• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.857-872
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• 2014

Recent researches reveal that great benefit can be achieved for data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by employing mobile data collectors. In order to balance the energy consumption at sensor nodes and prolong the network lifetime, a multi-track large-scale mobile data collection mechanism (MTDCM) is proposed in this paper. MTDCM is composed of two phases: the Energy-balance Phase and the Data Collection Phase. In this mechanism, the energy-balance trajectories, the sleep-wakeup strategy and the data collection algorithm are determined. Theoretical analysis and performance simulations indicate that MTDCM is an energy efficient mechanism. It has prominent features on balancing the energy consumption and prolonging the network lifetime.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3421-3425
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• 2015

센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드의 구성은 연속적인 단일한 지역에 분포하기도 하지만 네트워크의 특성에 따라 여러 분리된 지역에 노드들이 분포하여 네트워크를 운영할 수 있다. 여러 지역에 분포된 센서 노드에 대한 자료 수집은 기존의 연속적인 지역의 자료 수집과는 특성이 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 분산된 지역에 의한 센서 네트워크의 운영은 기존의 연속적인 네트워크와는 다르게 운영될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산된 지역에서 분포된 센서 노드에 대한 데이터 수집 방안에 대해 기술한다. 분산된 지역의 노드들은 이동 싱크와의 즉각적인 연결이 불가능할 수 있으므로 노드의 운영방안에 대해 고려하여야 한다. 이동 싱크와의 즉각적인 연결 방안에서는 실시간 데이터 전송이 가능하겠지만 분산 지역에서의 싱크 연결은 이동 싱크의 이동 특성을 고려하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 제안 방안을 분석하고자 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에서 분산 센서 네트워크에서 주기적 데이터 수집 방안이 임계치 방안에 의한 데이터 수집보다 전체 운영시간이 더 길게 나타냄을 보이고 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2005

For better performance over a noisy channel, mobile wireless networks transmit packets with forward error correction (FEC) code to recover corrupt bits without retransmission. The static determination of the FEC code size, however, degrades their performance since the evaluation of the underlying channel state is hardly accurate and even widely varied. Our measurements over a wireless sensor network, for example, show that the average bit error rate (BER) per second or per minute continuously changes from 0 up to $10^{-3}$. Under this environment, wireless networks waste their bandwidth since they can't deterministically select the appropriate size of FEC code matching to the fluctuating channel BER. This paper proposes an adaptive FEC technique called adaptive FEC code control (AFECCC), which dynamically tunes the amount of FEC code per packet based on the arrival of acknowl­edgement packets without any specific information such as signal to noise ratio (SNR) or BER from receivers. Our simulation experiments indicate that AFECCC performs better than any static FEC algorithm and some conventional dynamic hybrid FEC/ARQ algorithms when wireless channels are modeled with two-state Markov chain, chaotic map, and traces collected from real sensor networks. Finally, AFECCC implemented in sensor motes achieves better performance than any static FEC algorithm.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권1B호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2008

센서 네트워크는 수많은 센서 노드로 구성되어 있으며, 주변 환경을 감시하는 용도로 사용된다. 현재까지 수행되어 온 센서 네트워크에 대한 연구는 대부분 고정된 상태의 싱크 노드를 고려하고 있기 때문에, 싱크 노드의 이동성을 바탕으로 한 유비쿼터스 응용에서는 센서 필드에서 수집된 데이터가 이동 싱크 노드가지 끊김없이 전송되는데 어려움이 존재한다. 센서 데이터가 손실되지 않고 이동 싱크 노드에 전달되기 위해서는 라우팅 경로가 싱크 노드의 이동에 따라 갱신되어야 하는데, 본 논문에서는 센서 네트워크의 계층적 멀티 홉 라우팅 프로토콜에서 이동 싱크 노드로 향한 라우팅 경로가 손실되지 않고 계속해서 갱신되도록 하는 방안을 제안한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 방안의 우수성을 검증하였으며, 위치 기반 라우팅 프로토콜을 사용하여 이동 싱크 노드로 향한 경로를 갱신하는 기존 방법과 성능을 비교하여 제안된 방안이 기존 방안 보다 우수함을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1778-1786
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• 2009

Many sensor network applications have been developed for smart home, disaster management, and a wide range of other applications. These applications, however, generally assume a fixed base station as well as fixed sensor nodes. Previous research on sensor networks mainly focused on efficient transmission of data from sensors to fixed sink nodes. Recently there has been active research on mobile sink nodes, sink mobility is one of the most comprehensive trends for information gathering in sensor networks, but the research of an environment where both fixed sink nodes and mobile sinks are present at the same time is rather scarce. This paper proposes a scheme for context-aware by ubiquitous devices with the sink functionality added through fixed sinks under a previously-built, cluster-based multi-hop sensor network environment. To this end, clustering of mobile devices were done based on the fixed sinks of a previously-built sensor network, and by using appropriate fixed sinks, context gathering was made possible. By mathematical comparison with TTDD routing protocol, which was proposed for mobile sinks, it was confirmed that performance increases by average 50% in energy with the number of mobile sinks, and with the number of movements by mobile devices.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2021

Game theory has been regarded as a useful theoretical tool for modeling the interactions between distinct entities and thus it has been harnessed in various research field. In particular, research attention has been shown to how to apply game theory to modeling the interactions between malign and benign entities in the field of wireless networks. Although various game theoretic modeling work have been proposed in the field of wireless networks, our proposed work is disparate to the existing work in the sense that we focus on mobile malign node detection problem in static wireless sensor networks. More specifically, we propose a Bayesian game theoretic modeling for mobile malign node detection problem in static wireless sensor networks. In our modeling, we formulate a two-player static Bayesian game with imperfect information such that player 1 is aware of the type of player 2, but player 2 is not aware of the type of player 1. We use four strategies in our static Bayesian game. We obtain Bayesian Nash Equilibria with pure strategies under certain conditions.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2015

Self-organization of distributed wireless sensor nodes is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since each sensor node has limited energy, bandwidth, and scalability. These issues prevent sensor nodes from actively collaborating with the other types of sensor nodes deployed in a typical heterogeneous and somewhat hostile environment. The automated self-organization of a WSN becomes more challenging as the number of sensor nodes increases in the network. In this paper, we propose a dynamic self-organized architecture that combines tree topology with a drawn-grid algorithm to automate the self-organization process for WSNs. In order to make our proposed architecture scalable, we assume that all participating active sensor nodes are unaware of their primary locations. In particular, this paper presents two algorithms called active-tree and drawn-grid. The proposed active-tree algorithm uses a tree topology to assign node IDs and define different roles to each participating sensor node. On the other hand, the drawn-grid algorithm divides the sensor nodes into cells with respect to the radio coverage area and the specific roles assigned by the active-tree algorithm. Thus, both proposed algorithms collaborate with each other to automate the self-organizing process for WSNs. The numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic architecture performs much better than a static architecture in terms of the self-organization of wireless sensor nodes and energy consumption.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2012

In recent years, researchers have been attracted to clustering methods to improve communication and data transmission in a network. Compared with traditional wireless networks, wireless sensor networks are energy constrained and have lower data rates. The concept of implementing a clustering algorithm in an existing project on gateway relocation is being explored here. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is applied to an existing study on relocating a gateway. The study is further improved by moving the gateway to a specific cluster based on the number or significance of the events detected. The protocol is improved so that each cluster head can communicate with a mobile gateway. The cluster heads are the only nodes that can communicate with the mobile gateway when it (the mobile gateway) is out of the cluster nodes' transmission range. Once the gateway is in range, the nodes will begin their transmission of real-time data. This alleviates the load of the nodes that would be located closest to the gateway if it were static.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2015

본 논문에서 우리는 모바일 싱크노드를 가지는 모바일 센서 네트워크를 위한 경로배정 프로토콜을 제안합니다. 제안된 논문은 모바일 싱크를 도입하는 것에 의해 확장됩니다. 모바일 싱크는 그 주변의 클러스터 헤드로부터 센싱 데이터를 수집하는 가장 많은 멤버수를 가진 클러스터 헤드로 이동합니다. 이러한 이동은 싱크에 패킷을 보내는데 필요한 에너지소모를 감소시킵니다. 모의실험 결과는 제안된 프로토콜이 에너지 효율면에서 LEACH-ME를 능가하는 것을 보여줍니다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1259-1262
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• 2004

Detecting environmental hazards and monitoring remote terrain are among many sensor network applications. In case of fire detection, it is significantly valuable to monitor fire-spot's shape and trend in time. Mobile ad hoc sensor nodes right round are responsible for sensoring, processing and networking packets, or even launching extinguisher. In this paper, we proposed a ring-oriented Multicast architecture based on "Fisheye State Routing" (MFSR) to organize a group of mobile ad hoc sensor nodes in a multicast way. It is familiar with traditional mesh-based multicast protocol [1] in mobile ad hoc network, trying to concentrates on efficiency and robustness simultaneously. Certain applications-based solution for hazards is proposed, quantitative results including architecture and recovery algorithms of MFSR are also investigated in this paper.