• Wind and Structures
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.221-241
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• 2000

Structural dynamics usually applies modal transformation rules aimed at de-coupling and/or minimizing the equations of motion. Proper orthogonal decomposition provides mathematical and conceptual tools to define suitable transformed spaces where a multi-variate and/or multi-dimensional random process is represented as a linear combination of one-variate and one-dimensional uncorrelated processes. Double modal transformation is the joint application of modal analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition applied to the loading process. By adopting this method the structural response is expressed as a double series expansion in which structural and loading mode contributions are superimposed. The simultaneous use of the structural modal truncation, the loading modal truncation and the cross-modal orthogonality property leads to efficient solutions that take into account only a few structural and loading modes. In addition the physical mechanisms of the dynamic response are clarified and interpreted.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

Response spectrum method is still an effective approach for the design of buildings with supplemental dampers. In practice, complex complete quadratic combination (CCQC) rule is always used in the response spectrum method to consider the effect of non-classical damping. The conventional CCQC rule is based on exact complex mode vectors. Sometimes the calculated complex mode vectors may be not excited by the external loading and errors in the structural responses always arise due to the mode truncation. Load-dependent Ritz (LDR) vectors are associated with the external loading and LDR vectors not excited can be automatically excluded. Also, contributions of higher modes are implicitly contained in the LDR vectors in terms of static responses. To improve the calculation efficiency and accuracy, LDR vectors are introduced in the CCQC rule in the present study. Firstly, the generation procedure of LDR vectors suitable for non-classical damping system is presented. Compared to the conventional LDR vectors, the LDR vectors herein are complex-valued and named as complex LDR (CLDR) vectors. Based on the CLDR vectors, the CCQC rule is then rederived and an improved response spectrum method is developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper is verified through three typical non-classical damping buildings. Numerical results show that the CLDR vector is superior to the complex mode with the same number in the calculation. Since the generation of CLDR vectors requires less computational cost and storage space, the method proposed in this paper offers an attractive alternative, especially for structures with a large number of degrees of freedom.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 용평리조트 타워콘도, 21-22 May 1998
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• pp.419-425
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• 1998

This paper presents a method of enhancing the accuracy of hybrid modelling that predicts dynamic characteristics of the coupled structure by synthesizing after FE analysis and vibration experimental analysis of the relevant individual substructure. Since most FE models in engineering problems are very large, dynamic analysis with the full FE model is costly. Frequency response function(FRF) synthesis after reducing the FE model can reduce this computational cost but introduce mode truncation error similarly in the case of considering only low-frequency mode after eigensolutions of the complete structure. This paper introduces a FRF of FE model for hybrid FRF synthesis, which is reduced by using IIRS methods and compensated through eigensolutions of the reduced model, and shows the effectiveness of the presented method.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 비비례 감쇠시스템을 효율적으로 해석할 수 있도록 모드 가속도법(mode acceleration method)과 모드 절삭 보강법(modal truncation augmentation method)을 확장하고 그 사용성을 검증하였다,. 비례 감쇠시스템의 동응답해서에 널리 사용되는 모드 가속도법과 모드 절삭보강법은 누락된 고차모드의 영향을 보정하여 모드 중첩법의 결과를 개선하는 방법이다. 기존의 방법들로 비비례 감쇠시스템을 해석하는 경우 비비례 감쇠특성을 무시하지 않으며 정확하고 효율적으로 해석할 수 있도록 모드 가속도법과 모드 절삭보강법을 확장하였다. 비례 감쇠시스템에서는 모드 가속도법보다 모드 절삭보강법이 더 효율적인 반면에 비비례 감쇠시스템에서는 대부분의 경우에 있어서 확장된 두 방법의 효율성이 동일하다. 그러나 수치적 안정성은 확장된 모드 가속도법이 모드절삭 보강법보다 우수하다. 이와 같은 확장된 모드 가속도법과 모드 절삭보강법의 사용성 검？을 위해서 이론적 방법과 수치예제를 수행하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

모우드 중첩법은 구조 동역학 문제의 선형 거동해를 위해서 가장 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 모우드 중첩법의 큰 장점은 보통 저차 모우드의 작은 수 만으로 구조물의 거동해석이 충분하다는 것이다. 그러나 많은 수의 자유도를 갖는 거대 구조물에서는 수렴속도가 느리고, 정확한 모우드 중첩법이 되기 위해서는 많은 수의 모우드 수가 필요하게 된다. 모우드 중첩법의 부정확성은 사용되는 모우드 수의 절삭에 의해서 발생된다. 이러한 단점들은 모우드 가속도법에 의해서 극복될 수 있다. 조화하중을 받는 단순보에 대하여 예제해석을 수행하였으며, 두 방법에 의해서 절점 변위들의 수렴성을 비교하였다. 비교적 낮은 주파수를 갖는 하중에 대하여 모우드 가속도법은 저차 모우드 1개만으로도 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 방법은 수치해석에 있어서 더 경제적이며 또한 정확한 해가 된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권3호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2020

Passive control technologies are commonly used in several areas to suppress structural vibrations by the addition of supplementary damping, and some modal damping may be heavy beyond critical damping even for regular structures with energy dissipation devices. The design of passive control structures is typically based on (complex) mode superposition approaches. However, the conventional mode superposition approach is predominantly applied to cases of under-critical damping. Moreover, when any modal damping ratio is equal or close to 1.0, the system becomes defective, i.e., a complete set of eigenvectors cannot be obtained such that some well-known algorithms for the quadratic eigenvalue problem are invalid. In this paper, a generalized complex mode superposition method that is suitable for under-critical, critical and over-critical damping is proposed and expressed in a unified form for structural displacement, velocity and acceleration responses. In the new method, the conventional algorithm for the eigenvalue problem is still valid, even though the system becomes defective due to critical modal damping. Based on the modal truncation error analysis, modal corrected methods for displacement and acceleration responses are developed to approximately consider the contribution of the truncated higher modes. Finally, the implementation of the proposed methods is presented through two numerical examples, and the effectiveness is investigated. The results also show that over-critically damped modes have a significant impact on structural responses. This study is a development of the original complex mode superposition method and can be applied well to dynamic analyses of non-classically damped systems.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제21권
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• pp.253-289
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is about the search pattern of LINNET (Library Information Network System) OPAC users by transaction log, maintained by POSTECH(Pohang University of Science and Technology) Central Library, to provide feedback information of OPAC system design. The results of this study are as follows. First, for the period of this analysis, there were totally 11, 218 log-ins, 40, 627 transaction logs and 3.62 retrievals per a log-in. Title keyword was the most frequently used, but accession number, bibliographic control number or call number was very infrequently used. Second, 47.02% of OPAC, searches resulted in zero retrievals. Bibliographic control number was the least successful search. User displayed 2.01% full information and 64.27% local information per full information. Third, special or advanced retrieval features are very infrequently used. Only 22.67% of the searches used right truncation and 0.71% used the qualifier. Only 1 boolean operator was used in every 22 retrievals. The most frequently used operator is 'and (&)' with title keywords. But 'bibliographical control number (N) and accessionnumber (R) are not used at all with any operators. The causes of search failure are as follows. 1. The item was not used in the database. (15, 764 times : 79.42%). 2. The wrong search key was used. (3, 761 times : 18.95%) 3. The senseless string (garbage) was entered. (324 times : 1.63%) On the basis of these results, some recommendations are suggested to improve the search success rate as follows. First, a n.0, ppropriate user education and online help function let users retrieve LINNET OPAC more efficiently. Second, several corrections of retrieval software will decrease the search failure rate. Third, system offers right truncation by default to every search term. This methods will increase success rate but should considered carefully. By a n.0, pplying this method, the number of hit can be overnumbered, and system overhead can be occurred. Fourth, system offers special boolean operator by default to every keyword retrieval when user enters more than two words at a time. Fifth, system assists searchers to overcome the wrong typing of selecting key by automatic korean/english mode change.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 대표적 투영기반 모델차수축소법인 크리로프 부공간 모델차수축소법(KSM)과 모드중첩법(MTM)을 고려하여 주파수응답해석에 대한 수치적 정확도와 효율성을 비교하였다. 두 모델차수축소법의 수치 정확도 비교를 위하여 주파수응답해석 결과, 축소차수 및 관심주파수에 따른 상대오차를 고려하였으며 이후에 오차수렴지표를 통한 자동적인 축소차수의 결정이 가능 여부를 확인하였다. 효율성 비교를 위해서는 각 축소모델의 주파수응답 해석시간 및 축소차수에 따른 변환행렬 생성시간을 비교하였다. 자동차 현가장치에 대한 유한요소모델을 적용예제로 선정하여 수치 비교를 수행하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

FPSO model tests of mooring line failure were carried out in the ocean basin at KRISO. The characteristics of the motions and mooring lines were investigated. The FPSO ship was moored using an internal turret and catenary mooring. The test model was 1/60 scale. The mooring lines were designed to satisfy the characteristics of the original mooring lines using the truncation method. The experiments were conducted under various environments: a safe wave, current and wind condition; single broken mooring line condition; and transient mode condition. The moment of the break was determined based on experimental test results. The results showed that the FPSO behavior and mooring line tensions were acceptable under the failure condition.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

A family of the structure-dependent methods seems very promising for time integration since it can simultaneously have desired numerical properties, such as unconditional stability, second-order accuracy, explicit formulation and numerical dissipation. However, an unusual overshoot, which is essentially different from that found by Goudreau and Taylor in the transient response, has been experienced in the steady-state response of a high frequency mode. The root cause of this unusual overshoot is analytically explored and then a remedy is successfully developed to eliminate it. As a result, an improved formulation of this family method can be achieved.