• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to demonstrate the relationship between oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea and minor mullerian anomalies. Hysterosalpingograms were taken in total 139 patients including 62 infertile patients with normal menstrual intrerval, 47 infertile patients with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and 30 tubal reanastomosis candidates with normal menstrual interval. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In unselected infertile patients, the occurrence rate of minor mullerian anomalies was 38%. 2. The occurrence rate of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea in infertile patients with minor mullerian anomaly was significantly higher than that of infertile patients with normal uterus and the reverse was the ( ) result. 3. There was no significant difference in the occurrence rate of minor mullerian anomalies between infertile patients and tubal reanastomosis candidates with normal menstrual interval. 4. There was no immediate relationship between the degree of fundal anomaly and the duration of the menstrual intervals and/or the duration of the oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2008

선천성 기형은 출생 신생아에서 2-5% 정도의 빈도를 보이며 영아기 사망의 주요한 원인이 되고 있다. 상당수의 선천성 기형의 예후는 정확하고 빠른 진단에 따른 적절한 처치 및 치료에 의해 결정된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 임상적으로는 선천성 기형에 대한 기전 파악 및 정확한 분류에 따른 정확한 진단이 중요하다. 우선 해당 기형이 소기형(minor anomaly) 또는 대기형(major anomaly) 중 어디에 속하는지, 또는 기형(malformation), 변형(deformation), 파형(disruption) 및 이형(dysplasia) 중 어느 것에 속하는지 결정하고 다발성 기형 등은 특정 증후군과 연관이 있는지 여부에 대한 판단을 필요로 한다. 진단이 된 후, 선천성 기형을 위한 유전상담은 환자나 가족이 기형 혹은 증후군에 대하여 또는 재발률에 대하여 이해할 수 있도록 돕는 과정을 포함한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2022

Various monitoring systems have been implemented in civil infrastructure to ensure structural safety and integrity. In long-term monitoring, these systems generate a large amount of data, where anomalies are not unusual and can pose unique challenges for structural health monitoring applications, such as system identification and damage detection. Therefore, developing efficient techniques is quite essential to recognize the anomalies in monitoring data. In this study, several machine learning techniques are explored and implemented to detect and classify various types of data anomalies. A field dataset, which consists of one month long acceleration data obtained from a long-span cable-stayed bridge in China, is employed to examine the machine learning techniques for automated data anomaly detection. These techniques include the statistic-based pattern recognition network, spectrogram-based convolutional neural network, image-based time history convolutional neural network, image-based time-frequency hybrid convolution neural network (GoogLeNet), and proposed ensemble neural network model. The ensemble model deliberately combines different machine learning models to enhance anomaly classification performance. The results show that all these techniques can successfully detect and classify six types of data anomalies (i.e., missing, minor, outlier, square, trend, drift). Moreover, both image-based time history convolutional neural network and GoogLeNet are further investigated for the capability of autonomous online anomaly classification and found to effectively classify anomalies with decent performance. As seen in comparison with accuracy, the proposed ensemble neural network model outperforms the other three machine learning techniques. This study also evaluates the proposed ensemble neural network model to a blind test dataset. As found in the results, this ensemble model is effective for data anomaly detection and applicable for the signal characteristics changing over time.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

The deployment of advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) systems in large-scale civil structures collects large amounts of data. Note that these data may contain multiple types of anomalies (e.g., missing, minor, outlier, etc.) caused by harsh environment, sensor faults, transfer omission and other factors. These anomalies seriously affect the evaluation of structural performance. Therefore, the effective analysis and mining of SHM data is an extremely important task. Inspired by the deep learning paradigm, this study develops a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based data anomaly detection approach for SHM. The framework of the proposed approach includes three modules : (a) A three-channel input is established based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Gramian angular field (GAF) method; (b) A GANomaly is introduced and trained to extract features from normal samples alone for class-imbalanced problems; (c) Based on the output of GANomaly, a CNN is employed to distinguish the types of anomalies. In addition, a dataset-oriented method (i.e., multistage sampling) is adopted to obtain the optimal sampling ratios between all different samples. The proposed approach is tested with acceleration data from an SHM system of a long-span bridge. The results show that the proposed approach has a higher accuracy in detecting the multi-pattern anomalies of SHM data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 1990

Pectus excavatum, commonest developmental anomaly of chest wall, is manifested by depression of the sternum and lower costal cartilages that is of surgical interest. From 1982 through 1990, fifteen patients have undergone surgery for treatment of pectus excavatum and treated by Ravitch operation: 5, Modified Ravitch operation; 4, Wada operation, 1 and Modified Wada operation, 5. There was familial history of pectus excavatum in 3 patients. Associated congenital anomaly were seen in 6 patients; scoliosis in 3 patients, right inguinal hernia in 1, polydactyly in 1 and patent ductus arteriosus in 1 patent. Postoperative minor complications were developed in 3 cases; pneumothorax, 2 cases; pleural effusion, 2 cases; wound infection and dehiscence, 1 cases; pressure sore due to strut malposition, 2 cases; flail chest and 2 cases; seroma. The incidence of the postoperative complications were more common in cases who were treated by metal strut, pin or other prosthetic materials for supporting the chest wall integrity than the standard corrective procedure. All cases have no recurrence of chest wall depression and operative death.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.443-446
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• 2006

Intracranial arachnoid cyst is presumed to be a developmental anomaly and its natural history is not well defined. Often it is detected incidentally in a asymptomatic patient and hemorrhagic events of arachnoid cyst following head injury are rarely reported. We report hemorrhagic complications including two intracystic hemorrhages, two subdural hematomas, and an epidural hematoma in 5 patients with intracranial arachnoid cyst after minor head injury and review pertinent literatures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.178-181
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• 2011

Congenital anomalies in arches of the atlas are rare, and are usually discovered incidentally. However, a very rare subgroup of patients with unique radiographic features is predisposed to transient quadriparesis after minor cervical or head trauma, A 46-year-old male presented with a 2-month history of tremor and hyperesthesia of the lower extremities after experiencing a minor head trauma. He said that he had been quadriplegic for about 2 weeks after that trauma. Radiographs of his cervical spine revealed bilateral bony defects of the lateral aspects of the posterior arch of C1 and a midline cleft within the anterior arch of the atlas. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed an increased cord signal at the C2 level on the T2-weighted sagittal image. A posterior, suboccipital midline approach for excision of the remnant posterior tubercle was performed. The patient showed significant improvement of his motor and sensory functions. Since major neurologic deficits can be produced by a minor trauma, it is crucial to recognize this anomaly.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.197-200
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• 2008

Purpose: A congenital lacrimal sac fistula is unusual and consists of a dimple opening below the medial canthal tendon that leads to the lacrimal sac. This anlage ducts occur when the lacrimal anlage cells proliferate and canalize rather than involute. And, the anomaly is usually not associated with any systemic abnormalities. Also congenital cleft of the earlobes is rarely seen among congenital ear anomalies. Therefore, we report rare case with symptomatic bilateral lacrimal fistula with the ear cleft. Methods: A 4-year-old boy was admitted with aggravated chronic maxillary sinusitis, recurrent chronic dacryocystitis, and epiphora. He had two minor anomalies including bilateral lacrimal fistula originated in lacrimal tear sac and unilateral transverse ear cleft. The patient had been operated with fistulectomy and perioperative antibiotics. A small vertical ellipse is made around the opening with sharp dissection. The tract is excised using the probe as the guide. Another probe is placed through the lower canaliculus to prevent the damage. A suture ligature of 6-0 Maxon is placed around the deepest point of the tract, which is then excised. Additional sutures are placed in the tissues to form a tight closure to prevent reestablishment of the fistula. The skin is closed with 6-0 Black Silk. Results: The patient recovered well without any complications such as infection, epiphora, and obstruction of lacrimal sac. Conclusion: Our case illustrates bilateral lacrimal anlage ducts in a patient with unilateral congenital ear cleft. We recommend careful evaluation of lacrimal system in these patients, especially bilateral case and other congenital anomalies. Finally, we recommend excision of the ducts when epiphora, infection, or chronic skin irritation occur.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.854-857
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• 2003

목 적 : 단일 제대 동맥을 가진 건강한 신생아의 약 1/3에서 위장관 폐색 및 요로 기형을 동반할 수 있으므로 요로 기형을 발견하기 위해 초음파 검사를 관습적으로 시행하고 있지만 실제초음파 검사상 이상이 발견되는 경우는 드물다. 이에 저자는 단일 제대 동맥을 가진 건강한 신생아에서 신장 초음파 검사의 유용성을 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2002년 7월까지 출생 후 이학적 검사상 단일 제대 동맥이 있는 신생아에서 단일 제대 동맥이면서 증후군의 일부이거나 수술적 치료가 필요한 심각한 질환이 동반된 경우는 제외하고 건강한 신생아 총 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 임상적 배경과 출생 72시간 이후 신장 초음파를 실시하였고, 신장초음파상 이상이 있는 경우 지속적 추적관찰과 더불어 배뇨성 방광요도 조영술 및 technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl-triglycerine(MAG3) 신스캔 검사를 실시하여 수신증의 크기, 폐쇄의 정도 및 신기능 변화를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 총 30명의 남녀비는 1 : 1이었으며 평균 재태 연령은 $38.0{\pm}2.56$주, 평균 출생 체중은 $2,780{\pm}690g$이었다. 단일 제대동맥을 가진 건강한 신생아 30명 중 신장 초음파상 이상이 발견 된 례는 5명으로 16.7%이었고, 의미 있는 요로 기형은 1명으로 3.3%이었다. 이상이 발견된 5명 중 4명은 경도의 수신증으로 추적 검사상 자연 소실되었고, 1명은 심한 수신증으로 배뇨성 방광 요도 조영술상 역류는 없었고 MAG3 검사상 좌측 신장 기능 저하가 보여 외래 추적 관찰 중이다. 결 론 : 단일 제대 동맥을 가진 건강한 신생아에서 신장 초음파 검사상 발견된 신장 이상은 16.7%로 일반인에서 보이는 신장 이상의 빈도와 큰 차이는 없었고 1명을 제외한 4명(80.0%)에서 자연 소실되었으므로, 비용-이익 면에서 볼 때 단일 제대 동맥을 가진 건강한 신생아에서 관습적으로 신장 초음파 검사를 실시하는 것에 대해 고려해 볼 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2005

Laryngotracheoesophageal clefts are rare congenital anmalies of the upper aerodigestive tract. They range in severity from small soft tissue defects in the interarytenoid region to complete clefts of the larynx, trachea, and esophagus. Minor clefts with mild symptoms can be managed conservatively. But, major clefts requires prompt surgical managemet fur the best result. We report a case of a 1 month old male with laryngotracheoesophageal cleft. This cleft was corrected by thoracotomy and anterior laryngofissure approach.