• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2005

A method measuring angular speed and estimating angular acceleration of an automotive wind shield wiper pivot with limited resources has been proposed. Limited resources refer to the fact that processes cannot be operated in real-time with a regular notebook running a Microsoft Windows. Also, they refer to the fact that data acquisition cards have only two general purpose counters as many generic cards do. An optical incremental encoder has been employed for measuring angular motion. To measure the angular speed of the pivot, periods for the encoder's output pulses have been measured as the speed is related to the reciprocal of the period. Since only information acquired from one counter channel is the magnitude of the angular speed, sign correction is necessary. Also the information for the exact time when a pivot passes left and right dead points is also missing and the situation is inherent to the hardware setup. To find out the zero-crossing time of the angular speed, a linear interpolation technique has been employed. Lastly, to overcome the imperfection of the mechanical encoders, the angular speed has been curve fitted to a spline. Angular acceleration can be obtained by a differentiation of the angular speed.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제25권6_1호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2007

3D buildings are the most prominent feature comprising urban scene. A few of mega-cities in the globe are virtually reconstructed in photo-realistic 3D models, which becomes accessible by the public through the state-of-the-art online mapping services. A lot of research efforts have been made to develop automatic reconstruction technique of large-scale 3D building models from remotely sensed data. However, existing methods still produce irregular building polygons due to errors induced partly by uncalibrated sensor system, scene complexity and partly inappropriate sensor resolution to observed object scales. Thus, a geometric regularization technique is urgently required to rectify such irregular building polygons that are quickly captured from low sensory data. This paper aims to develop a new method for regularizing noise building outlines extracted from airborne LiDAR data, and to evaluate its performance in comparison with existing methods. These include Douglas-Peucker's polyline simplication, total least-squared adjustment, model hypothesis-verification, and rule-based rectification. Based on Minimum Description Length (MDL) principal, a new objective function, Geometric Minimum Description Length (GMDL), to regularize geometric noises is introduced to enhance the repetition of identical line directionality, regular angle transition and to minimize the number of vertices used. After generating hypothetical regularized models, a global optimum of the geometric regularity is achieved by verifying the entire solution space. A comparative evaluation of the proposed geometric regulator is conducted using both simulated and real building vectors with various levels of noise. The results show that the GMDL outperforms the selected existing algorithms at the most of noise levels.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1226-1237
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• 1993

제한된 주파수 대역폭을 이용하여 신호를 전송하기 위해서는 여러종류의 특성을 갖는 필터들이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 필터들을 효율적으로 설계하기위한 두가지 방식을 제시하였다. 특히 fractionally-spaced(FS) 구조가 사용될때 더욱 효율적으로 필터를 설계할 수 있다. FS 구조의 특성을 최소자승 오차 방식과 결합하여, 출력오차에 영향을 주지않고, 적절한 주파수 특성을 갖는 SF 필터 설계 방식을 제시하였다. 예로, noise 신호들을 적절히 이용하면, 한개의 SF 필터가, QAM 복조에 필요한 phase splitter, 수신 필터 그리고 등화기 기능까지 갖도록 설계할 수 있다. 두번째로 임의의 주파수 특성이 요구되는 필터의 설계 방식을 제시하였다. weighting factor를 이용한 최소자숭법을 iterative하게 사용하여 최적설계를 얻는다. 이를위해 weighting factor를 효율적으로 update하기 위한 새로운 알고리듬을 이용하였다. 마지막으로, 더욱 복잡한 조건을 갖는 필터를, 이 두가지 방식을 같이 이용하여, 효율적으로 설계할 수 있는것을 보였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권11B호
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• pp.1038-1049
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• 2003

트래픽 부하 측정은 네트웍 트래픽 엔지니어링의 기반이 된다. 그러나 고속 링크에서 트래픽 부하 정보를 얻기 위해 모든 패킷을 측정하는 것은, 라우터의 패킷 포워딩 성능을 저해시키므로 확장성이 결여된다. 이에 따라 샘플링 기법이 트래픽 측정의 대안으로 제시되었다. 샘플링은 라우터의 성능 저해를 최소화시킬 수 있으나 샘플링으로 예측되는 트래픽 부하는 실제 트래픽 부하와 차이를 보이게 되며, 이와 같은 오류가 제한되지 못한다면 측정값을 기반으로 하는 응용들에 부영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 샘플링 오류를 오류 허용범위 내로 제한시킬 수 있는 적응성 있는 패킷 샘플링 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 수학적 분석을 통해 얻어진 부하 예측 오류에 영향을 미치는 주요 트래픽 파라메터를 각 블록의 시작마다 예측하여 샘플링 확률을 동적으로 적응시킨다. 본 논문에서는 또한 실제 측정된 인터넷 트래픽을 이용하여 제안 기법의 확장성과 성능을 검증하였다

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2021

Present paper focuses on the modeling of size effect on the compressive strength of normal concrete with the application of Discrete Element Method (DEM). Test specimens with different size and shape were cast and uniaxial compressive strength test was performed on each sample. Five different concrete mixes were used, all belonging to a different normal strength concrete class (C20/25, C30/37, C35/45, C45/55, and C50/60). The numerical simulations were carried out by using the PFC 5 software, which applies rigid spheres and contacts between them to model the material. DEM modeling of size effect could be advantageous because the development of micro-cracks in the material can be observed and the failure mode can be visualized. The series of experiments were repeated with the model after calibration. The relationship of the parallel bond strength of the contacts and the laboratory compressive strength test was analyzed by aiming to determine a relation between the compressive strength and the bond strength of different sized models. An equation was derived based on Bazant's size effect law to estimate the parallel bond strength of differently sized specimens. The parameters of the equation were optimized based on measurement data using nonlinear least-squares method with SSE (sum of squared errors) objective function. The laboratory test results showed a good agreement with the literature data (compressive strength is decreasing with the increase of the size of the specimen regardless of the shape). The derived estimation models showed strong correlation with the measurement data. The results indicated that the size effect is stronger on concretes with lower strength class due to the higher level of inhomogeneity of the material. It was observed that size effect is more significant on cube specimens than on cylinder samples, which can be caused by the side ratios of the specimens and the size of the purely compressed zone. A limit value for the minimum size of DE model for cubes and cylinder was determined, above which the size effect on compressive strength can be neglected within the investigated size range. The relationship of model size (particle number) and computational time was analyzed and a method to decrease the computational time (number of iterations) of material genesis is proposed.