• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1997

L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ powders were prepared by both GNP(Glycine-Nitrate Process) and solid state reaction method in various of calcination temperature(800-1000.deg. C) and time in air. Also, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contacts on YSZ(Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) substrate were prepared by screen printing and sintering method as a function of sintering temperature(1100-1450.deg. C) in air. Sintering behaviors have been investigated by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and porosity measurement. Compositional and structural characterization were carried out by X-ray diffractometer and ICP AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Electrical characterization was carried out by the electrical conductivity with linear 4 point probe method. As the calcination period increased in solid state reaction method, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ phase increased. Although L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ single phase was obtained only for 48hrs at 1000.deg. C, in GNP method it was easy to get single and ultra-fine L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ powders with submicron particle size at 650.deg. C for 30min. The particle size and thickness of L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contact by solid state reaction method did not change during the heat treatment, while those by GNP method showed good sintering characteristics because initial powder size fabricated from GNP method is smaller than that fabricated from solid state reaction method. Based on enthalpy change from thermodynamic data and ICP-AES analysis, it was suggested to make cathode contact in composition of (L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$)$_{0.91}$ Mn $O_{3}$ which have little second phase (L $a_{2}$Z $r_{2}$ $O_{7}$) for high efficient solid oxide fuel cells applications. As (L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$)$_{0.91}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contact on YSZ substrate was sintering at 1250.deg. C the temperature that liquid phase sintering did not occur. It was possible to obtain proper cathode contacts with electrical conductivity of 150(S/cm) and porosity content of 30-40%.m) and porosity content of 30-40%.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2001

FeMr에 의해 교환 바이어스된 synthetic antiferromagnet(CoFe/Ru/CoFe)을 가진 Top Ta/NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/Ru/CoFe/FeMn/Ta 스핀 밸브 구조를 마그네트론 스퍼터링법에 의해 증착하였다. 이러한 스핀 밸브에서는 자유층, 구속층등의 두께 및 조성이 층간 결합력의 세기를 비롯한 자성특성에 영향을 미치게 된다 후방산란법은 두께 및 조성에 대한 절대정량이 가능하며 비파괴 분석법이라는 장점을 지니고 있으나, 원자번호가 20번 이상인 주기율표상의 인접원소로 이루어진 자성박막을 분석하는데 있어서 신호의 중첩현상으로 인해 분석이 불가능하였다 본 연구에서는 element-specific 한 분석기술인 양성자 여기 X선 검출법과, 절대 정량이 가능하고 깊이분해능을 현저히 향상시킨 grazing-exit 후방산란법 (RBS : Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry)을 동시에 사용하여 상호 보완적인 분석을 함으로써 스핀밸브에 대한 성분 및 두께에 대한 정량분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 spin valve 구조에서 자성층인 NiFe, CoFe, FeMn 단일층이 증착된 시료에 대한 표준화를 수행함으로써 spin valve 구조에서 grazing-exit 후방산란 스펙트럼 상의 중첩된 신호를 Simulation을 통하여 분리가 가능하였으며, 특히 Ru층의 두께는 단위의 정확도로 측정이 가능 하였다

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.727-731
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• 2004

동충하초 자실체 열수추출물과 균사체 중의 성분물질을 규명하고자 일반성분, 무기 질, 유리 아미노산, 비타민 등을 분석 검토한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 자실체 열수추출물의 수분 함량은 95.24%, 탄수화물이 3.10%, 조단백질 1.05%, 회분 0.45%,조지방 0.16%이었으며 균사체 중에 탄수화물 54.70%, 조단백질 20.54%, 조지방 14.01%, 회분 7.03%, 수분이 3.72% 함유되어 있다. 또한 무기질을 분석한 결과 자실체 열수추출물 1.36 g/100 ml 중에 K이 79.09 mg/100 g으로 가장 많았었고 Ca, p, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu의 순으로 함유되어 있으며 균사체 0.50 g/100 ml 중에 K, p, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn Cu의 순으로 미네랄이 함유되어 있었다. 자실체 열수추출물과 균사체 중에서 각각 21종과 22종의 유리아미노산이 측정되었고 9종의 인체 필수아미노산을 모두 함유하고 있었으며 유리아미노산의 총함량과 필수아미노산의 함량은 각각 223.78 mg/100 ml, 48.32 mg/100 ml와 147.40 mg/100 ml, 69.80 mg/100 ml이었다. 비타민을 분석한 결과 총 10종의 비타민이 측정되었고 균사체 중의 비타민 총함량은 221.23 mg/100 g으로 자실체 열수추출물중의 비타민 총함량 13.88 ing/100 g보다 무려 16배 더 많이 함유되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2014

Korea contract Mn-nodule field in the NE equatorial Pacific is composed of seven sectors with average water depths of 4,513-5,025 m. Of the various factors controlling the properties of Mn-nodule, it seems that water depth is likely connected to the chemical composition and occurrence of nodules. To test whether such an assumption held in each sector, we reviewed previous research data accumulated since 1994 for one of the northern sectors (hereafter KR1) where there are stark contrasts in water depth. High-resolution seabed mapping clearly separates a northern part (KR1N) from a deeper southern part (KR1S), cutting across in the middle of the KR1. In addition, significant volcanic activities forming numerous seamounts are distinctive especially in KR1N. In terms of nodule occurrence, manganese nodules in KR1S are comparatively larger (2-4 cm) with a discoidal shape, while those in KR1N are generally small (<2 cm) with poly-lobate and irregular shapes. Nodules in KR1N also have lower Co, Cu, Mn and Ni, and higher Fe contents. The spatial separation in nodule characteristics might be caused by volcanic activities in KR1N rather than water depth contrast. During the formation of the seamounts in KR1N, rock fragments and volcanic ashes as new nuclei of the nodules would have been continuously generated. As a result, the nodules could not grow larger than 2 cm and display the shapes of a newbie (i.e., irregular and poly-lobate shapes). Moreover, significant Fe supply from volcanic activities probably decreases the Mn/Fe ratio, which may lead to the KR1 nodules being misinterpreted as a hydrogenic in origin compared to other sectors where a high Mn/Fe ratio is present.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2009

Lead-free piezoelectric ($Na_{1/2}K_{1/2}$)$NbO_3$ ceramics doped with CuO and $MnO_2$ were fabricated using the conventional oxide-mixing technique. With increasing content of CuO and $MnO_2$, the dielectric constant(${\varepsilon}_{33}$) and mechanical quality factor($Q_m$) value increased, while electromechanical coupling factor($K_p$) and piezoelectric constant($d_{33}$) decreased. The piezoelectric and dielectric properties ($Na_{1/2}K_{1/2}$)$NbO_3$ ceramics doped with CuO 2.461 wt% and $MnO_2$ 0.538 wt% at sintered temperature $1050\;^{\circ}C$ were attained ${\varepsilon}_{33}$ = 403, $K_p$ = 15, $Q_m$ = 122 and $d_{33}$ = 36 pC/N. Based on response surface methodology results using design of experiment, it was concluded that ($Na_{1/2}K_{1/2}$)$NbO_3$ doped with CuO 0.477 wt% and $MnO_2$ 0.269 wt% has possibility composition of being used for piezoelectric transformer.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1991

Mn-Zn Ferrite는 단결정을 성장하기 위하여 용융하는 동안 불균질 용융과 ZnO휘발의 고유특성을 갖는 재료이다. 그 결과로, 결정성장축을 따라 양이온의 분포가 불균일 하게 된고 또한 기존의 Bridgman법에서는 도가니내에서 용융대가 장시간 유지됨으로써 백금입자가 결정안으로 침입하게된다. 이들은 훼라이트의 자기적 성질을 저하시키는 성질을 갖고 있다. 그러나 새로운 성장법에서는 이러한 단점들을 극복하고 양질의 단결정을 얻기 위하여 결정성장 인자들의 관계를 고찰하였으며 그 인자들은 다음과 같다 : 도가니내의 melt 높이, melt의 표면장력과 밀도, 계면에서의 melt거동, 도가니와 고액계면의 형상, 원료공급속도, 결정성장속도. 아울러, 성장된 결정의 조성을 분석하였을 때 초기조성과 비교하여 $\textrm{Fe}_2\textrm{O}_3$ 1.5 mol%, MnO, Zn 2.0 mol% 이내로 조성 변동은 각각 억제되었고 성장결정면 (110)에서 화확적인 etching 법을 이용하여 광학현미경을 통해 결정내부등을 관찰하였으며, 자기적 특성등을 측정하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

LSM powder material for an oxygen-electrode(anode) of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (RISE) was synthesized by a Modified-Glycine nitrate process(GNP). Amount of nitric acid and its concentration was varied to find out an appropriate composition for the oxygen-electrode(anode). In order to optimize the amount of Glycine used as an oxidant of self-combustion process, the ratio of Glycine to Anion was varied. $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3$, $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_3$, and $La_{0.2}Sr_{0.8}MnO_3$ were synthesized in this study. Those LSM were dried for overnight to remove moisture from the material at $110^{\circ}C$ and were calcined 2 hours at $650^{\circ}C$ and were sintered in a furnace for 5 hours at $1400^{\circ}C$. Their structures, surface morphologies, surface areas, and weight changes were investigated with XRD, SEM, BET, and TG/DTA. The best perovskite phase for the oxygen-electrode of HTSE was obtained with $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3$ formula in which 100 ml of 3M nitric acid was used in the preparation of its formula. The optimized ratio of Glycine to Anion was 2.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2016

In this study, $Zn_xMn_{3-x}O_4$ (x=0.95~1.20) specimens were prepared by using a conventional mixed oxide method. All specimens were sintered in air at $1,200^{\circ}C$ for 12 h and cooled at a rate of $2^{\circ}C/min$ to $800^{\circ}C$, subsequently quenching to room temperature. We investigated the structural and electrical properties of $Zn_xMn_{3-x}O_4$ specimens with variation of ZnO amount for the application of NTC thermistors. As results of X-ray diffraction patterns, all specimens showed the formation of a complete solid solution with tetragonal spinel phase. And, the second phase was observed by the solubility limit of Zn ions in $x{\geq}1.10$ composition. The average grain size was increased from $2.72{\mu}m$ to $4.18{\mu}m$ with increasing the compositional ratio of Zn ion from x=0.95 to 1.20, respectively. $Zn_{1.10}Mn_{1.90}O_4$ specimen showed the minimum electrical resistance of $57.5k{\Omega}$ at room temperature and activation energy of 0.392 eV.

• 공학논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

Mn-Co-Ni 3성분계에 Fe의 첨가량을 변화시켜 따른 산화물 서미스터소결체(Mn-Co-Ni-Fe oxide)를 소성온도 1200~$1400^{\circ}C$에서 제조하여 전기저항특성을 조사한 결과, 결정상은 단일입방정 스피넬형 결정구조였고, 소성온도에 따른 전기전도도는 $1300^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 소결한 시미스터가 가장 높았다. 대체로 F-2를 제외하고는 Fe의 첨가량이 증가할 때 비저항은 증가하고 상대적으로 전기전도도는 감소한다. 특히 F-2의 조성에 있어서는 전기전도도가 1.4${\times}$$10^-3$${\ textohm}cm로 높았고 상대적으로 B정수는 2906K로 낮았다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.176-180
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• 2016

In this study, a microstructural investigation was conducted on the cracking phenonmenon occurring during hot rolling of Fe-23Mn high-manganese steels with different aluminium and carbon contents. Particular emphasis was placed on the phase stability of austenite and ferrite dependent on the chemical composition. An increase in the aluminum content promoted the formation of ferrite band structures which were easily deformed or cracked. In the steels containing high carbon contents of 0.4 wt.% or higher, on the other hand, the volume fraction and thickness of ferrite bands decreased and thus the cracking frequency was significantly reduced. Based on these findings, it is said that the microstructural evolution occurring during hot rolling of high-manganese steels with different aluminium and carbon contents plays an important role in the cracking phenomenon. To prevent the cracking, therefore, the formation of second phases such as ferrite should be minimized during the hot rolling by the appropriate control of the chemical composition and process parameters