• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2021

Background: A wide range of environmental factors, such as diseases, nutritional deficiencies, ageing, hormonal imbalances, stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may affect the structure and function of the skin that covers the entire surface of the human body. In this study, we investigated roles of red ginseng oil (RGO) in enhancing skin functions, including hair growth and skin protection, using mouse models. Methods: For hair growth experiment, shaved dorsal skins of C57BL/6 mice were topically applied with vehicle, RGO, RGO's major compounds, or minoxidil for consecutive 21 days and skin tissues were examined the hair growth promoting capacity. For skin protection experiment, SKH-1 hairless mice were topically applied with vehicle or RGO twice a day for three days prior to exposure to UVC radiation at 20 kJ/cm². Skin tissues were collected to evaluate skin protective effects of RGO. Results: Topical application of RGO to C57BL/6 mice effectively promoted hair regeneration by inducing early telogen-to-anagen transition and significantly increasing the density and bulb diameter of hair follicles. Major compounds, including linoleic acids and β-sitosterol, contributed to RGO-promoted hair growth. Treatment with RGO as well as its major components upregulated expression of hair growth-related proteins. Furthermore, in SKH-1 hairless mice, RGO had a protective effect against UVC-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inducing cytoprotective systems. Conclusion: These data suggest that RGO may be a potent agent for improving skin health and thereby preventing and/or treating hair loss and protecting skin against UV radiation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to determine the transdermal effects of ethanol extract from medicinal herbal mixture (SHJ) on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and melanogenesis in melanoma cells. Methods : Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups including vehicle (CON), SHJ extract and 5% minoxidil (MNXD, positive control)-treated group. SHJ was applied topically on the hair-shaved skin of C57BL/6 mice everyday for 15 days. The thickness and density of hair with a folliscope and morphometry of hair follicle with a H&E staining were monitored at last day. Also then, hair growth-associated gene expressions were measured by immunoblot assay. Results : The MNXD or SHJ-treated group promoted on hair growth compared to that of vehicle-treated group (CON). Hair density and thickness of MNXD or SHJ treated-group increased compared to that of vehicle application on the 15 days, respectively. Induction of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also accelerated by application of SHJ extract compared to those of CON group. But expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ decreased in SHJ treated-group compared to that of CON group. Furthermore, SHJ extract showed to increase melanin contents in a dose-dependent manner. Tyrosinase activity significantly increased in SHJ-treated group compared with CON group in dose-dependant manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that SHJ can be used as a component of cosmeceuticals for hair care via promoting growth and melanogenesis of hair.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

모발은 피부를 둘러싸고 있는 피부 부속기관이며, 외부로부터 들어오는 물리적, 화학적 자극에 대하여 보호하고, 미용 효과 등의 기능을 가지고 있다. 모발은 피부의 표피와 진피의 사이에서 발생하며, 모발성장주기를 가지고 있다. 모발성장주기는 모발이 성장하는 시기(anagen)와 성장을 끝내는 시기(catagen), 성장을 멈추고 휴식하는 시기(telogen)로 구분할 수 있다. 모발성장기 중, 성장기의 모낭 부위에는 많은 성장인자들이 분포하고 있다는 것이 이미 보고된 바 있다. 뇌하수체에서 분비되는 인간 성장 호르몬은 신진대사를 수행하는 신호를 전달하며, 기관의 성장을 촉진하는 역할을 수행한다. 성장호르몬은 혈류를 따라 온몸으로 이동되며, 여러 가지의 성장인자들을 활성하거나 억제하는 조절 작용을 한다는 연구결과가 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간성장호르몬을 유전자재조합기술을 이용하여 관찰이 용이하도록 6개의 히스티딘 아미노산을 첨가하였으며, 나노크기의 리포좀으로 캡슐화한 LhGH를 (주)리제론으로 부터 받아 사용하여 마우스(C57BL6/CrN)에서 LhGH에 의한 모발의 성장 관계를 알아보았다. 8주령의 마우스 3마리씩 증류수, Liposome, Minoxidil, His hGH, LhGH를 실험의 목적에 따라 20일, 6주 동안 도포하였고, 피부 속의 침투 경로는 형광면역반응법을 이용하여 형광현미경으로 관찰하였다. 또한, 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 모발 수의 변화를 비교하여 보았다. 마우스 피부에 도포한 LhGH는 피부표피의 모공과 모발을 따라 피부 안으로 이동되는 것이 광학현미경으로 관찰되었다. 또한 LhGH는 성별에 관계없이 모발 수를 증가시켰으며, 피부 밖으로 도출된 모발 수를 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 자연적으로 탈모된 마우스에서도 발모를 증진시켰으며, 발모 후 3주 동안 새로운 탈모현상을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과로 LhGH는 마우스(C57BL/6CrN)에서 모발의 수를 증가시키며, 탈모된 피부에서 모발의 재성장을 촉진시키는 효과가 있다고 생각한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2007

Biotae Orientalis has been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Oriental Medicine. This experiment examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the acetone and MeOH extracts of dried or fresh Biotae Orientalis, on hair growing activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. First, We examined on hair growth activity of extracts of Biotae Orientalis compare to control and 1% minoxidil groups. Second, We investigated on the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of the Biotae Orientalis to skin for 16 day. Third, We investigated immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), protein kinase C-${\alpha}$(PKC-${\alpha}$) and stem(mast) cell factor(SCF) in skin of C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. I fourth investigated changes of subpopulation of splenocytes and thymocytes in C57BL/6N mice for 16day using laser flow cytometry. The results were as follows : Hair growing effect of acetone and MeOH extracts of dried and fresh Biotae Orientalis was observed in 70%, 90% and 60% in hair removed skin area in 16 day respectively. Immunoreactive density of VEGF and PKC-${\alpha}$ in skin of experimental groups was weakly stained compare to control group in 10 day. Immunoreactive density of stem cell factor in skin of experimental group was heavily stained compare to control group in 10 day. Splenic TH/TC Iymphocytes of lived MeOH extracts group significantly increased compare to control group. TH cells in thymic T lymphocytes were increased compare to control group. These experiment suggest that acetone and MeOH extracts of Biotae Orientalis may be used for topical treatment of alopecia areata.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Bonogen shampoo is composed of several plant extracts which are known to be used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Bonogen shampoo on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. There were eight male and female experimental groups including distilled water(DW: negative control), a commercial shampoo[M], 3% minoxidil (MXD) and Bonogen shampoo(BNG). Dorsal skin hair of six-week-old mice was trimmed with an electric clipper carefully not to damage the skin. The next day, mice without skin scratch were selected, randomized and separated in 10 mice per group. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15 ml per mouse or dorsal skin for 21 days daily and then washed thoroughly with DW. The hair regrowth was determined photographically at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, and 21 days and histologically at day 21. No clinical signs were observed in all mice. Although body weight was slightly increased in 3% MXD group than other groups, it was not significant. Hair regrowth began to be promoted after 14 days and appeared a distinct regrowth pattern in all animals by topical treatment of test compounds at 18 days. In particular, the topical treatment of bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD for 21 days to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than DW or M shampoo. At 21 days, the hair regrowth promotion speed was in order of 3% MXD>BNG>M>DW. The bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD also promoted hair follicle elongation compared to the negative control. These results suggest that bonogen shampoo has hair growth promoting activities and may be useful for treatment of bald or alopecia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hair growth effects of a natural herbal ethanol extract, Samhwang-Sasimtang(SS). In case of antioxidant ability of SS, the content of phenolic compounds was 28.44mg/g. The extract showed strong electron donating ability and free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. SOD-like activity also rose through increasing the concentrations of SS. In order to estimate the hair growth effects, the extract was applied to the back of seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice ($150{\mu}{\ell}$ a day, five days a week, for four weeks) in four groups (C, control, saline; PC, positive control, 3% minoxidil; E1, experimental 1, 1% SS; E2, experimental 2, 2% SS). Ten mice were assigned to each group and five mice in each group were sacrificed at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. There was no a significant difference in body weight change among experimental groups. In macroscopic observation of hair growth at week 4, the scores of hair growth on the backs of mice were 80, 60, 40 and 20% in the PC, E2, E1 and C groups. In terms of histological observation, the ratio and thickness of hair follicles, the enzyme activities of ALP and ${\gamma}$-GT, immunohistological examination of IGF-1 and VEGF which are the hair growth factors, in each group were significantly high in this order: PC, E2, E1 and C group, at week 4. Meanwhile, hair growth inhibition factors, TGF-${\beta}1$ and Caspase-3, were reduced in PC, E1 and E2 groups compared with C group. These results indicate that SS extract may be effective in promoting hair growth, and suggest that it can be used practically as a superior natural agent for hair growth promotion.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1389-1395
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• 2009

천연물 신약으로 응용 가능성이 있는 목초액을 산화응집반응과 활성탄 등을 첨가하여 증류하는 방법으로 제조하였으며, 장기보존과 가속 저장 조건에서 목초액의 이화학적 변화(pH, 비중, 굴절률 및 용해 타르), 유해물질(카르보닐기, 벤조피렌 및 잔류용매) 그리고 유기산(개미산, 초산 및 프로피온산)의 변화를 검토하여 안정성을 평가하였다. 또한, 발모 모델로서 C57BL/6 마우스를 이용하여 모발 성장 효과를 살펴보았다. 보관 기간 중에 어떤 화학 결합이 일어나거나 또는 분해반응이 반복적으로 일어나지 않았다. 또한, 유해성분이나 주성분이 일정하게 유지되었고 특히 발암물질인 벤조피렌은 검출되지 않았다. 정제된 목초액 또는 미녹시딜을 2주 동안 등에 도포한 후, 어떤 임상 증상 없이 음성 대조군인 생리식염수보다 모발 성장을 촉진하였다. 따라서 화장품이나 천연물 신약으로 응용가능성이 높은 목초액을 함유한 제품 개발 시 일정한 양으로 유지되는 주성분을 함유하면서 페놀과 같은 유해물질을 줄일 수 있는 방법이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 모발 성장 촉진 효과가 있어 탈모환자에도 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대되어진다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Purpose: It is generally believed that alopecia is caused by various factors such as scars, stress, genetical factors, androgens, etc. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common cause of alopecia and found mainly in males. Propecia (Merck & Co., USA) and Minoxidil (McNEIL-PPC, Inc, USA) were the drugs approved from FDA for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Surgical treatments such as flap, tissue expansion, scalp reduction and hair transplantation can be considered if necessary. Hair micrograft techniques were developed for natural hair shapes and minimal adverse effect. There were attempts to measure the length of the forehead of the Korean young adults. However attempts to classify the shape and location of forehead hairline were rare. This study attempted to find out standard hairlines of young adults in their 20s & 30s and the result would be the guideline of the hairline in hair replacement surgery of male patients in their 40s & 50s. Methods: 200 male adults in 20s and 30s were photographed and measured the length of 11 vertical index lines to determine hairline. The indexes are the distances from hairline to intercanthal midpoint (A), to medial canthus (B), to upper eyelid fissure (C), to lower eyelid fissure (D), to lateral canthus (E) and distance from lateral highest point to medial lowest point, if the hairline is M-shape (F). Additionally, we classified the hairlines into 4 groups, M, horizontal, inverted U and irregular shapes. Results: The most common hairline of male adults in their 20s is inverted U-shape (53.3%), followed by horizontal-shape, M-shape, irregular-shape. In their 30s, inverted U-shape (59%) is followed by irregular-shape, M-shape, horizontal-shape. The M-shape is more frequently found in males in 30s than those in 20s. The mean values of the indexes in their 20s are as follows: A (76.14 mm), B (Rt: 75.78 mm, Lt:76.41 mm), C (Rt: 69.43 mm, Lt: 69.92 mm), D (Rt: 76.92 mm, Lt:77.46 mm), E (Rt: 64.16 mm, Lt: 64.73 mm), F (4.09 mm). Those in their 30s are as follows: A (76.13 mm), B (Rt: 76.114 mm, Lt: 76.02 mm), C (Rt: 69.87 mm, Lt: 70.37 mm), D (Rt: 77.37 mm, Lt: 77.58 mm), E (Rt: 69.63 mm, Lt: 69.85 mm), F (6.14 mm). Conclusion: The knowledge about human body measurement is indispensable to plastic surgeons. In this study, inverted U shape is the most common type of hairline in 30s, and similar distribution is found in 20s. The percentage of M shape in their 30s is elevated more than 10% compared to that in their 20s. The study of hairline shapes and 11 indexes of hairlines can be useful for planning of the hair transplantation and postoperative evaluation. This study being based on photogrammetry, there may be differences between actual distance of curved face and projected distance on flat photographs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2007

Drynariae Rhizoma has been used for promotes mending of the sinews and bone, tonifies the kidney for such symptoms as weak low back and knees, and stimulates the growth of hair as a tinctute for alopecia in oriental medicine. This experiment examined the effect of an acetone extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas(GSB-1), its EtoAc fraction(GB-2) and n-buOH fraction(GSB-3), on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6L mice after topical application to skin. First, We examined on hair growth activity of extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas compare to control and 1 % minoxidil groups. Second, We investigated on the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of the Drynariae Rhizomas to skin for 16 day. Third, We investigated immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), protein kinase C-${\alpha}$(PKC-${\alpha}$) and stem(mast) cell factor(SCF) in skin of C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows : Hair growth effect of acetone extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas, its EtoAc fraction and n-BuOH fraction was observed in 98 %, 96 % and 60 % in hair removed skin area in 16 day respectively, Immunoreactive density of VEGF in skin of GSB-1 group was weakly stained compare to control group in 10 day, But GSB-2 and GSB-3 groups were mildy stained in bulge and root sheath of skin. Immunolocalization of SCF antigens was observed weakly stained density in epidermis, bulge, stem cells and dermal papilla of control gruop. but in experimental group, immunoreactivity of SCF antigens was observed mildly stained density in bulge, epidermis and root sheath of GSB-1 gruop, heavily stained density in epidermis, bulge and root sheath of GSB-2 and GSB-3 groups to the hair removal skin of C57BL/6N mice on day 10. These experiment suggest that acetone extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas and its EtoAc fraction may be used for topical treatment of alopecia areata.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 검은콩의 육모 촉진 효과를 평가하기 위하여 검은콩 추출물을 이용하여 모유두 세포의 성장 촉진과 모세혈관 확장에 미치는 효과를 평가하였으며, C57BL/6 마우스 모델을 이용하여 검은콩 추출물의 경구 섭취가 모발 성장에 미치는 효과를 2% minoxidil과 비교하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 검은콩 추출물이 모유두 세포의 증식을 촉진하고 모세혈관을 확장 시키는 효과가 있으며, 우수한 성장기 모낭 유도 촉진 효과를 통해 모발의 성장을 촉진하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 혈액의 항산화능을 증가시키고 혈중 중성 지질을 감소하는 효과를 가져 혈액을 맑게 하고 혈액 순환에 도움을 주어 육모 및 모발 건강 증진에 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 검은콩 추출물의 우수한 육모 효과를 확신하기 위해서는 사람을 대상으로 6개월 이상의 인체 효능 평가와 검은콩 추출물 내의 유효 성분을 규명하는 연구가 후속으로 진행되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 본 연구는 민간에서 널리 알려진 검은콩의 육모 촉진 효과를 체계적으로 평가하였다는 것에 큰 의의가 있으며, 이를 통하여 검은콩 추출물이 혈액 순환 개선 및 모발 성장 주기 조절을 통해 모발 건강 개선 및 육모 촉진제로써 이용될 수 있다고 기대할 수 있다.