• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2012

Genomic breeding value (GEBV) has recently become available in the beef cattle industry. Genomic selection methods are exceptionally valuable for selecting traits, such as marbling, that are difficult to measure until later in life. One method to utilize information from sparse marker panels is the Bayesian model selection method with RJMCMC. The accuracy of prediction varies between a multiple SNP model with RJMCMC (0.47 to 0.73) and a least squares method (0.11 to 0.41) when using SNP information, while the accuracy of prediction increases in the multiple SNP (0.56 to 0.90) and least square methods (0.21 to 0.63) when including a polygenic effect. In the multiple SNP model with RJMCMC model selection method, the accuracy ($r^2$) of GEBV for marbling predicted based only on SNP effects was 0.47, while the $r^2$ of GEBV predicted by SNP plus polygenic effect was 0.56. The accuracies of GEBV predicted using only SNP information were 0.62, 0.68 and 0.73 for CWT, EMA and BF, respectively. However, when polygenic effects were included, the accuracies of GEBV were increased to 0.89, 0.90 and 0.89 for CWT, EMA and BF, respectively. Our data demonstrate that SNP information alone is missing genetic variation information that contributes to phenotypes for carcass traits, and that polygenic effects compensate genetic variation that whole genome SNP data do not explain. Overall, the multiple SNP model with the RJMCMC model selection method provides a better prediction of GEBV than does the least squares method (single marker regression).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3677-3688
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• 2011

The patent information retrieval system can serve a variety of purposes. In general, the patent information is retrieved using limited key words. To identify earlier technology and priority rights repeated effort is needed. This study proposes a method of content-based retrieval using text mining. Using the proposed algorithm, each of the documents is invested with characteristic value. The characteristic values are used to compare similarities between query documents and database documents. Text analysis is composed of 3 steps: stop-word, keyword analysis and weighted value calculation. In the test results, the general retrieval and the proposed algorithm were compared by using accuracy measurements. As the study arranges the result documents as similarities of the query documents, the surfer can improve the efficiency by reviewing the similar documents first. Also because of being able to input the full-text of patent documents, the users unacquainted with surfing can use it easily and quickly. It can reduce the amount of displayed missing data through the use of content based retrieval instead of keyword based retrieval for extending the scope of the search.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of name attractiveness on self-efficacy and emotional awareness in adult men and women. The subjects of this study were 300 males and females in their 10s and 30s living in the metropolitan area. However, 250 copies, excluding missing questionnaires during the collection process and incomplete questionnaires, were used for the analysis. As a result of analyzing the difference in name attractiveness according to factors, the lower the age group and the lower the academic level, the more dissatisfied they were with their names. Besides, the regression analysis conducted to verify the effect of name attractiveness on self-efficacy showed that the model's fitness was R²=.382 and the model's explanatory power was somewhat inferior, but β=.322, t-value 9.276, p<.001 were shown to be statistically significant, so name attraction directly affects self-efficacy. And the results of the regression analysis conducted to verify the effect of name attractiveness on emotionality turned out to be R²=.412. The regression analysis, which controls demographic variables such as gender, age, and academic level, was statistically significant as β=.326, t-value 6.408, p<.001. In other words, the name attractiveness affects emotional awareness. There is no empirical study that the name attractiveness can improve happiness or the quality of life, but it seems often among athletes that names are enhanced by the past.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

1. Objectives : This study aimed to provide practical insights on the development of traditional Korean medical tourism and maximize the satisfaction of foreign patients. The main objectives of this study were also to evaluate Sasang Constitutional Medicine(S.C.M.) diagnosis cost from foreigners' perspectives. 2. Methods : For this study, the data were collected from tourists to Korea between January 3, 2010 to February 20, 2010. The sample used in this study was mainly composed of Japanese, Chines and US/Canada, because they are the major national visitor origin group to Korea. The primary data were collected by questionnaire survey using a standardized instrument with a convenience sampling procedure, and efforts of the interviews involved an on-site, self-administrated questionnaire to those sitting or visiting tourist attractions. The total size of the sample was 276 of which 275 showed no missing value against the factors needed for final analysis and were for analysis as an effective sample. SPSS 13.0 for window was used to analyze the collected data on which descriptive statistics and the Limited Dependent(LIMDEP) 8.0 program was used in estimating the willingness-to-pay(WTP) for traditional Korean medical tourism through the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM). A dichotomous choice question form of a CVM was applied to estimating the value. 3. Results and Conclusion: 1. There was significant statistical relationship between attributes when considering medical tourism destination and socio-demographic profiles such as age group, nationality, educational level and occupation. 2. In the level of recognition on Korean medicine, north Americans showed low level of recognition compared to other nationalities. In addition, in terms of age group, 20's and 30's showed low level of recognition on Korean medicine, 3. In relation to the level of interest on Korean medicine, Japanese respondents had higher interesting level on Korean medicine. Also singles had higher level of interest. 4. Regarding preferred Korean medical treatment program, there found significant statistical relationship between Korean medical treatment program and socio-demographic characteristics. 5. The estimating result of the logit model showed that the variables affecting the WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis were offered price and potential ability of medical tourism destination. 6. In relation to WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis, Japanese respondents showed a WTP of USD 62.69 and Chinese respondents showed USD 57.09. On the other hands, respondents from north America and other countries showed a WTP of USD 65.50. In conclusion, from this study, the results found that the opportunities in tradition Korean medical tourism are immense and the possible rewards are numerous. It is time to continue to promote 'Sasang Constitutional medicine' and make the Korean medical tourism programs considering on nationalities, age group, gender and WTP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 1998

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angie. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia $21^{(R)}$) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.03). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate wear characteristics of light-cured composites when opposed by human enamel. Seven light-cured restorative composites were selected and enamel cusps sectioned from premolars. All samples were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. 68.6 N of weight was loaded during the test. The measurements of vertical loss of enamel cusps, weight loss and volume loss of composites, and SEM observations of the polished and abraded surfaces were made after 30,000 cycles. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The highest hardness value of 70.4 was observed in the Spectrum group and the lowest value of 19.8 was observed in the Heliomolar group. Results of Tukey test showed that an overall significant difference was indicated except the Spectrum, Z100 and Clearfil AP-X groups(p<0.05). 2. Enamel showed the good abrasion resistance against the Heliomolar group of microfilled composite and the Palpique Toughwell group containing the submicron hybrid type spherical fillers. 3. The abrasive wear resistance of hybrid composites was improved with the decrease of mean particle size and hybrid of submicron particle fillers. 4. SEM observation of worn surfaces revealed the protrusion, attrition and missing of fillers, cracks developing and delamination in the matrix.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.17-29
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• 2014

Purpose - The use of corporate social activities to implement the concept of corporate social responsibility enhances brand equity and attitude, and strengthens economic competitiveness. In areas such as mobile communications, companies take the responsibility of protecting customers and enhance the quality of the mobile communication service, helping to make an effort to obey the regulations of the public trade order and fair trade agreement, enabling a healthy society through communication with elderly living alone or youths without parents, and enhancing marketing strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - To test the hypothesis, a survey was conducted. The surveyed population includes people who use the big three mobile communication services. The survey was conducted from October 4th to October 14th, 2013. A total of 500 survey questionnaires were circulated and 483 were collected; out of these, 32 were excluded due to missing or incomprehensible information. The data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0 via frequency analysis, trust analysis, search factor analysis, relationship analysis, confirmation factor analysis using AMOS 18.0, and structural equation model analysis. Results - Research on corporate social responsibility has been frequently conducted recently. Companies are perceived as social constituents satisfying the social desires of people in addition to customer needs. Further, companies are returning profits to society to satisfy community needs, because there is greater emphasis on the social responsibilities of companies. Companies' social responsibilities should include marketing strategies and the identification of customer needs. This study shows that social service activities influence brand value, which influences customer attitudes; therefore, social service activities indirectly influence customer attitudes. In order to increase customers' purchasing intention, it is essential to improve brand image via social services and provide a distinctive quality of service. Conclusions - This research has used the purposive selection method in the empirical analysis to identify the effect of social services on brand value and customer attitude. Therefore, this study revealed that businesses, whose ultimate objective is to improve customers' purchasing intention, should promote their brand equity through corporate social responsibility activities and offer a distinct service quality. Limitations in the progress of research were found and future indications to overcome these limitations are suggested as follows. First, survey responders had a limited understanding of social responsibilities; therefore, this concept needs to be explained to people first. Second, the research was done on people who live in Daejeon; thus, it is not representative of the entire country. The research has to be repeated with people in other cities. Third, there is a limitation in the study because the purposive selection method was used on Daejeon customers. In the future, a more precise selection of the population is needed. Fourth, Daejeon has unique geographical and size characteristics. Thus, customers in Seoul and other areas may display different characteristics and research on them may reveal different findings. Therefore, again, this study has to be repeated in other areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.551-557
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• 2019

Diagnosis of abnormal faults is essential for producing high quality products. The role of real-time diagnosis is quite increasing in the batch processes of producing high value-added products such as semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and so forth. In this study, we evaluate the effect of variable selection and future-value estimation techniques on the performance of the diagnosis system, which is based on nonlinear classification and measurement data. The diagnostic performance can be improved by selecting only the variables that are important and have high contribution for diagnosis. Thus, the diagnostic performance of several variable selection techniques is compared and evaluated. In addition, missing data of a new batch, called future observations, should be estimated because the full data of a new batch is not available before the end of the cycle. In this work the use of different estimation techniques is analyzed. A case study on the polyvinyl chloride batch process was carried out so that optimal variable selection and estimation methods were obtained: maximum 21.9% and 13.3% improvement by variable selection and maximum 25.8% and 15.2% improvement by estimation methods.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.307-326
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• 2021

Real-time sea level observations from tide gauges include missing and erroneous values. Classification as abnormal values can be done for the latter by the quality control procedure. Although the 3𝜎 (three standard deviations) rule has been applied in general to eliminate them, it is difficult to apply it to the sea-level data where extreme values can exist due to weather events, etc., or where erroneous values can exist even within the 3𝜎 range. An artificial intelligence model set designed in this study consists of non-annotated recurrent neural networks and ensemble techniques that do not require pre-labeling of the abnormal values. The developed model can identify an erroneous value less than 20 minutes of tide gauge recording an abnormal sea level. The validated model well separates normal and abnormal values during normal times and weather events. It was also confirmed that abnormal values can be detected even in the period of years when the sea level data have not been used for training. The artificial neural network algorithm utilized in this study is not limited to the coastal sea level, and hence it can be extended to the detection model of erroneous values in various oceanic and atmospheric data.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

According to the statistics of traffic accidents over recent 5 years, traffic accidents during the night times happened more than the day times. There are various causes to occur traffic accidents and the one of the major causes is inappropriate or missing street lights that make driver's sight confused and causes the traffic accidents. In this paper, with smartphones, we designed and implemented a lane luminance measurement application which stores the information of driver's location, driving, and lane luminance into database in real time to figure out the inappropriate street light facilities and the area that does not have any street lights. This application is implemented under Native C/C++ environment using android NDK and it improves the operation speed than code written in Java or other languages. To measure the luminance of road, the input image with RGB color space is converted to image with YCbCr color space and Y value returns the luminance of road. The application detects the road lane and calculates the road lane luminance into the database sever. Also this application receives the road video image using smart phone's camera and improves the computational cost by allocating the ROI(Region of interest) of input images. The ROI of image is converted to Grayscale image and then applied the canny edge detector to extract the outline of lanes. After that, we applied hough line transform method to achieve the candidated lane group. The both sides of lane is selected by lane detection algorithm that utilizes the gradient of candidated lanes. When the both lanes of road are detected, we set up a triangle area with a height 20 pixels down from intersection of lanes and the luminance of road is estimated from this triangle area. Y value is calculated from the extracted each R, G, B value of pixels in the triangle. The average Y value of pixels is ranged between from 0 to 100 value to inform a luminance of road and each pixel values are represented with color between black and green. We store car location using smartphone's GPS sensor into the database server after analyzing the road lane video image with luminance of road about 60 meters ahead by wireless communication every 10 minutes. We expect that those collected road luminance information can warn drivers about safe driving or effectively improve the renovation plans of road luminance management.