• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing density, number of seeds sown per hole, and thinning treatment on growth characteristics and disease occurrence in Panax ginseng under direct sowing cultivation in a blue plastic greenhouse. Seedling were grown from 2 or 3 seeds sown, and the healthiest was only retained, while the rest were thinned out at the foliation stage. $NO_3$-N, $P_2O_5$, and organic matter content differed significantly between growth conditions in the plastic greenhouse and in conventional shade in the soil. Disease also tended to be higher in the conventional shade than in the plastic greenhouse. Plant height and stem length showed an increasing trend with increasing sowing density and number of seeds sown per hole. However, these measures noticeably decreased when thinning treatment was conducted. Growth of the subterranean part of ginseng was not markedly influenced by sowing density, the number of seeds sown per hole, or thinning treatment. Root weight, which is an important factor in yield, was significantly affected by the number of seeds sown and thinning treatment. Interestingly, root weight tended to be higher in the thinning treatment plot than the untreated control plot. Damping-off and root rot increased noticeably as the number of seeds sown increased. Disease also tended to be substantially higher in the thinning treatment plot than the untreated control. However, physiological disorder of the plants did not vary with sowing density, the number of seeds sown, or thinning treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.582-590
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• 2018

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) play a pivotal role in vascular regeneration in ischemic tissues; however, their therapeutic application in clinical settings is limited due to the low quality and quantity of patient-derived circulating EPCs. To solve this problem, we evaluated whether three priming small molecules (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, fucoidan, and oleuropein) could enhance the angiogenic potential of EPCs. Such enhancement would promote the cellular bioactivities and help to develop functionally improved EPC therapeutics for ischemic diseases by accelerating the priming effect of the defined physiological molecules. We found that preconditioning of each of the three small molecules significantly induced the differentiation potential of $CD34^+$ stem cells into EPC lineage cells. Notably, long-term priming of OECs with the three chemical cocktail (OEC-3C) increased the proliferation potential of EPCs via ERK activation. The migration, invasion, and tube-forming capacities were also significantly enhanced in OEC-3Cs compared with unprimed OECs. Further, the cell survival ratio was dramatically increased in OEC-3Cs against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress via the augmented expression of Bcl-2, a pro-survival protein. In conclusion, we identified three small molecules for enhancing the bioactivities of ex vivo-expanded OECs for vascular repair. Long-term 3C priming might be a promising methodology for EPC-based therapy against ischemic diseases.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.638-646
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• 2023

Recently, active research has been conducted to enhance the power characteristics and thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) by modifying separators using a ceramic coating method. However, since the thermal properties and surface features of the separator vary depending on the characteristics of the ceramic powders applied to the separator, it is crucial to manufacture ceramic powders optimized for the separator's performance. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of three types of α-alumina (A-1, A-2, and A-3) produced with varying dispersant contents and milling times, in addition to commercial α-alumina (AES-11). Subsequently, the optimized powders (A-3) were coated onto the separator using an aqueous binder for comparison with the characteristics of an AES-11 coated separator and an uncoated PE separator. The A-3 coated separator improved electrolyte wettability with a low contact angle (44.69°) and increased puncture strength (538 gf). Furthermore, it exhibited excellent thermal stability, with a shrinkage value of 5.64% when exposed to 140℃ for 1 hour, compared to the AES11 coated separator (6.09%) and the bare PE separator (69.64%).

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

In order to surface Hydrophobilization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber samples were treated in the atmosphere of CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$glow discharge. The sample used in this study was PET film which is 75$\mu$m thick made by Teijin, O-Type(Japan). The cleaned samples were placed in plasma reactor made of pyrex glass cylinder, and plasma processing was carried out by glow discharge of CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ gas, being continuously fed by gas flow and continuously pumped out by a vacuum system. Electric power source for generate plasma state was sustained alternating current(60Hz) and voltage was sustained 600 volt. The duration of plasma treatment varied from 15 to 120 seconds except special case, the monomer gase pressure varied from 0.02 to 0.3 Torr and power range was 10 to 90 watts. The hydrophobic features of changed PET surface were evaluated by contact angle measurement and surface chemical characteristics were analyzed by ESCA. Results can be summerized as follows. 1. The most favorable setting position of substrate was the center area between the two electrodes. 2. $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ discharge current was lower than that of CF$_{4}$ when same voltage was sustained. Treated efficiency between CF$_{4}$ and $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ did not revealed significant differences under same electric power(wattage). 3. When monomer pressure is very low below 0.02 torr, as though substrate is exposed to CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ plasma, it tend to be hydrophilic through a little of fluorine bond and a great deal of oxidizing reaction. 4. There brought good hydrophobilization when monomer pressure was more 0.1 torr and duration of glow discharge treatment was over 45 seconds. When monomer pressure was too high, discharge current became low. Although prolong the duration, there was no more high hydrophobilization. 5. According to ESCA analysis, there were a little CF bond and a prevailing CF$_{2}$ bond in CF$_{4}$-treated substrate. There were CF$_{3}$, a little CF and a prevailing CF$_{2}$ bond in $C_{2}$F$_{6}$-treated substrate.d substrate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.985-993
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate increasing doses of a novel microbial phytase (Cibenza Phytaverse, Novus International, St. Charles, MO, USA) on standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in canola meal (CM), corn, corn-derived distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), rice bran (RB), sorghum, soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), and wheat. Methods: Two cohorts of 36 pigs each (initial body weight = $78.5{\pm}3.7kg$) were randomly assigned to 2 rooms, each housing 36 pigs, and then allotted to 6 diets with 6 replicates per diet in a randomized complete block design. Test ingredient was the only dietary source of P and diets contained 6 concentrations of phytase (0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 phytase units [FTU]/kg) with 0.4% of $TiO_2$ as a digestibility marker. Feeding schedule for each ingredient was 5 d acclimation, 5 d fecal collection, and 4 d washout. The STTD of P increased (linear or exponential $p{\leq}0.001$) with the inclusion of phytase for all ingredients. Results: Basal STTD of P was 37.6% for CM, 37.6% for corn, 68.6% for DDGS, 10.3% for RB, 41.2% for sorghum, 36.7% for SBM, 26.2% for SFM, and 55.1% for wheat. The efficiency of this novel phytase to hydrolyze phytate is best described with a broken-line model for corn, an exponential model for CM, RB, SBM, SFM, and wheat, and a linear model for DDGS and sorghum. Based on best-fit model the phytase dose (FTU/kg) needed for highest STTD of P (%), respectively, was 735 for 64.3% in CM, 550 for 69.4% in corn, 160 for 55.5% in SBM, 1,219 for 57.8% in SFM, and 881 for 64.0% in wheat, whereas a maximum response was not obtained for sorghum, DDGS and RB within the evaluated phytase range of 0 to 2,000 FTU/kg. These differences in the phytase concentration needed to maximize the STTD of P clearly indicate that the enzyme does not have the same hydrolysis efficiency among the evaluated ingredients. Conclusion: Variations in enzyme efficacy to release P from phytate in various feedstuffs need to be taken into consideration when determining the matrix value for phytase in a mixed diet, which likely depends on the type and inclusion concentration of ingredients used in mixed diets for pigs. The use of a fixed P matrix value across different diet types for a given phytase concentration is discouraged as it may result in inaccurate diet formulation.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.69-69
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• 2019

해당화 열매를 숙기 별로 과육의 항산화물질 함량과 씨앗의 지방산 함량을 측정하여 평가하였다. 과육의 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 항산화능을 갈산 환산농도로 나타내면 미성숙 과육은 $4.36{\pm}0.03mg/g$, 성숙 초기 과육은 $4.54{\pm}0.37mg/g$, 성숙 중기 과육에는 $4.78{\pm}0.21mg/g$, 성숙 후기에는 $4.30{\pm}0.22mg/g$ 범위로 항산화능을 보여주었다. 항산화능력은 성숙중기에서 높은 함량을 보여주었고 성숙함에 따라 감소함을 보여주었다. 미성숙, 성숙 초기는 유의한 걸로 나오지만 성숙 중기와 성숙 후기은 다른 성숙도와 유의하지 않았다. 총 페놀 함량의 미성숙 과육은 $1.60{\pm}0.03mg/g$, 성숙 초기 과육은 $1.80{\pm}0.08mg/g$, 성숙 중기 과육에는 $2.03{\pm}0.67mg/g$, 성숙 후기에는 $1.53{\pm}0.07mg/g$ 범위로 폴리페놀이 존재하였다. 성숙 초기에 제일 높은 항산화능력과 폴리페놀 함량을 보여주고 있으며 성숙할수록 항산화능력과 총 페놀 함량이 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있다. 씨앗의 지방산 함량은 리올레산, 리놀렌산, 올레산, 팔미트산 순으로 많았다. 리올레산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 56.46%, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 54.26%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 51.67%, 후기 씨앗에는 50.75%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 리올렌산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 18.80, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 17.96%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 18.90%, 후기 씨앗에는 21.42%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 올레산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 13.54%, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 20.78%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 22.44%, 후기 씨앗에는 20.81%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 팔미트산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 6.80%, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 3.40%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 3.37%, 후기 씨앗에는 3.32%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 리올레산은 미성숙 시기에 가장 많았고 리올렌산은 후기에 올레산은 중기에, 팔미트산은 초기에 많았다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.524-533
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• 2001

배경: 체외순환 시 동맥혈액의 고 산소분압 유지는 오랫동안 안전한 기법으로 인식되어 임상에 이용하여 왔으나 고 산소분압은 정상 산소분압 보다 상대적으로 더 많은 독성 산소성분을 생성시켜 산화성 장기손상 및 재관류 손상의 원인이 된다. 저자들은 체외순환 시 동맥혈액을 고 산소분압 혹은 정상 산소분압 상태로 순환시켰을 때의 염증반응과 심근손상에 관해 비교검토하고, 정상 산소분압 체외순환의 임상적 유용성을 조사하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 대상 및 방법: 성인 심장병 환자 30명을 고산소분압군(PaO2 400mmHg, 고산소군, n=15)과 정상산소분압군(Pa $O_{2}$ 120 mmHg, 정상산소군, n=15)으로 나눈 뒤 다음과 같은 변수들을 측정하여 두 그룹간에 비교하였다. 체외순환 전후의 관상정맥동 혈액을 채취하여 myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde(MDA), troponin-T(TnT), adenosine monophosphate(AMP)를 분석하였고, 동맥혈액 내 총 백혈구 수 및 호중구 수를 측정하였다. 혼합 정맥혈액의 lactate 농도, 심장지수, 폐혈관저항도 체외순환 전, 중, 후 시기별로 함께 측정하여 두 그룹간에 비교하였다 결과: 체외순환 후 정상산소군이 고산소군에 비해 더 낮은 MDA농도 (4.79$\pm$0.7 vs 5.86$\pm$0.65 $\mu$mo1/L, p=0.04)와 보다 높은 AMP농도 (1.23$\pm$0.07 vs 1.00$\pm$0.04 nmol/L, p=0.05)를 보였으나 TnT농도 (0.50$\pm$0.08 vs 0.60$\pm$0.08 ng/mL, p>0.05)는 유의한 차가 없었다. 체외순환 후 MPO농도(5.38$\pm$1.01 vs 8.73$\pm$0.90 ng/mL, p=0.02)와 총 백혈구 수(10,484$\pm$836 vs 13,572$\pm$1,1671/㎥, p=0.04)는 정상산소군이 고산소군 보다 낮았다. 체외순환 후 lactate농도 (27.90$\pm$3.41 vs 31.49$\pm$4.87 mg/dL, p=0.55)와 심장지수(2.99$\pm$0.21 vs 2.75$\pm$0.18 L/$m^2$/min, p=0.39)는 양 군 간에 차이가 없었으나 폐혈관 저항(90.37$\pm$16.36 vs 118.12$\pm$12.21 dyne/sec/$cm^{5}$, p=0.04)은 정상산소군이 더 낮았다. 결론: 정상 산소분압 체외순환은 고 산소분압 체외순환에 비해 심근손상과 염증반응을 적게 유발하여 체외순환 후 심장 및 폐기능의 손상정도를 감소시킬 것으로 생각되며 이러한 결과는 정상 산소분압 체외순환이 심장수술에 유용하게 적용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 생물흡착제인 미역을 사용하여 인공폐액내의 중금속의 흡착 특성을 조사하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 미역 폐기물을 이용하여 제조된 생물흡착제의 단일 중금속 흡착효율은 각 중금속 100 mg/L인 용액에 biosorbent 3g을 처리했을 때 Pb는 거의 100%였고, Cu와 Cd가 약 $85{\sim}86%$, Zn과 Cr은 약 $60{\sim}64%$, Co와 Ni은 약 57%, Mn은 약 48%였다. 복합중금속 흡착효율은 단일중금속 흡착효율에 비하여 Pb를 제외한 다른 중금속들은 크게 감소되었으나 biosorbent g당 전체 중금속 흡착량은 더 증가되었다. 온도, pH에 따른 중금속 흡착효율은 별 차이가 없었으며 전반적으로 pH는 pH $5{\sim}6$ 범위, 온도는 $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ 범위의 실온이 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 생물흡착제의 흡착평형은 모든 중금속이 1시간 이내에 이루어졌다. Freundlich과 Langmuir 등온흡착식을 구하여 실제폐수처리에 적용여부를 검토한 결과 Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Co 순으로 비교적 친화도가 큰 것으로 나타났고, Freundlich 등온 흡착식에 가장 잘 일치하였다. 모든 중금속의 Freundlich 지수 1/n값이 $0.1{\sim}0.5$ 범위에 포함되어 흡착이 용이하고, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd 순으로 비교적 평형 흡착량이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이 결과는 Langmuir 흡착등온식의 결과와 거의 유사하였다. 따라서, 중금속 농도범위에 따른 한계범위를 설정하여 등온흡착식을 적용시키면 매우 높은 중금속 처리효율을 나타낼 것으로 판단된다. 생물흡착제가 중금속 흡착 후의 구조적인 특성을 조사하기 위하여 FT-IR분석 결과, 중금속 이온과 치환될 것으로 생각되는 functional group을 확인할 수 있었으며, 3,400/cm에서의 -OH group, 1,648/cm에서의 C=O bond,1,426/cm에서의 C-O bond그리고 850/cm에서의 S=O등이 전반적으로 중금속 흡착 후에 peak가 커지는 것이 관찰되었다. 생물흡착제의 재사용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 최적의 중금속 탈착조건 검토하였는데, 탈착제 종류에 따른 중금속 탈착효율은 탈착제 종류와 중금속 종류에 따라 차이가 있었고, 전반적으로 NTA>$H_2SO_4$>HCl>EDTA 순으로 우수하였으며, 전체적으로 특정 중금속의 탈착효율이 떨어지지 않는 NTA가 탈착제로 가장 적합하였다. NTA농도에 따른 중금속 탈착효율은 NTA $0.1{\sim}0.3%$ 농도범위에서는 농도 증가에 따라 탈착 효율도 약간 증가되었으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 별 차이 없었다. 온도와 pH 변화에 따른 중금속 탈착효율은 Cr을 제외한 다른 중금속들은 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 전반적으로 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$, pH는 2에서 높았다. 탈착제 접촉 반응시간에 따른 탈착효율은 10분 이내에 전체 탈착량의 80%이상이 탈착 되었으며 1시간 이후에는 거의 변화가 없었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.123-154
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• 1982

Petrochemical, K-Ar dating, Sand Rb/Sr isotopes, metallogenic zoning, paleomagnetic and geotectonic studies of the Gyongsang basin were carried out to examine applicability of plate tectonics to the post-late Cretaceous igneous activity and metallogeny in the southeastern part of Korean Peninsula. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Bulgugsa granitic rocks range from granite to adamellite, whose Q-Ab-Or triangular diagram indicates that the depth and pressure at which the magma consolidated increase from coast to inland varying from 6 km, 0.5-3.3 kb in the coastal area to 17 km, 0.5-10 kb in the inland area. 2. The volcanic rocks in Gyongsang basin range from andesitic to basaltic rocks, and the basaltic rocks are generally tholeiitic in the coastal area and alkali basalt in the inland area. 3. The volcanic rocks of the area have the initial ratio of Sr^{87}/Sr^{86} varying from 0.706 to 0.707 which suggests a continental origin; the ratio of Rb/Sr changing from 0.079-0.157 in the coastal area to 0.021-0.034 in the inland area suggests that the volcanism is getting younger toward coastal side, which may indicate a retreat in stage of differentiation if they were derived from a same magma. The K_2O/SiO_2 (60%) increases from about 1.0 in the coastal area to about 3.0 in the inland area, which may suggest an increase indepth of the Benioff zone, if existed, toward inland side. 4. The K-Ar ages of volcanic rocks were measured to be 79.4 m.y. near Daegu, and 61.7 m.y. near Busan indicating a southeastward decrease in age. The ages of plutonic rocks also decrease toward the same direction with 73 m.y. near Daegu, and 58 m.y. near Busan, so that the volcanism predated the plutonism by 6 m.y. in the continental interior and 4 m.y. along the coast. Such igneous activities provide a positive evidence for an applicability of plate tectonics to this area. 5. Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfide minerals from 8 mines revealed that these deposits were genetically connected with the spacially associated ingeous rocks showing relatively narrow range of ${\delta}^{34}S$ values (-0.9‰ to +7.5‰ except for +13.3 from Mulgum Mine). A sequence of metallogenic zones from the coast to the inland is delineated to be in the order of Fe-Cu zone, Cu-Pb-Zn zone, and W-Mo zone. A few porphyry type copper deposits are found in the Fe-Cu zone. These two facts enable the sequence to be comparable with that of Andean type in South America. 6. The VGP's of Cretaceous and post Cretaceous rocks from Korea are located near the ones($71^{\circ}N$, $180^{\circ}E$ and $90^{\circ}N$, $110^{\circ}E$) obtained from continents of northern hemisphere. This suggests that the Korean peninsula has been stable tectonically since Cretaceous, belonging to the Eurasian continent. 7. Different polar wandering path between Korean peninsula and Japanese islands delineates that there has been some relative movement between them. 8. The variational feature of declination of NRM toward northwestern inland side from southeastern extremity of Korean peninsula suggests that the age of rocks becomes older toward inland side. 9. The geological structure(mainly faults) and trends of lineaments interpreted from the Landsat imagery reveal that NNE-, NWW- and NEE-trends are predominant in the decreasing order of intensity. 10. The NNE-trending structures were originated by tensional and/or compressional forces, the directions of which were parallel and perpendicular respectively to the subduction boundary of the Kula plate during about 90 m.y. B.P. The NWW-trending structures were originated as shear fractures by the same compressional forces. The NEE-trending structures are considered to be priginated as tension fractures parallel to the subduction boundary of the Kula plate during about 70 m.y. B.P. when Japanese islands had drifted toward southeast leaving the Sea of Japan behind. It was clearly demonstrated by many authors that the drifting of Japanese islands was accompanied with a rotational movement of a clock-wise direction, so that it is inferred that subduction boundary had changed from NNE- to NEE-direction. A number of facts and features mentioned above provide a suite of positive evidences enabling application of plate tectonics to the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous activity and metallogeny in the area. Synthesizing these facts, an arc-trench system of continental margin-type is adopted by reconstructing paleogeographic models for the evolution of Korean peninsula and Japan islands. The models involve an extention mechanism behind the are(proto-Japan), by which proto-Japan as of northeastern continuation of Gyongsang zone has been drifted rotationally toward southeast. The zone of igneous activity has also been migrated from the inland in late-Cretaceous to the peninsula margin and southwestern Japan in Tertiary.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2005

토마토 '모모타로'를 공시하여 셀레늄 $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 관주 및 엽면시비 등의 단용 및 혼용처리가 수경재배 토마토의 생육 및 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다 토마토 종자를 50공 트레이에 파종하여 70일 동안 육묘한 후 유묘를 코코피트 슬라브를 이용한 수경재배 시스템에 정식하였다. 양액은 일본원예시험장 배양액 표준처방으로 조성하였으며, pH $5.8\~6.2$와 EC $2.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$등으로 조절하여 공급하였다 셀레늄은 무기태 $SeO_2$와 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 조성하여 관주, 엽면시비, 관주와 엽면시비를 병행하여 처리하였다. 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 엽록소 등의 토마토 생장 반응은 셀레늄의 엽면시비, 그리고 엽면시비와 관주를 병행한 처리구에서 현저히 증가하였다. 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량은 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 엽면시비와 관주를 병행하여 처리한 경우에 $0.302mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 가장 높았다. 무기태와 유기태 셀레늄의 엽면시비와 관주 등의 단용 처리보다는 혼용 처리가 전반적인 과실 생장과 체내 셀레늄 축적에 효과적이었다. 무기태 셀레늄$(SeO_2)$보다는 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화한 유기태 셀레늄 처리가 셀레늄을 함유한 기능성 토마토의 수경재배에 더 효과적이었다.