• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

충남지역의 사문암과 변성암 및 흑색셰일지역의 암석, 토양 및 그 위에서 생육하는 리기다소나무의 미량원소 함량을 측정하여 모암별 토양의 원소함량과 식물체의 흡수확계를 조사하였다. Ni, Cr 및 Co 함량은 사문암에서 매우 높았으며, Zn, Mo 및 Fe 함량은 변성암에서 높았다. 흑색셰일의 이들 원소는 사문암과 변성암보다 공히 낮았다. 사문암 토양의 Ni, Cr 및 Co 함량은 매우 높았으며, Zn과 Fe 함량은 사문암+변성암 혼합풍화토 및 흑색셰일 토양에서 높았다. 풍화토의 미량원소 함량은 암석의 함량보다 낮았으며, 그 패턴은 Mo를 제외하고는 모두 유사하였다. 사문암 풍화토의 pH 범위는 7.73~9.55로 매우 높았다. 사문암지역 리기다소나무의 Cr 흡수량은 토양내 Cr함량에 비하여 낮았으며, Zn 은 토양내의 원소함량에 비하여 리기다소나무에 의한 흡수량이 높았다. 리기다소나무에 의하여 흡수된 Ni, Fe 및 Co 함량에 대한 Fe/Ni, Co/Ni 비율은 사문암풍화토에서 가장 낮았다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2000

The effects of protease and/or lipase on the removal of protein soil and oily soil were investigated in this study. Cotton, rayon, nylon, and PET fabrics were soiled by padding of fresh bovine blood and spotting of mixed artificial sebum evenly. The soiled fabrics were aged at $130^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The fabrics were washed by using Terg-O-Tometer at various conditions. Protease and/or lipase were added in the alcohol ethoxylate (AE) detergent solution. The removal efficiency was evaluated by analysis of protein and/or oil on the fabrics before and after washing, respectively. The detergency of protein and/or oil on the fabrics was discussed with enzyme concentration, washing time, washing temperature, pH of washing solution and fiber characteristics. The hydrolysis of protease improved effectively the removal of oil as well as protein by increasing removal of protein-oil mixed soil at the same time. The effect of lipase added detergent solution was slightly shown on the removal of oil and/or protein. The removal of mixed soils from cotton fabrics was very low because of large amount of residual soils caused by the physical characteristics of cotton fiber.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2000

Sludge is generated in the process of water and wastewater treatment, and it has been causing various environmental problems. From this point of view, recycling of sludge appears to be the best way. The firing technology in pottery industry is applied to the sludge treatment , and the final product is called artificial soil. The effect of mixed artificial soil with upland soil was investigated through the crop growth experiment and the physical & chemical characteristics of the mixed soils were analyses. After the growth experiment , mixed soil plots contained more CEC, OM, TN, TP than upland soil plots. This result shows that the artificial soil produced form sludge can be mixed with upland soil, and crop can be increased. From the growth analysis, growth of soybean and corn in the mixed soil plots was better than that in the original upland soil plots. Heavy metals contents in the mixed soil plots were within the quality standard. This is a promising result since in most cases heavy metals are the most concern in the application of sludge product to farmland.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2006

우리나라 토양의 분류체계를 보완하고 점토광물 조성과 분포를 파악하기 위하여 우리나라 390개 토양통 중 잔적 및 붕적토에서 유래된 26개 토양통을 대상으로 토양 층위별료 시료를 채취하여 집적층을(B층) 토양의 이화학적 특성, 토양 중 점토의 광물조성과 화학성분을 분석하였다. 잔적 및 붕적모재별로는 화강암과 화강편마암, 회장암에서 유래된 토양에서 kaolin과 quartz, 유문암, 3기층, 석영반암, 응회암에서 유래된 토양에서 quartz과 kaolin, 석회암, 혈암, 사암, 역암 등 퇴적암에서 유래된 토양에서 illite와 chlorite가 주요한 점토광물이었다. 토양통별 점토광물조성을 군집분석 (CA, cluster analysis)을 통하여 (1) illite, kaolin, vemiculite를 주광물로 하는 혼합점토광물군 (MIX), (2) kaolin을 주광물로 illite가 많은 kaolin군 (KA), (3) chlorite와 illite가 주광물인 chlorite군 (CH), (4) kaolin과 illite를 주광물로 smectite가 함유된 smectite군 (SM) 등 4개의 점토광물 조성군으로 구분하였다. 우리나라 토양의 대부분은 kaolin을 주광물로 하는 토양과 illite, kaolin, vemiculite가 함유된 토양이었으며, illite와 kaolin을 주광물로 하는 토양에서 CEC가 낮았고 vemiculite와 smectite가 함유된 점토에서 규반비가 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.385-391
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• 1997

충남 광천과 홍성 일대의 사문암과 변성암 지역의 암석, 토양 및 출현빈도가 높은 대나물의 중금속 함량을 측정하여 사문암 토양의 독성화 정도와 식물체의 흡수관계를 조사하였다. Ni, Cr 및 Co는 사문암에 매우 높았으며 Zn, Sc, Mo 및 Fe 는 변성암에서 더 높았다. 사문암 풍화토에서는 Ni, Cr 및 Co가 높았으며 Zn과 Fe는 비사문암 풍화토(사문암 및 변성암 풍화토와 변성암 풍화토)에서 높았고, 토양의 중금속은 암석내의 함량보다 낮았다. 사문암 풍화토에 출현하는 대나물내 중금속 함량은 혼합 풍화토의 그것보다 높게 나타났으며, 같은 사문암 지역이라도 홍성보다 광천의 중금속 함량이 높았다. 대나물의 평균 Fe:Ni의 비율은 혼합 풍화토에서는 216이고 사문암 풍화토에서는 49였다. 대나물내 Ni, Cr, Co, Fe 및 Sc 등은 지상부보다 지하부에서 높았으며, Zn과 Mo 함량은 지상부에서 높았다. 암석과 식물체의 중금속 함량 비교 결과 식물체에서보다 암석의 중금속 함량이 높았고, 대나물에 의한 Zn의 흡수는 사문암과 변성암 지역에서 높았으며 Sc와 Fe는 사문암 지역에서 뚜렷이 높았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the forage productivity and quality in a grasslclover sward as affected by the application of three different fertilizers; double superphosphate(DS), fused Mg-phosphate (FP), and complex fertilizer(CF) on newly reclaimed hilly soil. This part was concerned with the mutual balances of mineral nutrients in the soils and mixed grass/clover sward in relation to grass tetany hazard. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Concentration of exchangeable Mg and relative proportion of Mg to CEC in the soils before experiment were considerably below the critical level for good forage growth and prevention of grass tetany. It seems that these properties would be able to handicap by liming and NPK applications. 2. Comparing with the critical level for likelihood of tetany(Mg <0.2%, K >2.5%, and W(Ca+Mg) >2.2 in forages), mean concentration of Mg ranged from 0.14 in DS plot and 0.18 in FP plot to 0.24% in CF plot. Meanwhile, hazards of grass tetany in relation to the %K and ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) were not recognized. 3. Comparing with the optimum level of Carp(% ratio)=2.0 in forages for animal health, these ranged from 6.1 to 7.1. (Key words : Grass tetany, Fertilizer. Soil. Mineral nutrients)

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2019

The materials of artificial soils in the production process of container seedlings have a great influence on plant growth. Peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite have been used as major components of artificial soils for many years; however, they could decrease carbon fixation carried out by the soil and cause environmental problems such as a change in the water quality. Thus, environmental friendly materials to replace them must be developed. The purpose of this study was to verify the optimum additive materials of artificial soils and their mixed ratios for the growth and seedling quality index (SQI) of Quercus serrata. Rice husk, mushroom sawdust, and pine bark were each used as an additive material and mixed into the growth medium at 10% and 20% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the height growth of Q. serrata. The 20% mushroom sawdust decreased the root collar diameter by 23.4% compared to the control. The total dry weight was highest with the 10% rice husk and was significantly lower by 10.3% for the 20% mushroom sawdust compared to the control. Additionally, the SQI for all the treatments showed no tendency to increase compared with the control. Thus, this study showed the possibility of recycling biomaterials from agriculture and forest for seedling production. This method could reduce environmental problems and help eco-friendly nurseries to achieve a carbon negative impact by the recycling of by-products.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

Three kinds of toxic heavy metals, such as lead, copper, and cadmium, existing abundantly in contaminated soils were selected to investigate pH change, electroosmotic flow, and the removal rate in the application of electrokinetic process. In the change of pHs, they reached to about 12 and 2 at each cathodic and anodic region, respectively, and maintained for reaction being proceeded. Electroosmotic flow rates were not influenced by the kind of metal species but by electropotential gradient. On the soils contaminated by each metal, the removal rate of Cd was the fastest among three as in the order of Cd>Pb>Cu. While on the soils contaminated by mixed metal species, Cu was the fastest. Metal species transported by electrokinetic processes were distributed in between 0.9 and 1.0 of normalized region. In the case of soils contaminated by one kind of metal. the relative concentrations of Pb and Cd estimated in between normalized region 0.9 and 1.0 were 5.2 and 5.7, respectively.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2007

In order to supplement insufficient nutrients of paper sludges, additional materials such as saw dust and rice husk were added during preparation of bed soils. Rice husk was more finely ground, compared to saw dust. The fine particles of the rice husk prevented their flow in a barrel of the expander. The mixed additives with paper sludges could be used to control the quantity of required nutrients for raising plants. That is, except for potassium and manganese, most of nutrients were decreased with adding the additives to paper sludge. The acidity of the paper sludges mixed with the saw dust or the rice husk was a little decreased with the increased amount of the additives. Differently from the bulk density of the paper sludges, the moisture content and the water absorption rate of the paper sludges were incremented with increasing the additives.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2021

The effects of green manure crops, hairy vetch and sesban, supplemented with HS (humic substance) on biological soil health indicators was studied in a pot containing two kinds of reclaimed soil previously contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons; a soil remediated by land-farming (DDC) and another soil by low-temperature thermal desorption (YJ). Treatments include no plant (C), plants only (H), and plants+2% HS (PH), which were evaluated in a pot containing respective soil. Biological indicators include microbial community analysis as well as soil enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, 𝛽-glucosidase, N-acetyl-𝛽-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), acid/alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and urease. Results showed an increase of enzyme activities in pot soils with plants and even greater in soils with plants+HS. The enzyme activities of DDC soil with plants (DDC_P) and with plants+HS (DDC_PH) increased 1.6 and 3.9 times on average, respectively than those in the control. The enzyme activities YJ soil with plants (YJ_P) and with plant+HS (YJ_PH) increased 1.8 and 3.8 times on average, respectively than those in the control. According to microbial community analysis, the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in DDC and YJ soil was increased from 1.5% to 7% and from 0 to 5%, respectively, after planting hairy vetch and sesban. This study showed that mixed planting of green manure crops with a supplement of humic substance is highly effective for the restoration of biological health indicators of reclaimed soils.