• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze outdoor thermal comfort of apartments planning characteristic of pedestrian height in Beijing, China. Selecting 322 apartment complexes with more than 1000 households and more than 10 buildings(including 10 buildings), mainly in Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District to select 32 basic layout types and then 12 typical layout types were select in 32 basic layout types. Finally, the simulation was conducted for the 12 typical layout types using the micro-climate model ENVI-met to evaluate the wind environment, the thermal environment and the comfort. The results of this study as follows: In the parallel arrangement, it has the best outdoor thermal comfort of Slab-East-Parallel(S/E/P). Next is Slab-South-Parallel(S/S/P), Tower-South-Parallel(T/S/P) in turn. In the stagger arrangement, Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-1(M/S/NSS-1) has the best outdoor thermal comfort and Slab-South-North and South Stagger(S/S/NSS), Tower-South-North and South Stagger(T/S/NSS), Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-3(M/S/NSS-3), Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-4(M/S/NSS-4), Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-2(M/S/NSS-2) in turn. In the cluster arrangement, Mixture-Mixture-Cluster-2(M/M/C-2) has the best outdoor thermal comfort and Mixture-Mixture-Cluster-3(M/M/C-3), Mixture-Mixture-Cluster-1(M/M/C-1) in turn. Due to the low wind speed and high air temperature, it is necessary to consider the layout types that can form the wind road at first, such as Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-1(M/S/NSS-1), Slab-South-North and South Stagger(S/S/NSS) and so on.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2012

When fitting a Cox proportional hazards model with missing covariates, it is inefficient to exclude observations with missing values in the analysis. Furthermore, if the missing-data mechanism is not Missing Completely At Random(MCAR), it may lead to biased parameter estimation. Many approaches have been suggested to handle the Cox proportional hazards model when covariates are sometimes missing, but they are based on the selection model. This paper suggest an approach to handle Cox proportional hazards model with missing covariates by using the pattern-mixture model (Little, 1993). The pattern-mixture model is expressed by the joint distribution of survival time and the missing-data mechanism. In the pattern-mixture model, many models can be considered by setting up various restrictions, and different results under various restrictions indicate the sensitivity of the model due to missing covariates. A simulation study was conducted to show the sensitivity of parameter estimation under different restrictions in a pattern-mixture model. The proposed approach was also applied to mouse leukemia data.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2009

A total of 23 isolates of Botrytis cinerea causing the grey mold were collected from infected ginseng in several fields of Korea. The sensitivity to carbendazim and the mixture of carbendazim plus diethofencarb was determined through a mycelial inhibition test on PDA amended with or without fungicides. B. cinerea isolates were classified as 3 phenotypes, which were the first phenotype resistant to both of carbendazim and the mixture ($Car^RMix^R$), the second one resistant to carbendazim and sensitive to the mixture ($Car^RMix^S$), and the last one sensitive to both of them ($Car^RMix^S$). Carbendazim resistance correlated with a single mutation $\beta$-tubulin gene of B. cinerea amplified with primer pair tubkjhL and tubkjhR causing a change of glutamate to alanine at amino acid position 198. Furthermore, the substitution of valine for glutamate led the resistance to carbendazim and the mixture at the same position of amino acid. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using the restriction endonuclease, Tsp451 and BstUI allowed differentiation of the PCR fragment of $\beta$-tubulin gene of $Car^SMix^S$ isolates from that of $Car^RMix^R$ and $Car^RMix^S$ isolates. This method will aid in a fast detection of resistance of carbendazim and the mixture of carbendazim plus diethofencarb in B. cinerea in ginseng field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

DME(Dimethyl Ehther) is considered as an attractive fuel in terms of clean, environmentally friendly form of energy, multi-source and multi-purpose. As the physical properties of DME are almost similar to LPG, DME can be mixed with LPG and DME-LPG mixture fuels seem to be employed without major remodeling of the existing LPG supply infrastructure. However, little attention has been given to the effect of different DME-LPG mixture fuels on consequence analysis to adjacent facilities, buildings and etc. In this work, the consequence analysis by different DME-LPG mixture fuels has been done. The results were discussed in terms of release rate, jet fire, vapor cloud explosions, BLEVEs and etc. It was found that the consequences estimated from fire and explosion scenarios assumed were almost similar for both LPG and DME 20 %.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.425-427
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• 2004

Motivation of this study is based on these two aspects: geologic uses of ASTER and application scheme of Spectral Mixture Analysis. This study aims at geologic mapping for mineral exploration using ASTER and LANDSAT 7 ETM+ at Mongolian plateau region by SMA. After basic pre-processing such as the normalization, geometric corrections and calibration of reflectance, related to endmembers selection and spectral signature deviation, both methods using spectral library and using PPI(Pixel Purity Index) are performed and compared on a given task. Based on these schemes, SMA is performed using LANDSAT 7 ETM+ and ASTER image. As the results, fraction map showing geologic rock types are enough to meet purposes such as geologic mapping and mineral potential mapping in the case of both uses of these different types of remotely sensed images. It concluded that this approach based on SMA with LANDSAT and ASTER is regarded as one of effective schemes for geologic remote sensing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 한국에너지공학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.126-138
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• 1995

In order to study the gas interchangeability, a series of tests and analysis were conducted regarding to natural gas and gas mixture. Natural gas was selected as a reference and NG-LPG/Air mixture as a substitute gas. The major interest was placed on the determination of interchangeability limits for different mixing conditions. The parameters of Wobbe Index and Combustion Potential were employed in estimating the gas interchangeability, The limits obtained by analysis(AGA, WEAVER, KNOY, GILB) were compared with experimental results. The results estimated showed that the mixing limits of LPG/Air in proper conditions were found to vary with analysis and AGA is considered to be the most appropriate one.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.419-433
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• 2015

Analogical reasoning is a central component of human cognition and contributes to scientific discovery and to develop science education. In this study, we investigated the process features of lower elementary school students' analogical reasoning to explain mixture concept. The subjects are 24 lower elementary students. And the research design includes three phases instruction to investigate the features of students' self generated analogy. Phase 1 is the introduction of analogy in which student learn to use analogy. Phase 2 is a POE class about mixture conception. Piaget and Inhelder studied the conception of mixing among children in relation to cognitive development. In phase 2, we taught the student with Piaget and Inhelder's the experiment and observed the features of learning process about mixture conception. Phase 3 is students' generation of analogy (self generated analogy) for the experienced phenomena in phase 2. We analyzed the students' responses through the three phases in the view of Gentner's Structure Mapping Theory. The results showed that many lower elementary school students even before formal operation stage understood the mixture conception and made well their self generated analogy to explain the mixture conception in spite of the difficulty of making self generated analogy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2010

$SF_6$ gas would be used in power transformer, GIS (Gas insulated switchgear) and so on because of its electrically superior insulation and chemically stable structure. Recently, the reduction of $SF_6$ is required to avoid global warming and the researches on the dilution of $SF_6$ with other gases have been carried out. $SF_6$ mixture gases with $N_2$ and $C_xF_y$ have drawn attention to the synergy effect. However, in order to understand the mechanism of the synergy effect, it is important to analyze and evaluate properties of mixture gases quantitatively. In this paper, we investigated the mechanism of synergy effect from electron collision processes and electron energy distribution by solving Boltzmann equation with propagator method. Three kinds of gases for dilution of $SF_6$ ($SF_6/N_2$, $SF_6/CF$4 and $SF_6/C_4F_8$) are considered in this simulation. On the properties of $SF_6/N_2$ mixture gas, the variation of reduced electric field was shown highly within 0%~40% mixtures of $SF_6$. And the more low-level electron energy has been distributed, the higher insulation capability has appeared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1023-1033
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to segment home-shopper market by using the demographic characteristics. This study enables a better unders landing of home-shoppers and improving the strategy of marketing. The specific objects of this study are as follow: First, it was to exam market segmentations by demographic factors using mixture model. Second, it was to exam shopping orientations of fashion merchandise according to segmentation groups. The data was collected from 637 subjects who had used the home shopping more than one time in a year. The data was analysised through frequencies, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's mutiple range tests with SPSS 12.0 and Mixture model. The results of data are as follows: 1. The result of market segmentation as demographic factor using Mixture model was extracted to 4 market segments called 20's/ unmarried stage, 30's/ children bearing & rearing stage, 40's/ families with children's education stage, 50's/ aging stage. 2. Shopping orientations were extracted to 5 factors called a pleasure oriented, convenience oriented, off-line oriented, human oriented, thrift oriented.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2013

In this paper, in order to solve high water content of water sludge and promote its recycle, sludge mixtures with various mixing ratios were produced. Sludge mixture consisted of water sludge and weathered granite soil. Their physical properties and unsaturated characteristics (soil-water characteristic curve, and unsaturated permeability function) were investigated by laboratory tests. Experimental test results indicated that at a given matric suction volumetric water content of sludge mixture increased as water sludge content increased. Air entry values of sludge mixture increased from 0.9 kPa to 2.4 kPa with an increase in water sludge content or fine content. In addition, unsaturated permeability function, which is an important factor for performing infiltration analysis, was predicted using saturated permeability and soil-water characteristic curve of sludge mixture.