• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.17 no.6 s.78
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

이동통신 망을 이용한 데이터통신 서비스는 정보형인 무선인터넷 서비스와 통신형인 SMS 서비스로 구분하여 국내 무선인터넷 산업 동향을 파악하고, 해외 주요 국가들과 비교하였다. 우리나라와 일본은 통신형과 정보형 서비스가 균형을 이루며 고루 발전하고 있음을 확인하였으며, 서유럽 지역에서는 통신형 서비스 위주로 발전하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 국내의 데이터통신 서비스는 매출액, 트래픽 면에서 아직 초기시장에 머물러 있으나, 무선인터넷 가입자 기반이 넓고, 높은 성장세를 보이고 있는 등 긍정적인 측면들도 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 WAP/ME 등 브라우저 방식의 가입자가 증가하고 있으며, CP 및 유료 사이트의 수가 증가하는 등 무선인터넷 서비스의 성장을 위한 기반은 잘 갖춰진 것으로 판단된다. 그러므로 가입자 중 실제 사용자의 비중을 늘리고, 이용자들이 좋아하는 콘텐츠를 확대하여 데이터통신의 매출액 비중을 선진 이동통신 국가들 수준으로 높이기 위한 노력이 요구되고 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 1993

We describe here the conditions of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressures liquid chromatography (HPLC) to improve the analytical method of phosphotyrosine (p-Tyr) in biological sample. TLC was performed on silica plate with the mixture of propanol and water (2.1 : 1 v/v) as a mobile phase and $R_1$ values were 0.42, 0.39 and 0.33 for phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine and phosphoserine, respectively. HPLC was performed on $NH_2$ column with a mobile phase of potassium biphosphate solution by UV deterction at 192 nm. The optimum condition of HPLC was obtained at 0.01 M, pH 4.5 with a clear separation within 12 min. These procedures have been applied to the analysis of phosphotyrosine obtained from tyrosine-phosphorylated enolase. Both TLC and HPLC methods were suitable to analyze tyrosine-phosphorylated protein without being affected by contaminants from hydrolysates.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1994

As for analytes which did not represent the differences of the selectivity on the stationary and mobile phase, secondary chemical equilibrium theory was applied to study pH effects on the separation of alkylphenols. Mobile phase was consisted of an aqueous sodium carbonate-bicarbonate buffer and acetonitrile. The maximum selectivity for adjacent peak pairs was predicted from those values of $k^{\prime}_{HA}/k^{\prime}_{A-}$ and ${\Delta}pK$. The optimum pH determined by this method was 11.18 pH and solvent selectivity were considered at the same time to invoke the full range of selectivity effects possible for separations. Quaternary mixture composed of methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and water was adjusted to optimum pH 11.18. As the statistical simplex technique of an overlapping resolution map (ORM) was used to predict the optimized solvent system. The optimum solvent, which gives complete separation of alkylphenols, was determined as follws MeOH : ACN : THF = 14.4 : 81.8 : 2.8.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1204-1227
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• 2020

The tradeoff between energy conservation and traffic balancing is a dilemma problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). By analyzing the intrinsic relationship between cluster properties and long distance transmission energy consumption, we characterize three node sets of the cluster as a theoretical foundation to enhance high performance of WSNs, and propose optimal solutions by introducing rendezvous and Mobile Elements (MEs) to optimize energy consumption for prolonging the lifetime of WSNs. First, we exploit an approximate method based on the transmission distance from the different node to an ME to select suboptimal Rendezvous Point (RP) on the trajectory for ME to collect data. Then, we define data transmission routing sequence and model rendezvous planning for the cluster. In order to achieve optimization of energy consumption, we specifically apply the economic theory called Diminishing Marginal Utility Rule (DMUR) and create the utility function with regard to energy to develop an adaptive energy consumption optimization framework to achieve energy efficiency for data collection. At last, Rendezvous Transmission Algorithm (RTA) is proposed to better tradeoff between energy conservation and traffic balancing. Furthermore, via collaborations among multiple MEs, we design Two-Orbit Back-Propagation Algorithm (TOBPA) which concurrently handles load imbalance phenomenon to improve the efficiency of data collection. The simulation results show that our solutions can improve energy efficiency of the whole network and reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes, which in turn prolong the lifetime of WSNs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.849-856
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• 2008

As the XML is used as the standard format for information delivery and exchange in various fields, the SVG is frequently used as a user interface or expression tool for the embedded system like an internet based mobile phone. The SVG file must contain additional information specifying the structure of the document and it consumes more transmission time than the actual data sent. The SMETA(Svg transmission MEthod using Semantic meTAdata) system[9] is a study to reduce the size of the SVG file by partitioning the SVG file to a minimal size and assigning meaningful meta data to each portion of the data. In this paper, instead of the meta data exchange method for reducing the size of the file exchanged in the existing SMETA system, we studied an improved version of SMETA system that analyzes the data for each user in the server system and only transmits the data that a user needs. In addition, through our simulation, we verified that it provides better performance than the existing system even if encryption is used.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.92-102
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• 2013

The definition of mobile phone was a device that can make and receive telephone calls or messages for communication but it has rapidly developed from communication tool into multi-function device. Especially since release of smart phone, Korea is one of the highest country in the world and the statistics can be interpreted into people positively accept new technology. Therefore it's time to study on usage behavior according to different generation of mobile phone. Based on media richness theory and elaboration likelihood model, we analyzed factors affecting usage behavior of mobile phone. Case study methodology were constructed a survey to female university students from 20-24 years of age.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

Glycyrrhizin (GA) content in licorice was determined by a couple of methods using HPLC, respectively. In Method(I), GA content itself was determined from the licorice aqueous extract, while in Method (II) glycyrrhetinic acid (GHeA ; the aglicone of GA) content corresponding to the quantity of GA was measured from the chloroform extract of the hydrolyzed product of licorice aqueous extract. A reverse phase column Hibar Lichrosorb RP-18 (E. Merck) was used as the stationary phase. As the mobile phase MeOH: $H_{2}O$(0.05M-$NaH_{2}PO_{4}$)=58 : 42 solution in Method (I), and MeOH: $H_{2}O $: AcOH=78; 19: 3 solution in Method (II) were suitable, respectively. The value obtained by Method (II) appeared slightly higher than that by Method (I). The effect of some other herbal drugs on the assay of GA quantity in mixed sample was also observed in both above two methods. By Method (I) Cassiae Cortex, Rehmaniae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, and Angelicae Radix gave the subtractive effect on the amount of GA compared with the value from licorice alone. In the case of Method (II) Cassiae Cortex and Rehmaniae Rhizoma appeared to have subtractive effect but Paeoniae Radix and Angelicae Radix scarcely showed any influence. Pachymae Fungus did not affect the GA content at all. It seems that glycyrrhizin in licorice interacts with certain components of other herbal drugs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.828-832
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• 2005

무선 인터넷에서는 원격지 이동, 근무자의 근무지원, 무선 상거래로 그 초점이 맞추어지면서 당연히 현재 무선인터넷의 보안도 트랜잭션(transaction) 보안을 시발점으로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 무선인터넷에서 가장 화두가 되고 있는 WPKI(Wireless Public Key Infrastructure)를 이용한 단대단(End-to-End) 시스템과 MVPN(Mobile Virtual Private Network)을 분석하고, 현재 국내에서 무선인터넷 서비스를 하고 있는 이동통신 사업자의 네트워크 환경을 분석하여, 우선적으로 이동통신망을 이용한 무선 인터넷에서의 보안 시스템에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 그리고 이동전화사업자와 단말기 업체들에 이어 종합 포털(portal)들도 호환성이 강점인 자바 기반의 ‘J2ME(Jave 2 Micro Edition)’을 사용하여 무선인터넷 플랫폼 최적화 움직임이 가속화되고 있는 추세에 맞추어, 본 논문에서는 무선 인터넷 서비스 방식 중 콘텐츠 프로그램의 서버 보관 등 타사 플랫폼과는 차별화된 서비스를 제공하기 때문에 이용자들에게 한층 더 향상된 무선인터넷 서비스를 이용할 수 있게 하는 J2ME 서비스를 기초로 한 단대단간의 보안 역할을 하는 중계보안시스템에 대해 논의하고자 하며, 향후 그 모듈의 일환으로 무선 암호 메시지 전송의 구현을 통하여 이를 현실화하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.600-603
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• 1996

The methanol extract of Aralia elata bark showed antimicrobial activities against bacteria, yeast and fungi. The active components were successively purified with solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, silica gel partition column chromatography and HPLC. The active substances were separated with HPLC where 1% acetic acid-MeOH (60 : 40, v/v) was used as mobile phase. The isolated active substance ($t_r$ 17.1 min) was identified as trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid by $MS,\;^1H-NMR\;and\;^13C-NMR$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.901-905
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• 1995

Three flavonoid compounds, astragalin(1), isoquercitrin(2) and quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl(1-2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside(3)$ isolated from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides were identified and quantified by HPLC. All flavonoids were well separated on a ${\mu}-Bondapak\;C_{18}$ column with a mobile phase composed of THF-dioxane-MeOH-HOAc-5% $H_3PO_4-H_2O$(145 : 125 : 50 : 20 : 2 : 658). The contents of compound 1 in the methanol extract and n-butanol fraction were 0.09%(w/w) and 0.46%(w/w), of compound 2 were 0.08%(w/w) and 0.48%(w/w), and of compound 3 were 0.40%(w/w) and 1.22%(w/w), respectively.