• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2017

The application of the coating supports the mechanical characteristics of the implant, and various materials and coatings are currently being used in the implant in a way to accelerate adhesion. Especially, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating has been proposed continually with good surface treatment of titanium alloys. Also, the PEO process can incorporate Ca and P ions on the titanium surface through variables varied factor. PEO process for bioactive surface has carried out in electrolytes containing Ca and P ions. Natural bone is composed of mineral elements such as Mg, Si, Zn, Sr, and Mn, etc. Especially, Mg and Si of these elements play role in bone formation and growth after clinical implantation of bio-implants. In this study, corrosion charateristics of PEO-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy in solution containing Si and Mg ions has been investigated using several experimental techniques. The PEO-treated surfaces were identified by X-ray diffraction, using a diffractometer (XRD, Philips X' pert PRO, Netherlands) with Cu $K{\alpha}$ radiation. The morphology was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi 4800, Japan) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Oxford ISIS 310, England). The potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance tests for electrochemical degradations were carried out in 0.9% NaCl solution at similar body temperature using a potentiostat with a scan rate of 1.67mV/s and potential range from -1500mV to + 2000mV.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.240-244
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• 1985

Curde $\beta$-amylase was prepared by frationation of the water extracts from Korean ginseng, Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer, with 0.2-0.6 saturation of ammonium sulfate. The enzyme showed the typical properties of $\beta$-amylase, producing only maltase from starch. The enzyme preparation also showed no maltase activity. The enzyme was stable at the pH 5-9 and at the temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed the optimum pH at 5.0 and the optimum temperature at $35^{\circ}C$. Its activities had proportional relations with substrate concentration below 12 mg%, showing Km V slues of 4.76 mg%. The enzyme was inhibited by $Ag^{+}$, $Hg^{++}$, $Cd^{++}$, $Cu^{++}$,$ Al^{3+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 1978

The contents of heavy metals were studied on sediments collected from the southeastern coastal area of Korea.Concentrations of the elements showed Cu 14∼ 48ppm (av. 18ppm), Pb 14∼49ppm (av. 28ppm), Zn 79∼187ppm (av. 11ppm), Co 11∼ 15ppm (av. 13ppm), Ni 22∼32ppm (av. 29ppm), Fe 3.1∼5.3% (av. 4.3%) and Mn 333 ∼1010ppm (av. 499ppm). When these values are compared with those of the unpolluted near-shore sediments from other countries,there seems to be little environmental contamination of heavy metals in the sediments of the study area. However, from the fact that the nearer to harbor the stations are, the higher the contents of copper, lead and zinc are in the sea off Pusan Bay, it is suggested that heavy metals in the sediments are starting to show some contamination from man's activities.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2001

공주군 유구면 일대의 화강암질 편마암의 풍화작용에 따른 원소의 거동과 pH와 이차광물과의 관계를 XRF, ICP-AES, ICP-MS를 이용한 원소분석결과를 통하여 검토하였다. 이 지역의 암석은 pH6 내외의 산성환경, 침철석, 아나타제와 같은 다양한 이차광물을 생성하면서 심각한 화학조성의 변화를 초래했다. 주원소의 화학조성을 이용한 풍화지수는 토양층에서 79~88로 모암 중의 사장석이 용해되고 흑운모가 변질되어 캐올리광물의 생성이 활발한 방향으로 풍화작용이 진행되었다. 지표층으로 가면서 Al에 대한 주 원소의 거동은 Si, Ca, Na, K, P가 감소하고 Fe, Ti, Mn이 증가하는 경향을 보이며 pH가 낮은 풍화단면에서 주 원소의 변화량이 더 크다. 이 풍화대에서 Mg은 거의 일정하다. Li, As 모든 전이원소는 pH가 감소함에 따라 증가하며 특히 이들 원소는 Fe의 함량과 비례해서 증가해 침철석과 공침하였거나 표면에 흡착되어 있는 것으로 보인다. Ga은 Fe와 비례하기는 하지만 변화량은 전 풍화단면에서 일정하다. Zr, Mo, Sn, Cd은 pH에 변화에 상관없이 일정한 반면에 Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Pb, Th, U 등은 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 특히 Rb 과 Sr은 Ca에 비례해서 감소한다. 희토류원소는 전 풍화단면에서 감소하는 경향을 보이는데 $Al_2$$O_3$에 대한 상대적인 변화량을 보면 경희토류원소는 사프롤라이트(saprolite)하부와 상부에서 부화되어 있고 중부 사프롤라이트와 토양층에서 감소하는 반면에 중희토류원소는 사프롤라이트 하부와 상부에서 감소하고 중부사프롤라이트 및 토양층에서 부화되는 경향을 보인다. 전반적으로 희토류원소의 원자번호가 클수록 손실율이 커진다. 이 풍화단면에서 원소의 거동은 각 풍화층의 pH와 생성된 이차광물의 조성에 지배를 받았다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27.1-27.1
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• 2011

We obtained the spectra of 93 Planet host stars and 73 normal field stars in F, G, K type using BOES at BOAO. We measured the equivalent width of Fe and 25 elements lines using the automatic EW measurement program, TAME(Tools for Automatic Measurement of Equivalent-widths) and estimated the elemental abundances by synth and abfind driver of MOOG code. Since the absence of planets in the normal field stars cannot be "completely" proved, this work focused on the chemical abundances and planet properties of planet host stars, which have the massive planets close to the parent star relatively. We carried out an investigation for the difference of abundances between stars with "Hot Jupiter" and normal field stars with no known planets. We examined the chemical composition of 25 elements, such as C, N, O, S, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, Nd, and Eu by EW measurements, and the S abundances were estimated using synthetic spectrum. We have found that [Mg/Fe] and [Al/Fe] for planet host stars have lower limit comparing with those of comparison stars, and [Ca/Fe] of host star with Neptunian planets is relatively lower than the other host stars with massive planets. We have performed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and examined the ratio of planet host stars to all stars for each bin of [X/H]. As a result, we noted that the O, Si, and Ca abfor undances are strongly related with the presence of planets.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.651-662
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• 2002

Weather elements were observed by the AWS (Automatic Weather System) and dustfall particles were collected by the modified American dust jar (wide inlet bottle type) at 4 sampling sites in Busan area from March. 1999 to February, 2000. Thirteen chemical species (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn) were analyzed by AAS and ICP. The purposes of this study were to estimate qualitatively various bulk deposition flux of dustfall and insoluble components by applying regional and seasonal wind intensity. Frequency of wind speed were found in order of low(1-3m/s), very low(<1m/s), medium(3-8m/s) and high(>8m/s), and annual mean had higher range at low(1-3m/s) for 56.3%. Strong negative linear correlation were observed between dustfall and wind direction (northeastern and eastern), but strong positive linear correlation were observed between dustfall and wind direction (western and northwestern) at industrial, commercial and coastal zone(p<0.05). While a negative correlation were observed between wind speed frequency of very low(<1 m/s) and dustfall, and positive correlation were observed between wind speed frequency of low(1-3m/s) and dustfall in coastal zone(p<0.05). The correlation coefficient was observed 0.556 between wind speed frequency of low(1-3m/s) and Ni by commercial zone(p<0.05). The correlation coeffcient show well-defined insoluble trace metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) and wind speed frequency of low(1-3m/s) at coastal zone, which was found significant difference(p<0.01).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.543-554
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• 2018

From November 2013 to December 2016, ambient fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) was sampled in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, which has seen rapid urbanization. The atmospheric concentrations of elements were measured in the $PM_{2.5}$ samples. This study focused on Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Sb, Sn, V, and Zn. The concentrations of Al, Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Sr, and La were also obtained for reference. The objectives of this study were to examine the contributions of these elements to $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in downtown Jeju City, and to investigate the inter-element relationships and the elemental sources by using enrichment factors and principal components analysis (PCA). A composition analysis showed that the 19 elements constituted 6.65 % of the $PM_{2.5}$ mass, and Na, K, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Zn constituted 98 % of the total ion mass. Seasonal trend analysis for the sampling period indicated that the concentrations of the elements increased from November to April. However, no substantial seasonal variations were found in the concentrations of the elements. The composition ratios of some elements (Cu/Zn, Cu/Cd, Cu/Pb, V/Ni, and V/La) were found to be out of range when compared to the literature from other urban areas. The ratios between the elements and the PCA results showed that local contaminant sources in Jeju City rarely influence the composition of $PM_{2.5}$. This suggests that the major sources of $PM_{2.5}$ in Jeju City may include long-range transport of fine particulate matter produced in other areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2011

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordants effect of Hwangsu spring were analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements, organic matter and color fastness. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, in Yeongcheon (Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. Hwangsu spring during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ turned brown by photochemical reaction. The Result of ICP analysis, it contained Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm) and observed character by water analysis. Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Cotton(KS K 0905) were dyed with clove powder for 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, Aluminium Sulfate $14-18H_20(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) were used by post mordant at the same ratio. The dyed fabrics were treated with 20% each mordant solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. Comparison with a reproduced chemical mordant, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

This study investigated the mordanting effect of natural mordants such as camellia ash, bean chaff ash and pyrolignite of iron(Iron(II) Acetate) on silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts. Experimental variables include the conditions of extraction and dyeing, and types of natural mordants. Inorganic ion contents In natural mordants were analysed by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. In the ash Al, Fe, Si and Mn were in % unit, Cr and Ni were detected in ppm unit, and in the aqueous extracts of the ash all the metal ions were in ppm unit. On the other hand, fairly high content of Al(2.13% ) in camellia ash extract and Fe(7.91% ) in the aqueous extracts of pyrolignite iron were detected. The absorbance intensity of green tea extracts in UV-Visible spectrum increased with the temperature and time of extraction. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 272.5nm and 210.5nm. The US values of silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts were increased with temperature and time of dyeing. Surface color of silk fabric dyed with green tea extracts was 9.1YR, but it was changed from 7.9YR to 7.5YR by camellia ash extract and 7.4YR to 6.4YR by bean chaff ash extract with increase in mordant concentration. Pre-mordanted and post-mordanted fabrics with pyrolignite of iron were changed from 1.4YR to 1.1R and 7.2P to 4.2P, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.841-846
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• 2017

This study investigated the nutritional compositions and physiochemical properties of three domestically cultivated jujube fruits (Boeun, Sangwhang, and Bokjo). Nutrient contents were analyzed by freeze-drying the jujube fruits. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the three jujube cultivars ranged from 7.85~13.52% for moisture, 4.65~5.24% for crude protein, 1.29~2.38% for crude ash, 0.17~1.09% for crude lipid, and 7.66~16.63% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of jujube cultivars were significantly different. Mineral contents of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in the three jujube fruits were also determined. Mn, Cu and Zn were not detected in any of the varieties. The content of Al was higher in Sangwhang, while Boeun had higher contents of Ca and K. The total polyphenol, ABTS values, and hypoglycemic effect were slightly higher in Boeun as compared to the other varieties. Taken together, Boeun could be an important source of natural antioxidant as a functional food.