• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.644-654
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of current fashion illustrations within the framework of Multi-space method. Multi-space means being piled up one moment & space on others, and being amassed in a scene. This method is related with Dadaism, Surrealism and Postmodernism, and also influences on the current fashion illustration. In this study, the types of Multi-space method could be classified into 4 types; Repetitive Time Mixture in Multi-space, Juxtaposed Time Mixture in Multi-space, Reiterated Space Mixture in Multi-space, Projected Space Mixture in Multi-space. The characteristics of Multi-space were analyzed and the results are as followed. The distinctive methods for Time Mixture in Multi-space are repetition and juxtaposition in a scene. Time Mixture in Multi-space can make the nonlinear narration and unreal illusory space in fashion illustrations more effectively. Reiterated Space Mixture in Multi-space can be related with the heterogeneous, surrealistic illusions in current fashion illustrations. Projected Space Mixture in Multi-space can be characterized into inter-penetration. It can derive spectators to mix the projected & transparent images in a scene for their own imaginary stories. The final imagination can be made differently according to the personal experiences of spectators.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2003

A cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the flow characteristics at spark plug and the combustion characteristics of homogeneous charge methane-air mixture under various initial pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times in quiescent mixture. The flow characteristics such as mean velocity and turbulence intensity was analyzed by hot wire anemometer. Combustion pressure development measured by piezoelectric pressure transducer and flame propagation acquired by ICCD camera were used to investigate the effect of initial pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times on pressure, combustion duration, flame speed and burning velocity. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity had the maximum value at 200 or 300ms and then decreased to near 0 value gradually after 3 seconds. Combustion duration, flame speed and burning velocity were observed to be promoted with excess air ratio of 1.1, lower initial pressure and ignition time of 300ms.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

A cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the flow characteristics at spark plug and the combustion characteristics of inhomogeneous charge methane-air mixture under several parameters. The flow characteristics such as mean velocity and turbulence intensity was analyzed by hot wire anemometer. Combustion pressure development measured by piezoelectric pressure transducer was used to investigate the effect of initial charge pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times on combustion pressure and combustion duration. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity had the maximum value at 200 or 300ms and then decreased to beneath 0.05m/s gradually at 3 seconds. Second mixture is accompanied by an increase in the combustion rate, and that the higher the mass which is added in the second stage injection, the faster the burn rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 1997

Premixed flame is better than diffusion flame to accomplish a high loading combustion. Since the turbulent characteristics of unburned mixture has a great influence on the flame structure, it is general that many researchers realize a high loading combustion with strengthening turbulent intensity of unburned mixture. Because turbulent premixed flame reacts efficiently on the condition of distributed reaction region, we made high turbulent premixed flame in the doubled impingement field. We investigated turbulent characteristics of unburned mixture with increasing shear force and visualized flames with direct and Schlieren photographs. And the combustion characteristics of flame was elucidated by instantaneous temperature measurement with a thermocouple, by ion currents with a micro electrostatic probe, by radical luminescence intensity and local equivalence ratio. Extremely strong turbulent of small scale is generated by impingement of mixture, and turbulent intensity of unburned mixture increased with the mean velocity. As a result of direct photographs, visible region of flame became longer due to increasing central direction flux. But as strengthed turbulent intensity, visible region of flame turned to shorter and reaction occurred efficiently. As strengthened turbulent intensity of mixture with increasing flux of central direction, maximum fluctuating temperature region moved to radial direction and fluctuation of temperature became lower. The reason is influx of central direction which caused flame zone to move toward radial direction, to maintain flame zone stable and to make flame scale smaller.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

The effects of unsteady combustion are experimentally studied using forced pulsating mixture supply. It was shown that unsteady combustion used in this experiment plays an important role in controlling self-excited combustion oscillations. It may also have desirable performances, from a practical point of view, such as high combustion load, augmented heat transfer, reduced pollutant emissions and so on. We examined the characteristics of unsteady combustion driven by forced pulsating mixture supply in a small duct-combustor with a rearward-facing step. Further, we found its influence on the onset of self-excited combustion oscillations, the possibility of suppressing self-excited combustion oscillations and the reason why the self-excited combustion oscillation was suppressed using the forced pulsating mixture supply, comparing with the steady mixture supply.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.169-177
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• 2000

The catalytic heat exchanger, which integrates two functions of heat generation and heat exchange into one equipment, was designed and its characteristics were investigated by the experiment and numerical simulation. The surface of the fin tube was deposited with Pd catalyst. The conversion of the mixture in the catalytic heat exchanger was more significantly affected by the inlet velocity of the mixture than by the inlet temperature and equivalence ratio of the mixture. It was found that the catalytic surface area of the fin tubes should be sufficiently increased to make the combustion intensity of the catalytic heat exchanger as high as possible. Results showed that the fin tubes, placed in the triangularly staggered form, should be adjusted so that the mixture flows uniformly over all the catalytic fin surfaces. Numerical simulation results demonstrated that the flow pattern of the mixture significantly affected the conversion of the mixture.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.218-228
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• 1996

The behaviors of the mixture at the downstream of throttle valve in a TBI type gasoline engine plays a greater role in design of intake system. A good mixture has been influencing directly not only on the engine power but also on the pollutant emission. The mixture flow in an intake manifold is very complex, and the flow characteristics are varied with the valve type, valve angle, inlet air flow rate, and the other flow factors. Three kinds of valve are chosen in this study, and the informations of the mixture flow are observed experimentally using a PIV apparatus. Perforate valve has a smaller recirculation zone than the case of solid valve with a lower valve loss coefficient, and iti is verified that the perforated valve is also suitable to control the flow rate in a mixture flow system.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

A cylindrical constant-volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the flow characteristics at the spark electrode gap and the combustion characteristics of an inhomogeneous charge methane-air mixture under several parameters such as stratified pattern, initial charge pressure, ignition time and the excess air ratio of the initial charge mixture. Flow characteristics including mean velocity and turbulence intensity were analyzed by a hot-wire anemometer. The combustion pressure development, measured by a piezo-electric pressure transducer, was used to investigate the effect of initial charge pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times on combustion pressure and combustion duration. It was found that the mean velocity and turbulence intensity had the maximum value around 200-300 ms and then decreased gradually to near-zero value at 3000 ms. For the stratified patterns, the combustion rate under the rich injection (RI) condition was the fastest. Under the initial charge conditions, the second mixture was accompanied by an increase in the combustion rate, and that the higher the mass which is added in the second stage injection, the faster the combustion rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1924-1934
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• 2009

Mixture phenomena are present in the overall culture due to internationalization in a modern society. A unique feel is required in materials due to the increasing demand for knit wear and there is a need for a strategic plan to achieve this. This study analyzed the appearance frequency and expressive characteristics of mixture phenomena based on selected data from collections related to the mixture phenomena trends in modern women's fashion from 2000 to 2008. Among the mixture phenomena, the mixture of the high and low class cultures had the highest frequency of occurrence and was expressed most often since the expansion of design areas was due to vague high and low concepts. The mixture of sexes showed the sharing of knit wear trends between the sexes with the pursuit of functionality. The mixture of styles showed a tendency to increase since the traditional form was transformed into a mixture of typical styles. The mixture of spaces showed a mixture of old and traditional knit wear patterns from Northern Europe and modern elements. The mixture of other materials showed the partial preceding mixture and the decorative materials that existed beyond it. The mixture of functions refers to the used characteristics of the two items. Imagination will grow and increase the possibility of expressions with the mixture of the other areas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2013

This study estimated the fermentation characteristics and nutrient value of corn-lablab bean mixture silages relative to corn silages. The effects of feeding corn-lablab bean mixture silages on nutrient apparent digestibility and milk production of dairy cows in northern China were also investigated. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used to determine the ruminal digestion kinetics and ruminal nutrient degradability of corn silage and corn-lablab bean mixture silages. Sixty lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cows each. Two diets were formulated with a 59:41 forage: concentrate ratio. Corn silage and corn-lablab bean mixture silages constituted 39.3% of the forage in each diet, with Chinese wildrye hay constituting the remaining 60.7%. Corn-lablab bean mixture silages had higher lactic acid, acetic acid, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, Ca, ether extract concentrations and ruminal nutrient degradability than monoculture corn silage (p<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations of corn-lablab bean mixture silages were lower than those of corn silage (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF for cows fed corn-lablab bean mixture silages was higher than for those fed corn silage (p<0.05). Feeding corn-lablab bean mixture silages increased milk yield and milk protein of dairy cows when compared with feeding corn silage (p<0.05). The economic benefit for cow fed corn-lablab bean mixture silages was 8.43 yuan/day/cow higher than that for that fed corn silage. In conclusion, corn-lablab bean mixture improved the fermentation characteristics and nutrient value of silage compared with monoculture corn. In this study, feeding corn-lablab bean mixture silages increased milk yield, milk protein and nutrient apparent digestibility of dairy cows compared with corn silage in northern China.