• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.146-155
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• 2015

It is an undeniable fact that the modern people's interest in knowledge and information and their roles are some of the core factors used to define the modern society. Besides, as phenomena indicating and leading the modern society, we have fusion, hybrid and convergence, etc. that combine several different elements into a new one. Such changes in social, cultural and technological circumstances require a paradigm shift for the composition of knowledge and information facilities and space. However, more diversified and advanced recently, interfaces for the delivery of knowledge and information cause users to show new behaviors and even change the spatial concept with space composition elements hybridized. Especially for the space of libraries, it is necessary to access and utilize any forms of knowledge and information data (digital + analog) regardless of time and space limitations and approach with an integrated spatial concept likely to change flexibly depending on social demands. In this light, this study aims to make a basic proposal for sustainable integrated-type hybrid space for the space of a public library in this era of knowledge and information. Particularly, this study intends to seek a way to establish a hybrid space model that can effectively converge the most important factors of the space of libraries (human-space(network)-information). With 18 different cases, this study analyzed knowledge and information composition systems, knowledge and information delivery systems and users' space systems. As a result, this study extracted 3 kinds of models, an information-based model, a culture-based model and an education-based model, with the integrated hybrid space model of knowledge and information facilities

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.5
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• pp.659-668
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• 2008

Recently, the component model based on the Exogenous Connector has been proposed in which controls are separated from computation by managing the beginning and result of method calls in the connector. Although it could be loosely coupled between components, it has a problem that is a potential preponderance of element objects of the system by increasing the number of connectors and connection levels. In this paper we propose the Tree Component Model with the Hybrid Message Passing that combines direct and indirect message passing. In our model, components are wrapped by interfaces and controls are separated from computation by only using their interface references. There is a unique feature that the composition structure of components becomes the tree always. As a result of demonstration and comparison, it is found that the Tree Component Model is applicable practically and decreases objects to mediate message passing and build the system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

Climate change is the biggest concern of the $21^{st}$ century. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from various sectors are attracting attention as a cause of climate change. The DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model simulates GHG emissions from cropland. To study future GHG emissions using this simulation model, various factors that could change in future need to be considered. Because most problems are from the agricultural sector, DNDC would be unable to solve the factor-changing problem itself. Hence, it is necessary to link DNDC with separate models that simulate each element. Climate change is predicted to cause a variety of environmental disasters in the future, having a significant impact on the agricultural environment. In the process of human adaptation to environmental change, the distribution and management methods of farmland will also change greatly. In this study, we introduce some drawbacks of DNDC in considering future changes, and present other existing models that can rectify the same. We further propose some combinations with models and development sub-models.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

The paper concerns concrete carbonation, the phenomena that occurs in every type of climate, especially in urban-industrial areas. In European Standards, including Eurocode (EC) for concrete structures the demanded durability of construction located in the conditions of the carbonation threat is mainly assured by the selection of suitable thickness of reinforcement cover. According to EC0 and EC2, the thickness of the cover in the particular class of exposure depends on the structural class/category and concrete compressive strength class which is determined by cement content and water-cement ratio (thus the quantitative composition) but it is not differentiated for various cements, nor additives (i.e., qualitative composition), nor technological types of concrete. As a consequence the selected thickness of concrete cover is in fact a far estimation - sometimes too exaggerated (too safe or too risky). The paper presents the elaborated "self-terminated carbonation model" that includes abovementioned factors and enables to indicate the maximal possible depth of carbonation. This is possible because presented model is a hyperbolic function of carbonation depth in time (the other models published in the literature use the parabolic function that theoretically assume the infinite increase of carbonation depth value). The paper discusses the presented model in comparison to other models published in the literature, moreover it contains the algorithm of concrete cover design with use of the model as well as an example of calculation of the cover thickness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 1995

The effect of lipoxygenase (LOX) on the oxidation and co-oxidation of lipid fraction was studied in the model system of rainbow trout. For the reaction in model system 1 g of lipid fraction and 50mL of enzyme extract(LOX, 140 unit in 50mL phosphate buffer solution at pH 7, 4)), which were obtained from rainbow trout, were homoginized in the presence of Tween 20 and kept at 23$\circ$C for 3 days. The activity of LOX was decreased to 43% of initial level during the reaction in the model system. The initial composition of rainbow trout lipid was showed to be consisted of trigliceride(TG;82%) and free fatty acid(FFA;0.1%), while this converted to 59% of TG and 20% of FIFA, respectively after reaction in model system. Change of fatty acid composition was also observed and the content of linoleic acid, one of the major fatte acids, was decreased to 13% from 54% in the content of total fatty acids after reaction. The carotenoids in rainbow trout were composed of 0.4% $\alpha$-carotene, 1.6% $\beta$ -carotene, 80% canthaxanthin, 7% lutein and 11% zeaxanthin, thus the canthaxanthin was the major component. This canthaxanthin was the most degraded carotenoid by lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation during the reaction. On the other hand the tocopherol isomers found in the rainbow trout were $\alpha$ and $\beta$ -tocopherol, and $\alpha$-tocopherol had a higher degradation rate by the lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation than of $\beta$-tocopherol in the reaction of model system.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.567-580
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• 2015

In order to select an optimum gasifier for specific low rank coal, evaluation elements were studied by analyzing characteristics of low rank coal compared with those of high rank coal and the effects of each gasifier type in accordance with the characteristics. And syngas composition calculation model was made on the basis of thermochemical equilibrium to quantify some of the evaluation elements. And then the suitable gasifier was selected for a kind of Indonesian low rank coal through this syngas composition calculation model and the evaluation elements of selecting gasifier.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.279-286
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• 2001

A load modeling, micro method, is performed by component load modeling, load composition rate estimation and aggregation of component load model, etc. The load model obtained from this process must be applied to actual load bus to verify it and to get reliable load model. But it is difficult to apply every load bus due to al lot of load buses and complex experiment. This paper proposed the field test method in load bus to verify the load modeling. For appropriate field test, representative load buses are selected by the proposed algorithm considering the composition rate of user category in all load buses. The field tests were performed at selected load buses to obtain load characteristics of bus by time and seasonal without blackout. The results of measurement and analysis are presented in detail.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.37-40
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• 2012

In an entrained flow coal gasifier, predicting the reaction behavior of pulverized coal particles requires detailed information on devolatilization, char gasification, gaseous reactions, turbulence and heat transfer. Among the input parameters, the rate of devolatilization and the composition of volatile species are difficult to determine by experiments due to a high pressure (~40 bar) and temperature (${\sim}1500^{\circ}C$). This study investigates the effect of devolatilization models on the reaction and heat transfer characteristics of a 300 MWe Shell coal gasifier. A simplified devolatilization model and advanced model based on Flashchain were evaluated, which had different volatiles composition and devolatilization rates. It was found that the tested models produce similar flow and reaction trends, but the simplified model slightly over-predict the temperature and wall heat flux near the coal inlets.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2004

The applicability of the combined nearly ideal binary solvent/Redlich-Kister (CNIBS/R-K) equation for correlation of various solvatochromic parameters (SP) with composition is shown employing 84 experimental data sets for aqueous and organic binary solvent systems at temperatures ranging 15 to $75^{\circ}C$. The model provides a simple computational model to correlate/predict different SP values in various binary solvent systems. In proposed equations, $MPD_s$ (mean percentage deviations) are between 0.0500% and 6.9591% in mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide with 2-methylpropan-2-ol and benzene with 2-methylpropan-2-ol, respectively. Correlation of the calculated and experimental values of various SP give an equation with an overall mean percentage deviation (OMPD) of 1.1900, $R^2$ = 0.99692, s.e = 0.01223 and F = 341925.51. Approximately 70% of the calculated SP values have IPD (individual percentage deviation) lower than one and it is possible to predict unmeasured SP values by using only eight experimental data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1623-1629
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to assess the application of recycled-aggregate that is gained from construction wastes as the material of compaction pile method. At the same time, the development of the new technique rectifies defects of the existing compaction pile method for soft ground improvement. In this research, model tests were conducted for analyzing the effect of the soft ground improvement by porous concrete pile using recycled aggregate. Through the results of the model tests, the behavior of settlement on composition ground with surcharge pressure were elucidated.