• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

Fe and Si are common impurity elements in the aluminum alloys. In this investigation, the effects of the addition of Fe and Si on the age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd casting alloys were examined through hardness measurements, calorimetric techniques and observation of the transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Fe depresses the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$, and thus retards the peak aging time and reduces the peak hardness of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys. On the contrary, the addition of Si accelerates the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$ and thus accelerates age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2013

The influence of Cu and Ni on the ductile-brittle transition behavior of metastable austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Mn-N alloys with N contents below 0.5 wt.% was investigated in terms of austenite stability and microstructure. All the metastable austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Mn-N alloys exhibited a ductile-brittle transition behavior by unusual low-temperature brittle fracture, irrespective of Cu and/or Ni addition, and deformation-induced martensitic transformation occasionally occurred during Charpy impact testing at lower temperatures due to reduced austenite stability resulting from insufficient N content. The formation of deformation-induced martensite substantially increased the ductile-brittle transition temperature(DBTT) by deteriorating low-temperature toughness because the martensite was more brittle than the parent austenite phase beyond the energy absorbed during transformation, and its volume fraction was too small. On the other hand, the Cu addition to the metastable austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Mn-N alloy increased DBTT because the presence of ${\delta}$-ferrite had a negative effect on low-temperature toughness. However, the combined addition of Cu and Ni to the metastable austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Mn-N alloy decreased DBTT, compared to the sole addtion of Ni or Cu. This could be explained by the fact that the combined addition of Cu and Ni largely enhanced austenite stability, and suppressed the formation of deformation-induced martensite and ${\delta}$-ferrite in conjunction with the beneficial effect of Cu which may increase stacking fault energy, so that it allows cross-slip to occur and thus reduces the planarity of the deformation mechanism.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2019

This study investigates the effect of MnO2 and CuO as acceptor additives on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of $0.96(K_{0.5}Na_{0.5})_{0.95}Li_{0.05}Nb_{0.93}Sb_{0.07}O_3-0.04BaZrO_3$, which has a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary composition. $MnO_2$ and CuO-added $0.96(K_{0.5}Na_{0.5})_{0.95}Li_{0.05}Nb_{0.93}Sb_{0.07}O_3-0.04BaZrO_3$ ceramics sintered at a relatively low temperature of $1020^{\circ}C$ show a pure perovskite phase with no secondary phase. As the addition of $MnO_2$ and CuO increases, the sintered density and grain size of the resulting ceramics increases. Due to the difference in the amount of oxygen vacancies produced by B-site substitution, Cu ion doping is more effective for uniform grain growth than Mn ion doping. The formation of oxygen vacancies due to B-site substitution of Cu or Mn ions results in a hardening effect via ferroelectric domain pinning, leading to a reduction in the piezoelectric charge coefficient and improvement of the mechanical quality factor. For the same amount of additive, the addition of CuO is more advantageous for obtaining a high mechanical quality factor than the addition of $MnO_2$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2002

Effect of Sn addition on the fatigue properties of Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy was investigated by low and high cycle fatigue tests. Fatigue life showed the maximum value of 5450cycles in the Al-Cu-Mn alloy containing 0.10%Sn, but decreased rapidly beyond 0.20% of Sn additions. It was found that the fatigue strength was 132MPa and fatigue ratio was 0.31 in the alloy containing 0.10%Sn. Metallographic observation revealed that the fatigue crack initiated at the surface and propagated along the grain boundary. This propagation path was attributed to the presence of PFZ along the grain boundary. The tensile strength increased from 330MPa in 7he Sn-free Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy to 429MPa in the alloy containing 0.10%Sn. But above 0.20%Sn additions, tensile strength was decreased by the segregation of Sn.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2013

본 연구는 공침법으로 Ti가 첨가된 Mn-Cu 혼합산화물을 이용하여 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온 영역에서의 $NH_3$-SCR 반응특성에 관한 것이다. 제조된 촉매들은 BET, XRD, XPS, TPD를 이용하여 각각의 물리/화학적 특성을 분석하였다. Mn-Cu 혼합산화물은 매우 큰 비표면적과 저온에서의 높은 SCR 효율을 나타내었으며, Ti가 첨가된 경우 상대적으로 높은 SCR 효율과 $N_2$ 선택도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 Ti가 첨가됨에 따라 화학 흡착된 산소종($Me-O_{ads}$)이 증가하여 NO가 $NO_2$로의 산화가 촉진되고, $Mn^{3+}$와 같은 $NH_3$의 흡착점의 수가 증가되었기 때문이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 영호남학술대회 논문집
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• pp.246-249
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• 2000

The effects of Zr on the mechanical workability and tensile strength of Cu-Ni-Mn-Sn-Al alloys have been investigated and the following results were obtained. The mechanical workability of Cu-Ni-Mn-Sn-Al alloys are increased with addition of Zr. And the surface cracks of specimen were not produced in Zr added Alloys. Especially in condition of hot-worked beyond the 90% working ratio, Zr contained specimen showed intra-granule crack propagation but Zr-free specimen showed inter-granule mode. The tensile strength have maximum value in 0.05% Zr contained alloy. The aging mechanism of Cu-Ni-Mn-Sn-Al alloys were varied by Zr addition.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

In the present study, microstructural evolution in CuCrFeNi, CuCrFeNiMn, and CuCrFeNiMnAl alloys has been investigated. The as-cast CuCrFeNi alloy consists of a single fcc phase with the lattice parameter of 0.358 nm, while the as-cast CuCrFeNiMn alloy consists of (bcc+fcc1+fcc2) phases with lattice parameters of 0.287 nm, 0.366 nm, and 0.361 nm. The heat treatment of the cast CuCrFeNiMn alloy results in the different type of microstructure depending on the heat treatment temperature. At $900^{\circ}C$ a new thermodynamically stable phase appears instead of the bcc solid solution phase, while at $1,000^{\circ}C$, the heat treated microstructure is almost same as that in the as-cast state. The addition of Al in CuCrFeNiMn alloy changes the constituent phases from (fcc1+fcc2+bcc) to (bcc1+bcc2).

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2001

Al-Cu-Mn 주조합금의 피로성질에 미치는 Cd 첨가의 영향을 저주기 및 고주기 피로시험을 통하여 조사하였다. Cd 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 피로수명이 증가하였으며, 인장강도도 증가하였다. 고주기 피로시험결과 피로강도는 115MPa이었으며 피로비는 0.31이었다. 피로시험 결과 균열이 표면에서 발생하여 입계를 따라 전파되었는데 이러한 입계파괴는 입계를 따라 존재하는 무석출대의 영향으로 생각된다. 인장강도값은 Cd이 첨가되지 않았을 경우 330MPa이었으나 0.15%의 Cd이 첨가됨으로써 401MPa 까지 증가되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2001

Al-Cu-Mn 주조합금의 응력부식균열 저항성에 미치는 Cd첨가의 영향을 C-ring test와 전기전도도 시험을 통하여 조사하였다. Cd첨가량이 증가함에 따라 전기전도도가 증가하였고 SCC 저항성도 증가하였다. SCC 시험결과 균열이 입계를 따라 전파되는 입계파괴가 일어났으며, 파면은 취성파괴양상을 나타내었고, 입계를 따라 조대 석출물과 무석출대가 나타난 것으로 보아서 이 합금의 SCC 기구는 anodic dissolution model이라고 판단된다. Cd을 첨가하지 않은 경우 최대경도값은 127Hv였으나, Cd을 첨가한 경우 최대경도값은 138∼146Hv로 증가하였다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 무연솔더에서 Ag 함량의 감소는 기계적 충격 신뢰성 향상에 도움이 되는 반면 솔더링성을 저하시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 저 Ag함유 무연솔더의 솔더링성 향상을 위해 In을 첨가한 Sn-1.2Ag-0.7Cu-0.4In 4원계 조성과 여기에 미량의 Mn 및 Pd을 첨가한 무연솔더 조성에 대하여 솔더 젖음성을 평가하고, 보드 레벨 BGA 패키지의 열싸이클링 및 기계적 충격 신뢰성을 평가하였다. Sn-1.2Ag-0.7Cu 조성에 0.4 wt% In을 첨가한 합금의 젖음성은 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu에 근접한 수준으로 향상되었으나, 패키지의 열싸이클링 신뢰성은 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. Sn-1.2Ag-0.7Cu-0.4In 조성에 0.03 wt% Pd의 첨가는 솔더 젖음성 및 패키지 신뢰성을 저하시킨 반면에 0.1 wt% Mn을 첨가한 합금은 특히 기계적 충격 신뢰성이 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu는 물론 Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu보다도 우수한 수준으로 향상되었는데, 이는 Mn 첨가가 합금의 모듈러스를 감소시킨 데에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.