substantially different between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in AMPK (p<.001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the moderate-intensity exercise group and the control group in reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=.136) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p=.521). Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased AMPK activation and helped young mice shed weight.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2021

Objective: Exercise is a risk factor for infertility in women. However, research on the effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis has not yielded clear results. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of differences in the intensity of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice. Methods: Nineteen female BALB/c mice (age, 3-4 months; weight, 13-25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, mild exercise, moderate exercise, and high-intensity exercise. The mice in the exercise groups engaged in swimming, with additional loads of 3%, 6%, or 9% of body weight, respectively. There were five swimming sessions per week for 4 weeks, with a gradually increasing duration every week. At the end of the treatment, ovarian extraction was carried out and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify folliculogenesis. Results: There were significant differences in the number of total follicles between the control and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.036) and between the mild- and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.005). The mean number of primary follicles was higher in the moderate-exercise group than in the mild-exercise group (p=0.006). The mean number of secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles did not differ significantly among groups (p≥0.05). However, the number of total follicles and follicles in each phase tended to increase after exercise, especially moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Exercise of different intensities affected the total number of follicles and primary follicles. The number of follicles of each phase tended to increase after exercise. Moderate-intensity exercise had better effects than other intensities of exercise.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise of low-intensity and moderate- intensity on the functional recovery and histological change in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. SCI was induced by the spinal cord impactor dropped after laminectomy. Experimental groups were divided into the Group I (normal control), Group II (non-treatment after SCI induction), Group III (low-intensity treadmill exercise after SCI induction), Group IV (moderate-intensity treadmill exercise after SCI induction). After operation, rats were tested at modified Tarlov scale at 2 days with divided into 4 groups, and motor behavior test (BBB locomotor rating scale, Grid walk test) was examined at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. For the observation of damage change and size of the organized surface in spinal cord, histopathological studies were performed at 21 days by H & E, and BDNF(brain-derived neutrophic factor) & Trk-b immunohistochemistry studies were performed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days. According to the results, treadmill exercise can play a role in facilitating recovery of locomotion following spinal cord injury. Specially, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise after SCI induction was most improvement in functional recovery and histological change.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different intensity of aerobic exercise for four weeks on cardiovascular risk factors, reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in old mice. Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice age 18 months were randomly classified into the control group (n= 6), the moderate intensity exercise group (n= 6), and the low intensity exercise group (n= 6). The training groups performed the aerobic exercise twice daily for 20 minutes, five days weekly for four weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Chi-square test, and the Tukey's test with the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Results: In this study, among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, blood sugar (BS) (p= .023) and total cholesterol (TC) (p= .001) were significantly different between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) (p= .001), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< .001) and glutathione reductase (GR) (p= .015) between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Conclusion: This finding suggests that moderate intensity aerobic exercise promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lowers cardiovascular risk factors in older mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of either moderate or high intensity aerobic exercise on inflammasome, M1, M2 macrophage infiltration and brown adipocyte markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the high fat diet-induced obese mice. The 4 weeks male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: normal diet control (NC; n=10), high-fat diet control (HC; n=10), high fat diet with moderate intensity exercise (HME; n=10), or high fat diet with high intensity exercise (HIE; n=10) groups. The high fat diet was given 60% calories from fat whereas normal diet was given 18% calories from fat. The moderate intensity exercise group (HME) was set at 10m/min in the first 2 weeks, 12m/min in 3-5 weeks and 14m/min in 6-16 weeks and the high intensity exercise group (HIE) was set at 14m/min in the first 2 weeks, 17m/min in 3-5 weeks and 18m/min in 6-16 weeks. The semi quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was used to analyze the gene expression. The moderate intensity exercise significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, F480, CD11c and CD86. Further, the moderate intensity exercise significantly increased CD206 and $PGC1{\alpha}$, BMP7 and PRDM. The high intensity exercise significantly reduced NLRP3, CD11c and CD86. Further, the high intensity exercise significantly increased $PGC1{\alpha}$ and BMP7. In conclusion, moderate intensity exercise has more positive effects on inflammasome, M1, M2 macrophage infiltration and brown adipocyte maskers compared to high intensity exercise in high fat diet induced obese mice.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.603-615
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• 2016

This study was conducted by performing intensities aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, three times a week targeting 28 middle aged women. The purpose of this study was analyzing factors which affect cognitive function and changes of blood pressure, renin-aldosterone system, neurotransmitter, cognitive function and working memory after treatment. The participants were divided into three groups which are the control group(n=9, non exercise), moderate intensity aerobic exercise group(n=10, 50%V02max), high intensity aerobic exercise group(n=9, 70%V02max). The two-way ANOVA(repeated measure) and multiple regression analysis were carried out to target those three groups before and after treatment. The results were as follows like this. The moderate intensity aerobic exercise increased renin, brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), cognitive function and working memory. Also, it reduced aldosterone, angiotensinII and aldosterone-renin ratio. The high intensity aerobic exercise showed increase BDNF, cognitive function and working memory and decrease systolic. As a result of a multiple regression analysis of factors affecting cognitive function after intensities aerobic exercise, the moderate intensity aerobic exercise affected diastolic blood pressure, decrease of aldosterone-renin ratio and working memory. Also, an increase of BDNF affected cognitive function, the high intensity aerobic exercise affected working memory BDNF and an increase of serotonin affected cognitive function. Therefore, It could be seen that more than moderate intensity exercise increase woman's cognitive function and working memory. Also, there were metabolic factors which affect the increase of cognitive function. To moderate intensity exercise, renin-aldosterone and working memory affected to increase of cognitive function. For high intensity exercise, BDNF and working memory affected to it.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.2295-2301
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• 2021

Background: Physical therapy applied to stroke patients is recognized as a treatment that promotes function recovery, and it is a widely known fact that constant exercise should be performed. However, there are insufficient studies on exercise intensity and exercise time that can minimize side effects and maximize function recovery for exercise therapy. Objectives: To determine the effect of exercise variables on CPK generation during aerobic exercise in stroke patients and to discover how to use appropriate exercise intensity and time when conducting an exercise for function recovery in stroke patients. Design: Quasi-experimental research. Methods: This study classified subjects into three groups (low-intensity exercise group: LIE, moderate-intensity exercise group: MIE and high-intensity exercise group: HIE) according to exercise intensity, and was further classified into two groups (10-minute exercise group: 10MG and 20-minute exercise group: 20MG) according to exercise time variables within each exercise intensity group. After, the change in CPK according to exercise intensity and time was confirmed through hematological analysis. Results: In LIE and MIE, the CPK blood concentrations before and after exercise were increased in 10MG and 20MG, which was not statistically significant (P>.05). In HIE, the CPK blood concentrations before and after exercise were increased in 10MG, and it was statistically significant (P<.05). In HIE, the CPK blood concentrations before and after exercise were increased in 20MG, and it was statistically significant (P<.01). In 10MG and 20MG, the CPK blood concentrations before and after exercises were increased in all intensity group, and there was a statistically significant difference only in HIE. Conclusion: From the results of this study, considering CPK, it will be helpful to recover and improve function if the exercise intensity setting is applied in the type of moderate intensity exercise during physical therapy interventions in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.539-547
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of exercise of diverse intensities on the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$(tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$) in the spinal cord in osteoarthritic rats. METHODS: Over a period of four weeks, the authors applied treadmill exercise programs of diverse intensities to Sprague-Dawley rats, to which intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA, $3mg/50{\mu}l$, diluted in saline) was applied to the right knee joint to induce osteoarthritis. The four-week exercise program was not carried out with the control group(CG, n=10). Exercise programs of applicable intensities were applied to the low-intensity exercise group(LEG, n=10), moderate-intensity exercise group (MEG, n=10), and high-intensity exercise group(HEG, n=10) over the four weeks. Observations were made of expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the spinal cord in osteoarthritic rats using western blot analysis. RESULT: there were significant differences(p<.05) in the comparison of expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ between the four groups involved. The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the spinal cord, the LEG and HEG had more elevated expression significantly than the CG(p<.05). But the MEG had reduced expression significantly than the CG(p<.05). CONCLUSION: These study results suggest that moderate-intensity exercise is effective in inhibition TNF-${\alpha}$ in the spinal cord. They also indicate that in prescribing exercise to treat osteoarthritic patients, exercise of moderate intensity is most suitable to patients' chronic pain, rather than low or high intensity.