• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2001

This paper describes the effect of various molding pressure for Mode I. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites by using double cantilever beam(DCB), end notched flexure(ENF) and end loaded split(ELS) Specimen. The value of $G_{IC}$, $G_{IIC}$ as a function of various molding pressure is almost same at 307, 431, 585 kPa, however it shows highest value under 307kPa molding pressure, The SEM photographs show good fiber distribution and interfacial bonding of composites when the molding pressure is the 307kPa.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2003

Copper-based leadframe sheets were oxidized in a hot alkaline solution to form brown-oxide layer on the surface and molded with epoxy molding compound (EMC). The brown-oxide-coated leadframe/EMC joints were machined to form sandwiched double-cantilever beam (SDCB) specimens and sandwiched Brazil-nut (SBN) specimens for the purpose of measuring the fracture toughness of leadframe/EMC interfaces. The SDCB and the SBN specimens were designed to measure the fracture toughness of the leadframe/EMC interfaces under nearly mode-I loading and mixed-mode (mode I ＋ mode II) loading conditions, respectively. Fracture surfaces were analyzed by various equipment such as glancing-angle XRD, SEM, AES, EDS and AFM to elucidate failure path. Results showed that failure occurred irregularly in the SDCB specimens, and oxidation time of 2 minutes divided the types of irregular failures into two classes. The failure in the SBN specimens was quite different from that in the SDCB specimens. The failure path in the SBN specimens was not dependent on the phase angle as well as the distance from tips of pre-cracks.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.851-858
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• 2004

본 연구는 디스크로 콘크리트의 파괴인성을 구하는 경우에, 적절한 디스크의 크기(직경, 두께) 및 노치 길이 비를 제안하기 위해서 다양한 크기의 디스크와 RILEM 3점 휨 보의 파괴인성을 비교하였다. 또한 이렇게 정해진 디스크에 대하여 디스크의 노치 경사를 변화시키는 방법으로 혼합모드 응력확대계수를 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 콘크리트의 압축강도는 44.9MPa이었으며 모드 I 시험에 사용된 디스크의 직경은 200, 300, 400mm 두께는 75, 100, 125mm, 노치 길이 비 a/R은 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6이고 혼합모드 시험에 사용된 치수는 직경이 300mm, 두께는100mm 노치 길이 비 a/R은 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6이었다. 디스크의 응력확대계수는 유한요소해석(FEA), 5개항 근사법, 소균열 근사법, Fowell & Xu의 방법으로 구하고 각각의 결과를 서로 비교하여 해석방법의 타당성을 조사하였다. 모드 I 실험 결과 디스크의 직경 D가 300mm이고 두께 t가 100mm일 때의 파괴인성 $K_{IC}$ 값이 RILEM 3점 휨 시험의 결과에 가장 근접하여 디스크 시험으로 파괴인성치를 쉽게 구할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 디스크 시편은 혼합모드 파괴의 연구 및 시험에 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2005

Copper based leadframe sheets were immersed in two kinds of hot alkaline solutions to form brown-oxide or blackoxide layer on the surface. The oxide-coated leadframe sheets were molded with epoxy molding compound (EMC). After post mold curing, the oxide-coated EMC-leadframe joints were machined to form sandwiched double-cantilever beam (SDCB) specimens. The SDCB specimens were used to measure the fracture toughness of the EMC/leadframe interfaces under quasi-Mode I loading conditions. After fracture toughness testing, the fracture surface were analyzed by various equipment to investigate failure path. An adhesion model was suggested to explain the failure path formation. The adhesion model is based on the strengthening mechanism of fiber-reinforced composite. The present paper deals with the introduction of the adhesion model. The explanation of the failure path with the proposed adhesion model was introduced in the companion paper.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.352-361
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• 2001

저온 냉각상태 및 냉각 후 상온 해빙 상태에서 암석의 모드 I 파괴인성을 BDT와 CCNBD시험편을 사용하여 구하였다. 실험 온도 범위는 상온($25^{\circ}C$)에서 -16$0^{\circ}C$로 설정하였으며 건조 및 포화된 화강암과 사암을 사용하여 파괴인성에 대한 공극수와 공극률의 영향 정도를 조사하고자 하였다. 또한 냉각 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 열균열을 조사하기 위해서 SEM 이미지 분석도 실시하였다. 냉각된 암석의 파괴인성은 온도가 하강함에 따라 증가하였다. 이러한 증가경향은 포화시료에서 더 크게 나타났으며, 포화 시료의 경우 화강암의 증가율이 사암에 비해 크게 나타났다. 냉각 후 상온 해빙 상태에서 구한 파괴인성의 경우, 냉각을 거 치지 않은 상온 상태의 파괴인성 값의 15% 이내에서 결정되었다. 냉각-해빙을 거친 시료에 대한 SEM 분석결과 화강암의 경우 조암광물간의 열팽창 차이에 의한 열균열을 확인할 수 있었으며 냉각온도가 낮을수록 균열밀도가 증가하였다.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-laminar fracture toughness characteristics of CFRP pultrusion spar cap materials reinforced with non-woven glass fabric. Test specimens were fabricated by the infusion technique. A non-woven glass fabric and artificial defects were embedded on the middle surface between two pultruded CFRP panels. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and End Notched Flexure (ENF) tests were performed according to ASTM standards. Fracture toughness and crack propagation characteristics were evaluated with load-displacement curves and delamination resistance curves (R-Curve). The fracture toughness results were calculated by compliance calibration (CC) method. The initiation and propagation values of Mode-I critical strain energy release rate value G_Ic were 1.357 kJ/m2 and 1.397 kJ/m2, respectively, and Mode-II critical strain energy release rate values G_IIc were 4.053 kJ/m2 for non-precracked test and 4.547 kJ/m2 for precracked test. It was found that the fracture toughness properties of the CFRP pultrusion spar-cap are influenced by the interface between the layers of CFRP and glass fiber non-woven.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2000

구리계 리드페임의 표면에 흑생산화물을 형성시키기 위하여 알칼리 용액에 담궈 산화시킨후 EMC(epoxy molding compound)로 몰딩하였고 기계적 가공을 하여 SDCB(sandwiched double-cantilever beam) 및 SBN(sandwiched Brazil-nut)시편을 만들었다. SDCB와 SBN 시편은 리드프레임/EMC 계면의 접착력을 각각 준 mode I 하중 및 혼합모드 하중 하에서 파괴인성치로 측정하기 위하여 고안되었다. 파괴경로를 밝혀내기 위하여 접착력 츨정 후에 얻어진 파면에 대하여 glancing-angle XRD, SEM, AFM, EDS 및 AES를 이용하여 분석하였다. SDCB 실험 후의 파면은 파괴되는 양상에 따라 세 가지 형태로 나눌 수 있었으며, 각 형태는 리드프레임의 접착전 표면 산화물 형성 상태와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. SBN 실험 후의 파면은 균열에서 가까운 부분과 먼 부분으로 나누어지는 특징을 보였는데, 이는 동적 파괴 효과(dynamic fracture effect)에 기인하는 것이라 생각된다. 또한 위상각에 따라 확실히 다른 파괴 양상을 보였는데, 이는 위상각에 따라 mode II 성분이 변하기 때문으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 1991

Tests of notched specimens of ten hardwood species in the LR and LT systems were conducted to investigate fracture toughness($K_{IC}$) and effective moduli of elasticity(MOE). $K_{IC}$ values were examined in relation to MOR, MOE, specific gravity of clear wood specimens. It was found in both systems that there were significant relationship between $K_{IC}$ and MOR, $K_{IC}$ and specific gravity. To predict the effective MOE of notched specimen from MOE of clear wood, it was analyzed by using equvalent cross-section method. In LR system, the observed values were similar to the predicted values, but in LT system, both were not agreed as the ovserved values were smaller. However. the results were shown that this method was avaliable to predict the effective MOE of notched specimens.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2004

In this paper, the fracture toughness and mechanisms of failure in a random SiC-whisker/$Al_{2}O_3$ ceramic composite were investigated using in situ observations during mode I(opening) loading. $SiC_{w}/Al_{2}O_3$ composite was obtained by hot press sintering of $Al_{2}O_3$ powder and SiC whisker as the matrix and reinforcement, respectively. The whisker and powder were mixed using a turbo mill. The composite was produced at SiC whisker volume fraction of $0.3\%$. Compared with monolithic $Al_{2}O_3$, fracture toughness enhancement was observed in $SiC_{w}/Al_{2}O_3$ composite. This improved fracture toughness was attributed to SiC whisker bridging and crack deflection. $SiC_{w}/Al_{2}O_3$ composite exhibited typically brittle fracture behavior, but a fracture process zone was observed in this composite. This means that the load versus load-line displacement curve of $SiC_{w}/Al_{2}O_3$ composite from a fracture test may involve a small non-linear region near the peak load.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2004

Copper-based leadframe sheets were oxidized in two kinds of hot alkaline solutions to form brown-oxide or black-oxide layer on the surface. The oxide coated leadframe sheets were molded with epoxy molding compound (EMC). After post mold curing, the oxide-coated EMC-leadframe joints were machined to form sandwiched Brazil-nut (SBN) specimens. The SBN specimens were used to measure the fracture toughness of the EMC/leadframe interfaces under mixed-mode (mode I + mode II) loading conditions. Fracture surfaces were analyzed by various equipment to investigate failure path. The results revealed that the failure paths were strongly dependent on the oxide type. In case of brown oxide, hackle-type failure was observed and failure path lay near the EMC/CuO interface with a little inclining to CuO at all case. On the other hand, in case of black oxide, quite different failure path was observed with respect to the distance from the tip of pre-crack and phase angle. Different failures occurred with oxide type is presumed to be due to the difference in microstructure of the oxides.