• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2000

The immunosuppressive effects of thirty nine chemicals chosen by their potential toxicity were evaluated using a three-step testing method. The immunotoxicity test method developed in this study consisted of three simple assays of lymphoproliferation, mixed leukocyte response, and interleukin (IL)-2 production. The first step was mitogen-induced proliferation assay. Ten chemicals showed the inhibitory effects on the mitogen (lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A)-induced proliferation in dose-dependent manners. The second step was mixed lymphocyte response. This step crosschecked the growth-suppressive effects detected at the first step. All of 10 chemicals, which showed suppression of lymphoproliferation, also exhibited the suppressive effects on the mixed lymphocyte response in the similar range of chemical concentration. The third step was planned to determine whether or not this growth suppression was mediated through an early activation of T-cell, which could be represented with IL-2 production. Six out of 10 chemicals decreased the interleukin-2 production in the similar concentration range used in the step 1 and 2. These results suggest that those 6 chemicals might have their targets on the signal transduction path-way toward the IL-2 production. In the meantime the other 4 chemicals might have their targets after the IL-2 production signal. Taken all together, the three-step test would be simple, fast, and efficient to deter-mine whether or not the chemical has immunosuppressive effects.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.166.1-166.1
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• 2003

We investigated the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), endocrine disruptor, on the mixed lymphocyte reaction and TNF-$\alpha$ production of antigen presenting cells in mice. Cells from mouse (C57BL/6) bone marrow were cultured with GM-CSF for 8 days and mature dendritic cells (DCs) were prepared. These DCs proliferation in response to Balb/c splenocytes was measured at 72 h of culture with BPA by tritiated thymidine incorporation ([3H]TdR) and [3H]TdR incorporation was determined by scintilation counting. (omitted)

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2003

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Polypodium genus, which exhibit antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Since one of our main interests is to obtain natural immunoregulatory agents devoid of pharmacological adverse effects, we used flow cytometry analysis to highlight relative contributions of a water-soluble fraction of different concentrations of Polypodium rhizome extracts on lymphocyte subpopulations, NK and LAK activity. To measure their potential immunoregulatory activity a T cell proliferation assay in response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and mixed lymphocyte reactions were chosen. As a confirmatory bioassay we studied the effect of our extracts on CD45RO and CD95 antigen expressions. The results indicate that CD95 expression dramatically increases after peripheral blood lymphocyte activation and treatment with Polypodium leucotomus, cambricum and vulgare extracts, suggesting a powerful intrinsic pro-apoptotic effect.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

Chlorpyrifos, o,o diethyl-o-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide. The use of chlorpyrifos has been increased more and more as pesticide. But the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations has not been yet observed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations in CICA male mice. Chlorpyrifos was administered to mice by a single intraperitoneal injection for the purpose of observing acute effects. On the one hand to get the information on immunopathologic alterations we observed hematological values, counted total circulating leukocytes and assessed the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils from the peripheral blood, measured the ratio of organ/body weight and counted splenic cellularity in CBA male mice which treated chlorpyrifos intraperitoneally. But we could not find any significant immunopathologic alterations statistically by a single intraperitoneal injection. Also, the exposure of chlorpyrifos caused no significant change in the number of PFC/10$^6$ spleen cells at any three given doses. On the other hand a singte intraperitoneal injection of chlorpyrifos decreased the lymphocyte proliferation response slightly to ConA or LPS stimulation at a dose of 6 mg/kg b.w. Administrations of chlorpyrifos reduced mixed leukocyte response(MLR). MLR was decreased moderately at doses of 3mg/kg b.w. and 6mg/kg b.w. Therefore, all these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos may alter the immune functions acutely. especially by the changes of T lymphocyte activity.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2022

본 연구는 토종실용닭 암수 간의 생산 특성 및 생리적 특성을 비교하고자 이들의 산육 능력, 강건성 및 스트레스 반응 정도를 살펴보았다. 시험은 토종실용닭 암컷 608수와 수컷 479수를 대상으로 1일령부터 12주간 실시하였다. 산육 능력의 평가는 체중, 사료 섭취량, 사료요구율을 조사하였고, 강건성 및 스트레스 반응 정도의 측정은 생존율, 텔로미어 함유율, DNA 손상률, heterophil-lymphocyte 비율, HSP-70, HSP-90α 및 HSP-90β 유전자 발현율을 분석하였다. 시험 결과, 암수 간의 체중은 2주령부터 시험 종료 시까지 수컷이 암컷보다 유의하게 높았고(P<0.01), 사료 이용성은 시험 전기간 수컷이 암컷보다 많은 사료를 섭취한 반면 낮은 사료요구율을 보였다. 시험 전 기간 생존율은 암컷이 82.8%, 수컷이 73.8%로 암컷이 수컷보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 스트레스 반응 지표 분석 결과, 텔로미어 함유율, DNA 손상률, heterophil-lymphocyte 비율 및 HSP 유전자 발현율 모두에서 암컷과 수컷 간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 토종실용닭 암수 간의 산육 능력과 생존율의 차이는 있으나 스트레스 반응 정도의 차이는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 토종실용닭의 생산성 측면에서 암수의 생리적 특성과 무관하게 암컷과 수컷을 분리하여 사육하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2018

본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 산란계에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 생산성, 계란품질, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 분 암모니아에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 50주령 Hy-Line brown 산란계를 무작위로 각각 100마리씩 4 그룹, C (대조군, 실온 $25^{\circ}C$), HS (열 스트레스 $33^{\circ}C$), HSP (HS 플러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg)로 배치하였다. 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 비장 무게, 혈액 IgG 및 lymphocyte 농도는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, 코르티코스테론, heterophil과 lymphocyte의 비율 (H:L) 및 폐사율은 유의하게 낮았다. Lactobacillus는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였으나 Escherichiacoli (E. coli), coliform bacteria 및 aerobic bacteria는 유의하게 낮았다. 분에서 암모니아 발생은 HS 그룹이 HSP 그룹에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 혼합 생균제가 여름철 산란계의 더위 피해를 방해주고 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 균형을 경유하여 생산성, 계란품질 및 계분으로부터 악취 발생을 줄이는 데 효율적인 영양전략이 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2012

To examine the potentiation of Macrolepiota procera extracts (MPE-4) to act as adjuvant enhancing the tumor specific anti-tumor immune response, tumor vaccine prepared by boiling (HK vaccine) admixed with MPE-4 and immunized in mice. Vaccination of mice with HK vaccine in combination with MPE-4 resulted in higher inhibition in tumor metastasis compared with the mice of HK vaccine alone treatment against live syngeneic tumor cell challenge. The splenocytes from mice immunized HK vaccine mixed with MPE-4 was able to elicit a stronger cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response as compared with HK vaccine alone. In addition, the splenocytes from MPE-4 admixed HK vaccine immunized mice secreted a higher concentration of Th1 type cytokine such as IFN-${\gamma}$, and GM-CSF. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice immunized HK vaccine and MPE-4 led to a more robust anti-tumour response than the HK vaccine alone. Overall, these results indicate that MPE-4 is a good candidate adjuvant of anti-tumor immune response.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

본 연구는 한국토종닭 종계에 있어 암수 합사가 개체들의 스트레스 반응 정도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한 것으로 스트레스 반응 정도는 합사 이전과 합사 이후 개체들의 H/L ratio, HSPs 유전자 발현량 및 세포 내 DNA 손상율을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 합사에 따른 개체들의 H/L ratio 값이 합사 이전에 비해 3배 이상 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났으며 암수 간 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). HSP-70, HSP90-α 및 HSP90-β 유전자 발현율에 있어 모든 HSPs의 유전자 발현율이 암수 합사 이전에 비해 합사 이후 2.5~3.4배 정도 유의하게 상승한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 암컷이 수컷에 비해 합사에 따른 HSPs 발현율 증가가 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 세포 내 DNA 손상율 분석에 있어 모든 Comet 지표들이 암수 합사 이전에 비해 합사 이후에 유의하게 증가하였으며, 암수 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). 이상의 결과들을 종합할 때, 토종 종계에 있어 암수 합사가 암컷과 수컷 모두에게 매우 큰 외적 스트레스 요인으로 작용함을 시사한다고 하겠다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.399-402
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• 2011

In recent years, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from various tissues have been widely tested for developing cell therapies, tissue repair and transplantation. Although there has been much interest in the immunomodulatory properties of MSC and their immunologic reactions following autologous, allogeneic and xenogenic transplantation of MSC in vivo, up to date, the expression of immunogenic markers, such as class I and II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), after differentiation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived MSC has been poorly investigated and require extensive in vitro and in vivo testing. In this experiment, the expression of the HLA-ABC and HLA-DR on hUCB-derived MSC have been tested by immunocytochemical staining. The undifferentiated MSC were moderately stained for HLA-ABC but very weakly for HLA-DR. In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of allogeneic lymphocytes on proliferation of MSC, the MSC were cultured in the presence or absence of peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. The allogeneic lymphocytes did not significantly inhibit MSC proliferation. We conclude that hUCB-MSC expressed moderately class I HLA antigen while almost negatively class II HLA antigen. The MSC have an immunomodulatory effect which can suppress the allogeneic response of lymphocytes. These in vitro data suggest that allogeneic MSC derived from cord blood can be useful candidate for allogeneic cell therapy and transplantation without a major risk of rejection.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2002

Background: The costimulatory molecule 4-1BB, a member of nerve growth factor receptor/tumor necrosis factor (NGFR/TNFR) super family, is involved in cell survival and death. Methods: In this study, female C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) mice were used as a recipient, and DBA/2 ($H-2^d$) as a donor to assess a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and CTL response in vitro, and skin graft survival. IL-2, IFN level was measured by ELISA. Results: Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) analysis showed that 4-1BB-deficient responder cells showed enhanced cellular proliferation over littermate controls. In contrast, IL-2 production was diminished only in 4-1BB knockout cultures. The IFN expression, on the other hand, was comparable between the groups. When female C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) mice were grafted with the trunk skin of DBA/2 ($H-2^d$) mice, the in vivo tissue destruction of 4-1BB-deficient mice was not distinct from the normal littermates. Conclusion: These data suggest that 4-1BB is critical for the induction of alloreactive responses in vitro but 4-1BB alone could not change the course of skin rejection in vivo.