• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

This study aims at analyzing the therapeutic design characteristics implemented in the indoor atriums of the outpatient areas in four children's hospitals in London and San Francisco. A mixed-method approach was used to examine the spatial configurations and design elements in the atriums, while a literature review was conducted to understand the therapeutic design characteristics relevant to atrium spaces and children's healthcare facilities. The spatial design and the pattern of use of the atrium in each hospital were studied during field visits and interviews with the hospital management staff. Based on the literature review and the observations from the field study, a Visibility Graphic Analysis was chosen to examine the visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility of the spatial configurations in the atriums of each hospital. In addition, the openness, restfulness, and vibrant ambience of the design elements in the atriums of each hospital were investigated by surveying fifty-two design professionals on the quality of the design elements in the atriums. A spatial configuration analysis, confirmed that all the atrium spaces had high visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility due to their high connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and because the atriums were laid out in the open lobby space, along the major circulation axis, or in the circulation intersection. In the survey of the design element evaluation, all atriums proved to be appropriate in terms of openness, while the adequacy of restfulness and vibrant ambience differed depending on the hospitals. Notably, location and orientation, access, natural light, outdoor view, and play facilities were found significant environmental design elements determining the successful implementation of the therapeutic design in the atriums. The observations from the aforementioned are further discussed to enhance the therapeutic design quality of atrium spaces in children's hospitals.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.131-142
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of housing policies and apartment designs by comparison of supplying and remodeling apartments between France and Korea. The literature review was used in Korea cases and the literature review, site investigation, and expert interviews were used in France cases. At first, by reviewing the related literatures about the apartment developments and regenerations in France and Korea, twelve remodeling cases were represented respectively in Ile de France and Seoul. As a result, in housing policy, the Korean housing market had a shortage of low-priced houses related to biased apartment developments by private sector dependence. Consequently, the living in Korea generally required the high price in low quality houses. But in France, the housing policies were very successful in housing quantity, quality, and expense. It is involved in balances between the public housing supply and the activation of a private housing market based on the government support policy. Nevertheless, in the success of the apartment as a house type, apartments in France means the social elimination because of the supply method problems and the management failures of HLM institutions. However, in Korea, the apartment implies the successful life of the middle class population because of the competitive evolutions during 40 years as a market housing. Secondly, In the characteristics of remodeling, the remodeling in Korea was for property value improvements. It mainly executed to expand the size of a house by expansion of living space. However the remodeling in France was for social mixes and connections with the surrounding area. It mostly performed by various design methods such as vertical merging houses, partial removal, reconstruction, and construction of a local community centers and mixed-use residential buildings. This study shows the simultaneously remodeling features of those two countries. These findings can be used in developing effective strategies for the public housing regenerations in Korea and other countries.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.29-56
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• 2021

Purpose Cyber deviance of adolescents has become a serious social problem. With a widespread use of smartphones, incidents of cyber deviance have increased in Korea and both quantitative and qualitative damages such as suicide and depression are increasing. Research has been conducted to understand diverse factors that explain adolescents' delinquency in cyber space. However, most previous studies have focused on a single theory or perspective. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively analyze motivations of juvenile cyber deviance and to develop a predictive model for delinquent adolescents by integrating four different theories on cyber deviance. Design/methodology/approach By using data from Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey 2010, this study extracts 27 potential factors for cyber deivance based on four background theories including general strain, social learning, social bonding, and routine activity theories. Then this study employs econometric analysis to empirically assess the impact of potential factors and utilizes a machine learning approach to predict the likelihood of cyber deviance by adolescents. Findings This study found that general strain factors as well as social learning factors have positive effects on cyber deviance. Routine activity-related factors such as real-life delinquent behaviors and online activities also positively influence the likelihood of cyber diviance. On the other hand, social bonding factors such as community commitment and attachment to community lessen the likelihood of cyber deviance while social factors related to school activities are found to have positive impacts on cyber deviance. This study also found a predictive model using a deep learning algorithm indicates the highest prediction performance. This study contributes to the prevention of cyber deviance of teenagers in practice by understanding motivations for adolescents' delinquency and predicting potential cyber deviants.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2022

Virtual humans are implemented with dedicated modeling tools like Unity 3D Engine in virtual space (virtual reality, mixed reality, metaverse, etc.). Various human modeling tools have been introduced to implement virtual human-like appearance, voice, expression, and behavior similar to real people, and virtual humans implemented via these tools can communicate with users to some extent. However, most of the virtual humans so far have stayed unimodal using only text or speech. As AI technologies advance, the outdated machine-centered dialogue system is now changing to a human-centered, natural multi-modal system. By using several pre-trained networks, we implemented an emotion-based multi-modal dialogue system, which generates human-like utterances and displays appropriate facial expressions in real-time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.450-453
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• 2002

In radiotherapy treatment planning, it is critical to deliver the radiation dose to tumor and protect surrounding normal tissue. Recent developments in functional imaging and radiotherapy treatment technology have been raising chances to control tumor saving normal tissues. A brain phantom which could be used for image registration technique of CT-MR and CT-SPECT images using surface matching was developed. The brain phantom was specially designed to obtain imaging dataset of CT, MR, and SPECT. The phantom had an external frame with 4 N-shaped pipes filled with acryl rods, Pb rods for CT, MR, and SPECT imaging, respectively. 8 acrylic pipes were inserted into the empty space of the brain phantom to be imaged for geometric evaluation of the matching. For an optimization algorithm of image registration, we used Downhill simplex algorithm suggested as a fast surface matching algorithm. Accuracy of image fusion was assessed by the comparison between the center points of the section of N-shaped bars in the external frame and the inserted pipes of the phantom and minimized cost functions of the optimization algorithm. Technique with partially transparent, mixed images using color on gray was used for visual assessment of the image registration process. The errors of image registration of CT-MR and CT-SPECT were within 2mm and 4mm, respectively. Since these errors were considered within a reasonable margin from the phantom study, the phantom is expected to be used for conventional image registration between multimodal image datasets..

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2023

Third places are those that offer a space outside of work and home for people to escape the stress associated with the primary spaces of their lives. Through social interactivity these help in acquiring some emotional support provided by a close and intimate attachment. Such social support can turn into social resources for individuals and can lead to forming communities that may become incubators for social capital through regular visits to shared socializing places. This paper focuses on social interaction that takes place through the third place and the communities that are being created as a contributing factor to knowledge management. The study being reported in this paper investigated the role of coffee shops as third places in building communities and social capital in Kuwait. A mixed-method approach was used to conduct the study. These methods included qualitative methods such as extended conversations in the form of semi-structured interviews and quantitative methods of using questionnaires distributed to coffee shop staff and visitors. Results indicated that importance attached to providing facilities by coffee shops reflected that the owners perceived these as third places. The facilities attracted customers to coffee houses where interactions took place that helped to build communities. The pattern of visits by customers showed that mostly they come in groups and have meetings and gatherings that facilitated and encouraged interactions. The communities that are being built in the coffee shops are indicative of these being perceived as third places by owners, customers, and staff. This study shows the potential of coffee shops as a major sector of the food industry promising a valuable contribution in transformation and transition to a knowl- edge-based economy in Kuwait.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.59.2-59.2
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• 2020

Disks around protostars are the birthplace of planets. The first step toward planet formation is grain growth from ㎛-sized grains to mm/cm-sized grains in a disk, particularly in dense regions. In order to study whether grains grow and segregate at the protostellar stage, we investigate the ALMA Band 3 (3.1 mm) and 7 (0.87 mm) dust continuum observations of the protostellar disk WL 17 in ρ Ophiuchus L1688 cloud. As reported in a previous study, the Band 3 image shows substructures: a narrow ring and a large central hole. On the other hand, the Band 7 image shows different substructures: a non-axisymmetric ring and an off-center hole. The two-band observations provide a mean spectral index of 2.3, which suggests the presence of mm/cm-sized large grains. Its non-axisymmetric distribution may imply dust segregation between small and large grains. We perform radiative transfer modeling to examine the size and spatial distributions of dust grains in the WL 17 disk. The best-fit model suggests that large grains (>1 cm) exist in the disk, settling down toward the midplane, whereas small grains (~10 ㎛) well mixed with gas are distributed off-center and non-axisymmetrically in a thick layer. The low spectral index and the modeling results suggest that grains rapidly grow at the protostellar stage and that grains differently distribute depending on sizes, resulting in substructures varying with observed wavelengths. To understand the differential grain distributions and substructures, we discuss the effects of the protoplanet(s) expected inside the large hole and the possibility of gravitational instability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.204-213
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• 2008

In this age of information ruled by new technologies and knowledge, the world is interconnected as a single community, and within this trend of globalization, new cultural codes are emerging through temporal fusion between the past and the present and spatial fusion between different regions and countries. In this situation, it seems meaningful to review Korean fusion foods and restaurants serving such foods, as well as to consider their future directions. Thus, the objective of the present study was to survey and analyze Korean fusion restaurants representing Korean culture not only in Korea, but also in foreign cities, and to identify the expression characteristics of such restaurants. Based on restaurants recommended in relevant magazines and on Internet sites, 18 spaces were selected, visited, and surveyed, in which tradition and modernism were well-mixed. Data on the shapes, materials, colors, and patterns of spatial elements and food-related elements, including photographs, were collected and analyzed. The results are as follows. Of the 18 restaurants, 13 (72%) showed temporal fusion in both spatial and food-related elements, 4 showed temporal fusion in spatial elements and cultural fusion in food-related elements, and 1 showed cultural fusion in both spatial and food-related elements. In general, the spaces were mainly designed with modern elements and partially with traditional elements (ceilings, windows, furniture, articles), and the fusion of food-related elements was made in diverse forms that included temporal fusion restructuring traditional menus contemporarily, and cultural fusion harmonizing traditional food with Western cookery.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.809-837
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• 2012

Philip Roth rejects the narrative unity and singularity of the traditional novel and creates instead a multi-levelled, fragmentary, and repetitive narrative. It is not easy to distinguish fact from fiction in The Plot Against America. As an entertaining and creative work of the postmodern historiographic metafiction, Philip Roth's The Plot Against America interrogates the existence of historically verifiable facts, the validity of authentic and official version of history, and reexamines the narrative conventions of history writing. The aim of this paper is to examine Roth's narrative experiment or 'thought experiment' and to explore the intention of creating alternative history in The Plot Against America. Roth does a 'thought experiment' in The Plot Against America. In this cautionary "what if" political fable, Roth hypothesizes that in 1940 aviation hero Charles Lindbergh, an ardent isolationist who was sympathetic to Hiltler, won the presidency. Jewish communities are stunned and terrified as America flirts with fascism and anti-semitism. Reimagining his children-with considerable fact mixed in with the fiction-Roth narrates an alternative history that has an unsettling plausibility. Roth has constructed a brilliantly telling and disturbing historical prism by which to refract the American psyche as it pertain to the discord of individual, race, history in The Plot Against America. Roth analyzes the life of individual in a historic space, the situation of anti-semitism in world of invisible order, racial conflict between black and white in world of visible order, and the darkest side of national power in this work. Roth's stories argue for the equality of various cultures grounded on the common notion of humanity, for an ethic of mutual respect, and for the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2024

This study examines the classification and typical characteristics of 148 owner shop houses existing in the historical city center of Cheongju. First, they can be classified into single-story, middle-story, and divided types according to the distribution of residential and commercial functions. The single-story(36) has 'ㅡ', 'ㄱ', and 'narrow and deep'-shaped arrangement, with stores on the front and houses on the rear. The middle-story second floor(89) is divided into a first-story store and a second-story house, and the third floor(23) has different functions for each floor, but more than half of them have houses on the second and third floors. Among the total, there are also 16 cases in which the division type is taken with different construction times and structures. Second, in the position of the stairs connected to the upper floor among the middle-floor types(112), the outer stair type(52) to separate from the living space while making the most of the stores on the first floor accounts for 47%, but the biggest feature is that the inner staircase type(34) with privacy reaches 30%. The rear stair room type(26) entering through alleyways or private yards is also 23%. Third, the front pillar spacing varies from 1bay to 4bay in appearance, but the 2bay type on the 2nd floor and the 1bay type on the 3rd floor occupy the largest proportion. This exterior type is a characteristic of a owner shop house that can measure the range of personal ownership. Despite the conflicting functions of stores and houses, 35~40% of the cases are in which the opening positions of the upper and lower floors are unified.