• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 다른 음역대의 목소리로 노래한 음악(고음역대, 저음역대)과 불려진 음악이 조성적으로 다른 경우(장조/단조) 감상자가 경험하는 정서적 반응에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 음악은 첫째 옥타브 차이를 두고 높은 음역대와 낮은 음역대의 가창 영역과 둘째, 조성적 변인을 통제하기 위해 장조와 단조를 사용한 총 네 가지 음원을 사용하였다. 총 188명의 여성 대학생들이 온라인 설문으로 참여하였으며 시각아날로그척도(Visual Analogue Scale)을 사용하여 지각한 정서가와 각성 수준을 기록하였다. 수집된 자료는 two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 두 음역대 간의 유의미한 정서 반응 차이를 보여주었으며 정서가(valence)보다는 각성 수준(arousal level)에 더 많은 차이를 보여주었다. 둘째, 조성 또한 정서가와 각성 수준에 영향을 미쳤으나 두 정서 변인 중에서는 정서가에 더욱 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 교호작용을 분석한 결과 음역대와 조성의 상호작용이 정서가에게는 큰 영향을 미치지만 각성에는 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 보여주었다. 더 나아가 감상자들이 단조 음악의 높은 음역대 조건에서 가장 부정적인 정서가를 보여주였고 단조 음악의 낮은 음역대 조건에서는 가장 낮은 각성 반응을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 음악 감상시 그 음악의 음역대와 조성을 고려해서 선곡해야 함을 암시한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.417-431
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• 1997

Characteristics of sedimentary rocks and enrichment of toxic elements in shale and coal from the Chungnam coal field were investigated based upon geochemistry of major, trace and rare earth elements. Shale and coal of the area are interbedded along the Traissic to the Jurassic Daedong Supergroup, which can be subdivided into grey shale, black shale and coal. The coal had been mined, however all the mines are abandonded due to the economic problems. The shale and coal are characterized by relatively low contents of $SiO_2$, and $Al_2O_3$ and high levels of loss-on-ignition (LOI), CaO and $Na_2O$ in comparison with the North American Shale Composite (NASC). Light rare earth elements (La, Ce, Yb and Lu) are highly enriched with the coal. Ratios of $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ and $K_2O/Na_2O$ in shale and coal range from 30.0 to 351.8 and from 4.2 to 106.8, which have partly negative correlations against $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ (1.24 to 6.06), respectively. Those are suggested that controls of mineral compositions in shale and coal can be due to substitution and migration of those elements by diagenesis and metamorphism. Shale and coal of the area may be deposited in terrestrial basin deduced from high C/S (39 to 895) and variable composition of organic carbon (0.39 to 18.40 wt.%) and low contents of reduced sulfur (0.01 to 0.05 wt.%). These shale and coal were originated from the high grade metamorphic and/or igneous rocks, and the rare earth elements of those rocks are slightly influenced with diagenesis and metamorphism on the basis of $Al_2O_3$ versus La, La against Ce, Zr versus Yb, the ratios of La/Ce (0.38 to 0.85) and Th/U (3.6 to 14.6). Characteristics of trace and rare earth elements as Co/Th (0.07 to 0.86), La/Sc (0.31 to 11.05), Se/Th (0.28 to 1.06), V/Ni (1.14 to 3.97), Cr/V (1.4 to 28.3), Ni/Co (2.12 to 8.00) and Zr/Hf (22.6~45.1) in the shale and coal argue for inefficient mixing of the simple source lithologies during sedimentation. These rocks also show much variation in $La_N/Yb_N$ (1.36 to 21.68), Th/Yb (3.5 to 20.0) and La/Th (0.31 to 7.89), and their origin is explained by derivation from a mixture of mainly acidic igneous and metamorphic rocks. Average concentrations in the shale and coal are As=7.2 and 7.5, Ba=913 and 974, Cr=500 and 145, Cu=20 and 26, Ni=38 and 35, Pb=30 and 36, and Zn=77 and 92 ppm, respectively, which are similar to those in the NASC. Average enrichment indices for major elements in the shale (0.79) and coal (0.77) are lower than those in the NASC. In addition, average enrichment index for rare earth elements in coal (2.39) is enriched rather than the shale (1.55). On the basis of the NASC, concentrations of minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the shale and coal were depleted of all the elements examined, excepting Cr, Pb, Rb and Th. Average enrichment indices of trace and/or potentially toxic elements (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, U and Zn) are 1.23 to 1.24 for shale and 1.06 to 1.22 for coal, respectively.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Korea Protestant slower growth and social church's changes in the environment of the traditional worship center for the sermon to a variety of changes was required, because of this period reflects the availability of a new type of worship was to appear. These changes in the type of worship in the form of the worship space, and space configuration is affecting many more. This study was the type of church korea today, the type is classified as a traditional worship and contemporary worship, and to characterize the category by a change in the type of church worship space in the configuration that affects cases throughout the analysis was to investigate, study follows. Traditional worship the center of the altar, the altar placed platform form, a vertical elevation of the platform sheet form, the installation of the cross, place the side of the choir seats, church chair type attribute appears tradition and in part compressed pulpit appears symbolism. Contemporary worship to the exclusion of the symbolic elements of the platform open, flat sheet form and the platform was the preferred form of minor elevations of the flat, multi-purpose space used for worship to sermon platform placed around the altar of the adjustable type, the choir seats placed in scheelite, preferred form of scheelite was an individual chair. However, the characteristics of traditional and contemporary worship space features a mix of worship space, quite a lot of cases that have been found. Integrated and consistent element of the worship space, the worship of the discrepancy in the form of systematic theological depth analysis did not come true without lust about contemporary culture is changing rapidly to accommodate sprawl is judged. Therefore, the characteristics of the type of worship and prayer to understand the changes in the church building is a prerequisite to be a very important aspect.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2009

Objective : This study was carried to identify the anatomical component of BMM (Foot Taeyang Meridian Muscle in the human truncus), and further to help the accurate application to real acupunctuation. Methods: The human truncus was stripped off in order to demonstrate muscles, nerves and other components, and to display the internal structure of the BMM, dividing into outer, middle, and inner parts. Results: The BMM in the human truncus is composed of muscles, nerves, ligaments etc. The internal composition of the BMM in the human truncus is as follows: 1. Muscle A. Outer layer: medial palpebral ligament, orbicularis oculi, frontalis, galea aponeurotica, occipitalis, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus. B. Middle layer: frontalis, semispinalis capitis, rhomboideus minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, rhomboideus major, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, levator ani. C. Inner layer: medial rectus, superior oblique, rectus capitis, spinalis, rotatores thoracis, longissimus, longissimus muscle tendon, longissimus muscle tendon, multifidus, rotatores lumbaris, lateral intertransversi, iliolumbaris, posterior sacroiliac ligament, iliocostalis, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament. 2. Nerve A. Outer layer: infratrochlear nerve, supraorbital n., supratrochlear n., temporal branch of facial n., auriculotemporal n., branch of greater occipital n., 3rd occipital n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th thoracic n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th lumbar n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th sacral n. B. Middle layer: accessory nerve, anicoccygeal n. C. Inner layer: branch of ophthalmic nerve, trochlear n., greater occipital n., coccygeal n., Conclusions : This study shows that BMM is composed of the muscle and the related nerves and there are some differences from already established studies from the viewpoint of constituent elements of BMM at the truncus, and also in aspect of substantial assay method. In human anatomy, there are some conceptional differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles of BMM and those which pass near by BMM).

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 해중터널와 수중운항체의 충돌거동을 파악하기 위하여 두 구조체를 모델링하고 해석을 수행하였다. 충돌이 일어나는 해중터널은 원통형으로 단면을 가정하고 콘크리트와 라이닝강판을 가진 구조로 가정하였다. 충돌부위를 제외한 인접부분은 탄성거동을 하는 보요소로 모델링하고 계류라인은 장력을 받는 케이블로 모델링하였다. 수중운항체는 1800톤급 잠수함을 가정하였으며 수리동역학적 부가질량을 고려하여 충돌질량을 산정하였다. 해중터널에 작용하는 부력은 동적완화방법을 사용하여 초기조건에 포함시켰다. 부력비의 변화와 충돌속도의 변화를 고려하여 충돌해석을 수행한 결과, 충돌에너지의 소산은 주로 해중터널에서 발생하고 수중운항체에 의한 에너지 소산은 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 계류라인의 장력과 부력비의 변화에 따라 해중터널의 충돌거동은 큰 영향을 받았다. 특히 충돌력은 기존의 설계기준의 선박충돌력과는 상이한 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.147-163
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• 2000

The mineralogy and chemical composition of reddish to brownish yellow residual soils, so called "Hwangto" have been examined according to representative host rocks. The result of the study indicates that Hwangto consists of 40-80% clay minerals and various minerals such as quartz, feldspar, hornblende, goethite, and gibbsite. Clay minerals include kaolinite, halloysite, illite, hydroxy interlayered vermiculite (HIV), mica/vermiculite interstratifield mineral and chlorite. The mineralogical constituents and contents of Hwangto were different depending on the types of host rocks. Moreover, the Jurassic granitic rocks contain relatively more kaolin minerals, whereas the Cretaceous granitic rocks contain more HIV and illite. In addition, reddish Hwangto contains relatively more kaolinite and HIV, and yellowish Hwangto contains more illite and halloysite. It is suggested that feldspars and micas of host rocks were chemically weathered into illite, halloysite, illite/vermiculite interstratified minerals, and HIV, and finally into kaolinite. Compared with their host rocks, the major chemical compositions of Hwangto tend to contain more $Al_2O_3,\;Fe_2O_3,\;H_2O$ in amount and less Ca, Mg, and Na. Hwangto contains relatively high amount of trace elements, P, S, Zr, Sr, Ba, Rb, and Ce including considerable amount of Li, V, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Nb, La, Nd, Pb, Th in excess of 10 ppm. Relatively high amount of most trace elements were detected in the Hwangto. The major and minor chemical compositions of the Hwangto were different depending on the types of host rocks. However, their difference was in the similar range compared with the compositions of host rocks.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1974

This paper deals with grain size analysis, heavy mineral analysis and trace element analysis of the recent sediments of Han River basin between Cheongpyong, Gyeonggi province and Seoul. For each location the samples are taken at river shoreline, river berm and river dune. The size analysis discloses that the mean values range from $-1.37{\phi}$ to $-1.60{\phi}$, sorting values range from 0.25 to 1.84, skewness values range from -0.44 to 0.51 and kurtosis values range from -0.1 to 1.75. Based on the textural parameters, the dune sand can be distinguished from the shoreline-berm sand. The content of heavy minerals of each sample ranges from 0.04 to 4.7%. The principal heavy minerals are ilmenite, magnetite, leucoxene, garnet, amphibole, pyroxene, kyanite, zircon, monazite, tourmaline, epidote, limonite, and minor minerals are apatite, sillimanite, andalusite and olivine. In general, dune sand samples contain more heavy minerals than the samples of shoreline or berm sand. This suggests that the heavy mineral concentration is affected by wind action more than by any other causes. The content of ilmenite and leucoxene decreases, whereas the content of zircon and epidote increases as it approaches the downstream region. The differences result from the variance of geological occurrences. The emission spectrochemical analysis and colorimetry analysis revealed that the content of Ni and V in the heavy minerals of the study area are higher than those of other stream sediments in Korea. On the other hand the content of Cu, Ph, Zn, Mo, W, P, Mn, Cr, Ag and Sn are lower in the study area. It has been observed also that the contents of all the elements except for Bi are higher in this area than the samples of marine sediments of Yellow Sea.

• 복식
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.98-111
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to examine the commonness and differences of Korean, Chinese and Japanese costume colors of modern and present ages. The result of this study showed that modern China and Japan had quick influx speed of Western culture. Dissimilarly, modern Korea kept conception of colors from Chosun periods that show the high frequency of 'Five Elements Colors' and neutral colors in Red, Yellow and Purple Blue. Today, the costumes of China, Korea and Japan use similar tones of color but each country approached in different selections of achromatic colors; Korean prefers color in Yellow Red, Purple, and Chinese in Green Yellow, Green and Japanese in Purple Blue. Light greyish and pale toned Yellow Red and grayish tone have increased in modern Chinese and Japanese costumes. Also both countries have corresponding assumptions in using color of Red in strong tone. The analysis of color and tone distribution showed that, Japanese costume colors in modern and present times have correlative number of use as in Western culture. Traditionally, Japan has least notion of using 'Five Elements Colors' which only gives minor changes by convergence of Western color culture. In other side, China had developed in color rather than tone compares to Korea and Japan by using many of the Red color of strong, vivid and deep tones which made red distinguishing color of China. Japan continues to use of low chroma colors and became a characteristic in modern and present day, also they use an abundance of color in Yellow Red, purple Blue. Korea has a higher frequency showing in light, bright tones of color distinctively compares to China and Japan.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2010

국내 최초로 5세기 대 옹관을 생산하는 가마가 나주시 오량동유적에서 발견되었다. 이 가마는 영산강 중류에 입지하고 있으며 고대사회 장묘연구에 있어서 생산과 유통구조 그리고 소비체계를 연구할 수 있는 귀중한 자료이다. 따라서 이 가마에서 생산되는 옹관이 어디로 소비되었는지를 밝히기 위하여 인근 영산강유역을 중심으로 하는 대표적인 옹관 고분유적 5기와 4세기 대 만동유적에서 발굴된 옹관유물을 대상으로 하였다. 중성자 방사화분석법을 이용하여 각 유물들의 미량성분을 분석하고 그 결과를 판별분석을 이용한 통계분석으로 산지의 동일성을 추정하였다. 나주 오량동 가마에서 생산된 옹관은 교역과 유통을 통하여 나주 반남고분, 영암 옥야리고분, 그리고 함평 반암고분에서 사용되었을 가능성이 크다. 또한 고창 만동유적과 무안 인평고분의 옹관은 나주 오량동 가마에서 생산된 것이 아니라 다른 산지의 옹관 가마로부터 교역과 유통을 통해 유입되었다고 사료된다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2004

원자력 발전소에서 발생하는 고체 방사성 폐기물인 이온교환수지, 제올라이트, 활성탄 및 슬러지 에 포함된 성분 원소 분석을 위한 산분해 조건을 확립하였다. 방사성 폐기물의 분해 에는 흔합산을 이용한 밀폐형 극초단파 산분해법을 사용하였으며, 제안한 방법에 따른 산분해 후의 용액은 맑고 색이 없는 투명한 상태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 산분해 과정을 거친 각각의 용액 시료는 ICP-AES와 AAS를 사용하여 분석하였고, 모의 방사성 폐기물에 첨가한 5종의 금속 원소들은 $94{\%}$ 이상의 높은 회수율을 보여주었다. 화학적 특성을 고려하여 제안된 산분해 조건에 의해 용액화된 중${\cdot}$저준위 방사성 폐기물의 성분 원소 분석은 최적의 유리화 기술 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.