• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1999

Blood flow restoration to ischemic zone of the heart is essential to salvage of ischemic tissue. However, there is a large body of evidence documenting that the reperfusion can induce reperfusion injury like reperfusion-induced malignant arrhythmias. In the present study, employing a cat model of regional cardiac ischemia, we examined if reperfusion rendered in a gradual fashion could lower the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), which usually precipitated within a few to several tens of seconds after abrupt reperfusion. The experiments were conducted with male mongrel cats (n=46, 2.5-5 kg). The animals in the control and 30 MIN groups were subjected to an episode of 20- and 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, respectively, followed by abrupt reperfusion. The animals in 5 G and 10 G groups received gradual reperfusion over a 5- and 10-min period, respectively, following a 20-min occlusion. The proportion of animals that exhibited VF during the reperfusion phase was 11/15 in the control, 7/10 in the 30 MIN, 5/10 in the 5 G and 2/11 in the 10 G groups. The incidence of VF in the 10 G group was significantly lower than that in the control or 30 MIN group subjected to abrupt reperfusion. These results suggest that the gradual reperfusion is a useful procedure against reperfusion-induced VF.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1293-1308
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• 2014

The cause of privacy extrusion in credit card company at 2014 is usage of the original data in test system. By Electronic banking supervision regulations of the Financial Supervisory Service and Information Security business best practices of Finance information technology (IT) sector, the data to identify the customer in the test system should be used to convert. Following this guidelines, Financial firms use converted customer identificaion data by loading in test system. However, there is some risks that may be introduced unintentionally by user mistake or lack of administrative or technical security in the process of testing. also control and risk management processes for those risks did not studied. These situations are conducive to increasing the compliance violation possibility of supervisory institution. So in this paper, we present and prove the process to eliminate the compliance violation possibility of supervisory institution by controlling and managing the unidentified conversion customer identification data and check the effectiveness of the process.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms for the temporal changes of the striatal dopamine D2 receptors in the rat model of parkinsonism. After injection of the 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra of adult rats, we measured the receptor binding capacity(Bmax), mRNA and protein of the D2 receptor at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Following the lesion, mRNA and protein were elevated simultaneously on both sides of the striata. They showed more increase on the normal side at 2 and 4 weeks, and then they were almost equally abundant on both sides at 8 weeks. We also observed their increased production in the diffuse cortical and subcortical regions. The Bmax value also increased bilaterally in both striata, and was higher on the normal side at 2 weeks and then on the lesioned side at 4 and 8 weeks. These findings suggest that production of the striatal D2 receptor is regulated at the transcriptional level in this animal model. They also imply that this control may be mediated through a pathway which can have influence on the whole brain, rather than the local control of the dopamine content alone. The measured functional activity(Bmax) of the D2 receptor was not proportional to the amount of the receptor mRNA and proteins produced. This difference may be explained by the post-translational modification of the receptor proteins, which may be controlled by such factor as the local concentration of dopamine.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-219
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• 2014

Despite of continuous efforts to crack down on piracy using penalties and regulations, this unauthorized piracy market is still enormous. Since the moral hazard about this phenomenon is pervasive and continually upsets the major intellectual property markets, an alternative plan is required. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective insight for factors that affect people's digital video piracy behavior. The following two research propositions were the focus: what psychological factors affect piracy behavior and how are these factors related to one another? In order to accomplish the research aims, we reviewed literatures on the current state of piracy in South Korea, characteristics of digital contents, studies on criminal psychology and behavioral theories. Previous research in the fields of criminal theory indicated that neutralization, a form of rationalization, would help explain digital piracy intentions. Thus, this study developed a model that explains effects of neutralization techniques and tested the possibility of an integrated model with other behavioral theory such as TPB and TIB. Empirical results of the study(368 sample collected) showed that all the factors in TPB including Attitude to Piracy(+), Subjective Norm(-), Perceived Behavioral Control(+) had a significant impact on Piracy Intention. Moreover, two neutralization techniques, Condemn the Condemners(+) and Appeal to Higher Loyalties(+), had a significant effect on Piracy Intention. In addition, Past Behavior had strong impacts on Attitude(+), Perceived Behavioral Control(+) and Piracy Intention(+). In terms of Expected Profit, it had an impact on Attitude to Piracy positively. These findings suggest implications for protecting the current intellectual property markets, with many stakeholders in movies and media industries. There are some limitations as followed: first, the study did not consider other neutralization techniques, low level of deterrence and the other expected results despite the possibility of their effects. Second, the study needs improvements through longitudinal research because the cross-sectional research could not rule out the alternative explanations.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2008

Background: Chronic pain after thoracotomy has been recently reproduced in a rat model that allows investigating the effect of potentially beneficial drugs that might reduce the incidence of allodynia or alleviate pain. Local anesthetics produce antinociception in normal animals and alleviate mechanical allodynia in animals with nerve injury although their mechanisms of action may differ in these situations. Our purpose of this study was to test whether the preoperative intercostal nerve block of bupivacaine could prevent the development of allodynia in a rat model of chronic postthoracotomy pain. Methods: All male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and the right 4th and 5th ribs were exposed surgically. The pleura were opened between the ribs to which a retractor was placed and was opened 10 mm in width. Retraction was maintained for one hour. Total 1 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine was injected at the intercostal nerves before (n = 17) or after (n = 16) surgery. A control group (n = 25) that underwent rib retraction did not receive any drug. Rats were tested for mechanical allodynia using calibrated von Frey filaments applied around the incision site during the three weeks following surgery. Results: The incidence of development of mechanical allodynia in the group that received intercostal injection with bupivacaine before surgery was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative intercostal nerves block around the surgical incision before thoracotomy may decrease the incidence of postthoracotomy pain syndrome.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the early stages of periodontal disease and determine the optimal period for its evaluation in a mouse model. The association between the duration of ligation and its effect on the dentogingival area in mice was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. Methods: Ninety mice were allocated to an untreated control group or a ligation group in which periodontitis was induced by a 6-0 silk ligation around the left second maxillary molar. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 14 days after ligature placement. Alveolar bone destruction was evaluated using micro-CT. Histological analysis was performed to assess the immune-inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissue. Results: No significant difference in alveolar bone loss was found compared to the control group until day 3 after ligature placement, and a gradual increase in alveolar bone loss was observed from 4 to 8 days following ligature placement. No significant between-group differences were observed after 8 days. The histological analysis demonstrated that the inflammatory response was evident from day 4. Conclusions: Our findings in a mouse model provide experimental evidence that ligature-induced periodontitis models offer a consistent progression of disease with marginal attachment down-growth, inflammatory infiltration, and alveolar bone loss.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital. Methods: The study participants were patients with COVID-19 (n=5,006) and those without COVID-19 (n=367,162) registered in the database of Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital and standardized with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data on major mental disorders that developed in both groups over the 5-year follow-up period were extracted using the FeederNet computer program. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of major mental disorders. Results: The incidences of dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group. The incidence rates per 1,000 patient years in the COVID-19 group vs. the control group were 12.71 vs. 3.76 for dementia, 17.42 vs. 7.91 for sleep disorders, 6.15 vs. 3.41 for anxiety disorders, and 8.30 vs. 5.78 for depressive disorders. There was no significant difference in the incidence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder between the two groups. COVID-19 infection increased the risk of mental disorders in the following order: dementia (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.45-4.98), sleep disorders (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.76-2.91), anxiety disorders (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.25-2.84), and depressive disorders (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.15). Conclusion: This study showed that the major mental disorders associated with COVID-19 were dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 1993

With the use of a rat surgical model, the ability of carboxymethylcellulose and ibuprofen in the reduction of abdominal adhesion was examined. Seventy seven female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups : (1) control, (2) 2% CMC, (3) 3% CMC, (4) ibuprofen 25mg, (5) ibuprofen 50mg, (6) combination of ibuprofen 25mg and 2% CMC and(7) combination of ibuprofen 50mg and 3%, CMC. Following induction of abrasion injuries on ileum, colon and both uterine horns with a surgical blads, the rats in groups (2), (6) were infused with 2% CMC solution singly or in combined Infection of 25 mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days, the rats In groups (3), (7) were infused with 3% CMC solution singly or In combined Injection of 50mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days. The rats in groups (4), (5) were injected only with 25 mg or 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days. After 10 days the abdominal cavities were opened and the appearance of formed adhesion were graded. The changes of body weight, CBC and blood chemicals were also evaluated at 3, 6 and 10 days after operation. In ileum, the rats in the groups (2), (6) and (7) showed less adhesion formation. In colon, there were significant differences(p<0.05) in adhesion formation in all treated groups as compared to control. In both uterine horns, there were significant decrease(p<0.05) of adhesion formation in groups(2), (6) and (7) in comparison with other groups. The increasing rate of body weight was evident in group (3) and fibrinogen concentrations at 6 and 10 days revealed significant decrease (p<0.01) in group (7), whereas there was no consistent change in CBC and blood chemicals. Therefore, it can be sugested that the infusion of 2% CMC solution with or without the injection of 25 mg/kg of ibuprofen and 3% CMC solution with the injection of 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen are effective and safe following abdominal surgery,

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 2005

Grid computing enables a shift from a localized resource computing model to a fully-distributed virtual organization with shared resources, Accounting is one of the main obstacles to widespread adoption of the Grid. Accounting has until recently, been a sparsely-addressed problem, particularly in practice. In this paper, we design and implement the accounting information gathering system. Accounting information gathered at each local system does not include grid-aware information. To be useful in grid environment, grid user information must be included in accounting information. To make it useful in grid environment, we add grid user information with PGAM. Implemented system is based on OGSA, following GSAX framework of RUS-WG in GGF. And the schema of accounting information is following usage Record Fields of UR-WG in GGF. Also, the accounting information integrating and monitoring tool for system management in the Grid environment are implemented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.863-875
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of a program for practice application of intravenous infusion evidence based nursing practice (EBP) guidelines in small and medium-sized hospitals. Methods: A mixed method research design was used, combining non-equivalent control group pre-post test design with qualitative study analysis. The subjects consisted of 55 nurses. The practice application program was developed based on the Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) model. Data were collected for analysis in the following areas: nurses' EBP organizational culture and readiness, EBP beliefs, EBP implementation, importance about intravenous infusion, and performance about intravenous infusion, with data assessed using valid and reliable instruments. Patient outcomes were collected from the hospital's medical records. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ2-test, and Shapiro-Wilk test, with qualitative content analysis used for interview data. Results: Following the intervention, nurses' EBP organizational culture and readiness, EBP beliefs, EBP implementation, and performance of intravenous infusion and perceptions of its importance showed significant improvement in the experimental group. Phlebitis rates decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: This program is effective to improve nurse's perception and practice of evidence based nursing. Therefore we recommend to use this program at same levels of hospitals.