• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2017

Purpose - The ICT development is affecting the consumer behaviors in selecting channel or distribution system. This study aims to advance the theory on the influence and interaction with omni-channel behaviors. Specifically, analyzing moderating variable is category knowledge that effect between propensity of brand loyalty and its precedence factor which is perceived difference, perceived value, authenticity and consumer-brand relationship. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this research is consumers who purchase goods in omni-channel situation. The hypothesis of this research is derived from the literature of the preceding research analysis on brand loyalty, omni-channel and consumer behaviors. This study have constructs that were defined operationally with reference to previous studies, and the research model was designed to figure out the structural relationship among perceived difference, perceived value, authenticity, consumer-brand relationship and brand loyalty. From 2016 Sept. 1 to Dec. 31, a questionnaire survey was performed targeting customers using omni-channel. 327 questionnaire survey had conducted. 316 survey data were used for empirical analysis except data that had missing and wrong value. AMOS(structural equation) was used to confirm the hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, an authenticity has significant effect on brand loyalty. Second, in the omni-channel situation, but perceived differentiation, perceived value, consumer-brand relationship does not affect brand loyalty. According to this result, it is judged that it is easy to search for information in the situation of omni-channel and integrated decision making is done without distinction between channels. Third, category knowledge has moderating effect between brand loyalty and precedence factors. When the category knowledge level is low, preceding factors have a significant effect on brand loyalty. when the category knowledge level is high, the preceding factors did not have a significant effect on brand loyalty except the authenticity. Conclusions - This study finds out omni-channel's phenomenon is different from other distribution channel phenomenon. In the situation of omni-channel, it is suggested that brand loyalty may be relatively low for a certain brand because it raises the knowledge level of the category. Then this study provides a managerial implications based on the role of the moderate effect on category knowledge, brand loyalty and omni-channel.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.685-697
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 청소년의 집단따돌림 피해경험과 관련하여 지난 20여년 간 국내에서 연구된 석 박사 학위논문과 학술지 논문을 중심으로 관련요인들의 효과크기를 메타분석을 통해 검증하였다. 검증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유발요인의 전체효과크기는 중간효과크기를 보인 것으로 나타났으며, 유발요인군의 개인심리요인군과 학교생활요인군 역시 중간효과크기를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유발요인군 중 개인심리요인군의 하부요인인 공격성, 불안, 스트레스, 우울, 자살생각은 중간효과크기를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 학교생활요인군인 학업스트레스 역시 중간효과크기를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 억제요인 전체효과크기와 억제요인군의 가정환경요인군, 개인심리요인군, 학교생활 요인군은 중간효과크기를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 억제요인군인 중 가정환경요인군의 하부요인인 긍정적부모양육태도와 부모지지는 중간효과크기를 보인 것으로 나타났으며, 개인심리요인군의 하부요인인 자아존중감과 자아탄력성, 학교생활요인군의 하부요인인 친구지지와 학교생활적응은 역시 중간효과크기를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 지난 20년간의 선행된 연구들을 통합적으로 정리하여 객관적 결과를 살피기 위한 수량적 통합을 시도했다는데 의의가 있으며, 청소년의 집단따돌림 피해를 예방하고 낮추기 위한 프로그램 개발과 정책수립에 기초적 자료를 제공하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.1077-1093
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 서울과 춘천에 거주하는 노인 1,409명을 대상으로 노인의 영성과 종교 활동이 생활만족도와 우울에 영향을 미치며, 동시에 노인의 건강상태가 생활만족도와 우울에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 감소시키는 효과가 있는지를 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 선행연구에서 노인의 건강수준, 생활만족도와 우울, 영성과 종교 활동은 성별에 따라 일관되게 유의미한 차이가 나타나 성별에 따른 영향도 포함하였다. 건강상태는 만성질환의 수로 측정하였고, 생활만족도는 PGCMS를, 우울은 CES-D를 적용하였다. 영성은 IE종교성 척도를 활용하였고, 종교활동은 종교모임에 참여하는 빈도로 측정하였다. 단계별 다중회귀분석을 적용하여 분석한 결과, 노인의 영성은 생활만족도와 우울에 영향을 미치지 않으나 건강상태가 생활만족도와 우울에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 감소시키는 효과를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 종교 활동은 노인의 생활만족도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 반면 우울에는 영향을 미치며, 건강상태가 생활만족도와 우울에 미치는 영향을 감소하는 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 노인복지의 실천적 함의와 향후 연구를 위한 제안을 제시했다.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 학동기 아동에서 근시교정용 콘택트렌즈인 역기하학 콘택트렌즈(RGL, reverse geometry contact lens)에 대한 근시교정 효과 및 안전성을 평가하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 2004년 3월부터 2005년 7월 사이에 근시굴절교정술을 목적으로 역기하학렌즈를 처방 받은 7세부터 18세사이의 학동기 환자 중 착용 후 3개월 이상 추적관찰이 가능했던 중등도 이하의 근시(-1.00~-5.00 D(Diopter))를 갖는 남녀 53명 106안을 연구대상으로 하였다. 렌즈처방을 위한 검사로는 세극동 현미경, BUT(Break Up Time), 직상검안경, 검영기, 나안시력, 최대 교정시력, 자동굴절검사, 각막곡률측정, 각막지형도검사를 착용 전과 착용 후 1일, 1주일, 2주일, 1개월, 2개월, 3개월 째 각각 시행하여 근시교정 효과와 합병증 발생 여부를 알아보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 렌즈 착용 전 평균 나안시력은 $0.0938{\pm}0.378$에서 착용 후 1일에 $0.3136{\pm}0.283$이었고, 1주에는 $0.7925{\pm}0.301$으로 급격한 시력향상을 보였으며 2주후부터는 약간씩이었지만 계속되는 추이를 보였다(p<0.01). 각막지형도검사 상 편심율은 역기하학 렌즈 착용 전 평균 $0.548{\pm}0.099$에서 착용 후 3개월에는 $-0.257{\pm}0.283$(t=2.321, p=0.022)으로 감소하였다. 렌즈 착용 후 1일부터 2개월 사이에 급격한 편심율 감소를 보였으며(p<0.01) 2개월 후부터는 약간의 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 역기하학 렌즈는 중동도 이하의 근시를 가진 환자에 있어 일시적으로 굴절이상을 교정하고 근시진행을 조절하는데 매우 유용한 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 부작용은 상대적으로 미미하였으나 장기적으로 눈 건강에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 추가 연구가 더 필요하리라 생각된다. 렌즈의 처방은 편심율(eccentricity)과 각막지형도의 분포도를 고려한 주문제작 피팅법이 매우 높은 성공률을 보였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.125-150
• /
• 2009

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) is a wireless frequency of recognition technology that can be used to recognize, trace, and identify people, things, and animals using radio frequency(RF). RFID will bring about many changes in manufacturing and distributions, among other areas. In accordance with the increasing importance of RFID techniques, great advancement has been made in RFID studies. Initially, the RFID research started as a research literature or case study. Recently, empirical research has floated on the surface for announcement. But most of the existing researches on RFID adoption have been restricted to a dichotomous measure of 'adoption vs. non-adoption' or adoption intention. In short, RFID research is still at an initial stage, mainly focusing on the research of the RFID performance, integration, and its usage has been considered dismissive. The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors are important for the RFID adoption and implementation with organizational resources. In this study, the organizational resources are classified into either finance resources or IT knowledge resources. A research model and four hypotheses are set up to identify the relationships among these variables based on the investigations of such theories as technological innovations, adoption stage, and organizational resources. In order to conduct this study, a survey was carried out from September 27, 2008 until October 23, 2008. The questionnaire was completed by 143 managers and workers from physical distribution and manufacturing companies related to the RFID in South Korea. 37 out of 180 surveys, which turned out unfit for the study, were discarded and the remaining 143(adoption stage 89, implementation stage 54) were used for the empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 12.0. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the adoption stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, perceived cost savings, environmental uncertainty, and pressures from rival firms have significant effects on the intent of the RFID adoption. Further, the implementation stage shows that perceived benefits, standardization, environmental uncertainty, pressures from rival firms, inter-organizational cooperation, and inter-organizational trust have significant effects on the extent of the RFID use. In contrast, inter-organizational cooperation and inter-organizational trust did not show much impact on the intent of RFID adoption while perceived cost savings did not significantly affect the extent of RFID use. Second, in the adoption stage, financial issues had adverse effect on both inter-organizational cooperation and the intent against the RFID adoption. IT knowledge resources also had a deterring effect on both perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID adoption. Third, in the implementation stage, finance resources had a moderate effect on environmental uncertainty and extent of RFID use while IT knowledge resources had also a moderate effect on perceived cost savings and the extent of the RFID use. Limitations and future research issues can be summarized as follows. First, it is difficult to say that the sample is large enough to be representative of the population. Second, because the sample of this study was conducted among manufacturers only, it may be limited in analyzing fully the effect on the industry as a whole. Third, in consideration of the fact that the organizational resources in the RFID study require a great deal of researches, this research may deem insufficient to fulfill the purpose that it initially set out to achieve. Future studies using performance research are, therefore, needed to help better understand the organizational level of the RFID adoption and implementation.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.131-148
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 농산업 예비창업자를 대상으로 자기결정성정도를 조절변수로 하여 창업환경과 창업역량이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 창업환경은 인지된지원과 인지된장벽으로 창업역량은 여러 가지 변인 중에서 농산업의 특성을 고려하여 창의성, 문제해결, 의사소통, 마케팅, 사업계획서로 설정하였다. 농산업분야 예비창업자를 대상으로 수집된 설문지 253부를 SPSS v25.0과 Process macro v4.2를 이용하여 실증분석에 사용하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 창업환경의 인지된지원과 인지된장벽은 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고 창업역량의 창의성, 문제해결, 마케팅 및 사업계획서가 창업의도에 유의적인 영향을 미쳤으나 의사소통이 미치는 영향은 비유의적으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기결정성정도는 창업환경의 인지된지원 및 인지된장벽과 농산업 창업의도 간을 조절하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 자기결정의 수준은 창업환경과 창업의도 사이에 영향을 미치지 않음을 의미한다. 셋째, 자기결정성정도는 창업역량의 창의성, 문제해결, 의사소통, 마케팅 및 사업계획서와 창업의도 간을 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 자기결정성정도가 커질수록, 창의성, 문제해결, 마케팅 및 사업계획서가 창업의도에 미치는 영향력의 크기가 정(+)의 방향으로 강해지게 하는 강화작용의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자기결정성정도가 커질수록 의사소통과 창업의도 간의 관계가 약해지는 완화 작용이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후에는 창업환경과 창업역량을 설명할 수 있는 다른 요인들의 탐색과 새로운 매개변수와 조절변수가 포함된 조건부과정모형을 통해 조절된 매개효과를 분석할 수 있는 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 2005

The radical scavenging effect of the MeOH extract of Fraxini Cortex on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was examined. The $CH_2Cl_2$-and n-BuOH-soluble fractions of MeOH extract showed the promising DPPH radical scavenging effects, and further purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and reversed-phase C-18 MPLC to yield five coumarins, esculetin (1), fraxidin (2), fraxetin (3), fraxidin $8-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (fraxin methyl ether) (5), esculin (6), and a secoiridoid oleuropein (4), and a coumarin-secoiridoid escuside (7). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging effects, exhibiting $IC_{50}$ values of 14.68, 9.64, and $22.03\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 6 and 7 also showed moderate effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 147.79 and $72.73\;{\mu}M$, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control and exhibited the $IC_{50}$ value of $50.31\;{\mu}M$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 1986

Twenty six urea analogues, most of which have already been approved for human use, were tested for their antiurease activity in vitro. Cell-free extracts obtained from a clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis was used as the source of enzyme. Acetohydroxamic acid which is a proven potent urease inhibitor but not approved for human use was again shown to be the most active compound among the tested. Phenacemide, cycloserine, and deferoxamine were demonstrated to be moderate inhibitors. Oxtetracycline, trimethoprim, and cefamandole revealed a demonstrable antiruease activity, but only at very high concentrations. The antiurease activity of cycloserine, trimethoprim, and cefamandole was pH dependent-only active at acidic pH. The inhibitory activity of acetohydroxamic acid however was independent of change in pH. The inhibitory activity of acetohydroxamic acid however was independent of change in pH. Hydrogen ion concentration plays an important role in urease activity and acidification (pH 5. 5) alone eliminates approximately 65% of the enzymic activity. Adjustment of pH therefore appears to be an important adjunct in reducing unrease activity and should always be studied to maximize the effcacy of antiurease compounds under investigation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.560-567
• /
• 2008

An efficient method to produce water-soluble polysaccharides from Lentinus lepideus is described. The productivity of both endopolysaccharides (PPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) was compared under various culture conditions. The effect of treating their own PPS and EPS on immune cytokine production was also studied in relation to culture factors. High yield production of EPS required a moderate culture temperature $(25^{\circ}C)$ as well as long culture period (16-20 days). In contrast, PPS production required a high culture temperature $(30^{\circ}C)$ and short culture period (8 days). Most of the carbon sources did not affect polysaccharides and mycelial production except for sucrose. Immune cytokine levels in the EPS treatment varied among carbon sources or culture periods. PPS did not appear to affect much on the production of cytokines, regardless of the culturing factors, except for the culture period. These results suggest that the optimal culture conditions for L. lepideus vary according to culture purposes, and different culture conditions should be used for different targets including mycelial biomass, EPS, and PPS. Whereas the immunomodulating activitiy of EPS appeared to be affected by culture conditions in L. lepideus, that of PPS did not.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1436-1448
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion, fuel consumption and emission of $NO_x$ and soot of a medium duty diesel engine. The focus is on the influence of four different injection rate shapes, square type 1, square type 2, boot and ramp, with a variation of maximum injection pressure and start of injection (SOI). The experiments were carried out on a 1 liter single cylinder research diesel engine equipped with an amplifier-piston common rail injection system, allowing the adjustment of the injection pressure during the injection event and thus injection rate as desired. Two strategies to maintain the injected fuel mass constant were followed. One where rate shaping is applied at constant injection duration with different peak injection pressure and one strategy where rate shaping is applied at a constant peak injection pressure, but with variable injection duration. Injection rate shaping was found to have a large effect on the premixed and diffusion combustion, a significant influence on $NO_x$ emissions and depending on the followed strategy, moderate or no influence on soot emission. Only small effects on indicated fuel consumption were found.