• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1281-1292
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• 2001

Experiments were done for the comparison of performance and flow characteristics between a two -stage axial flow fan and a counter-rotating axial flow fan. Each stage of the two -stage axial flow fan used fur the present study has an eight bladed rotor and thirteen slater blades. The front and the rear rotor of the counter - rotating axial flow fan have eight blades each and are driven by coaxial counter ro latins shafts through a gearbox located between the rear rotor and the electric motor. Both of the two axial fan configurations have identical rotor blades and the same operating condition fur the one -to-one comparison of the two. Performance curves of the two configurations were obtained and compared by varying the blade pitch angles and axial gaps between the blade rows. The fan characteristic curves were obtained following the Korean Standard Testing Methods for Turbo Fans and Blowers (KS B 6311). The fa n flow characteristics were measured using a five-hole probe by a non-nulling method. The velocity profiles between the hub and tip of the fans were measured and analyzed at the particular operating condition s of peak efficiency, minimum and maximum pressure coefficients. The peak efficiency of the counter-rotating axial fan was improved about 2% respectively, compared with the two stage axial fan. At the minimum pressure coefficient point of the two stage axial fan, the fan inlet flow patterns show that axial velocity highly decreased in the vicinity of the blade tip region. Also, the reverse flow took place at the blade tip.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.799-802
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• 2008

General behaviors based on hydraulic characteristics of natural streams and channels have been recently analyzed and developed via various numerical models. However in the states of natural hydraulics, an experimental research must be performed simultaneously with the mathematical analysis due to effects of hydraulic properties such as meander, sediment, and so on. In this study based on 2-D advection-dispersion equation, flow and tracer experiments were performed in the S-curved meandering laboratory channel with a rectangular cross-section. The channel was equipped with instrument carriages which was equipped with an auto-traversing system to be used with velocity measuring sensors throughout the depth and breadth of the flow field. To measure concentration distribution of the salt solution was adjusted to that of the flume water by adding methanol and a red dye (KMnO4) was added to aid the visualization of the tracer cloud, the tracer was instantaneously injected into the flow as a full-depth vertical line source by the instantaneous injector and the initial concentration of the tracer was 100,000 mg/l. The secondary current as well as the primary flow pattern was analyzed to investigate the flow distribution in the meandering channels. The velocity distribution of the primary flow for all cases skewed toward the inner bank at the first bend, and was almost symmetric at the crossovers, and then shifted toward the inner bank again at the next alternating bend. Thus, one can clearly notice that the maximum velocity occurs taking the shortest course along the channel, irrespective of the flow conditions. The result of the tracer tests shows that pollutant clouds are spreading following the maximum velocity lines in each cases with various mixing patterns like superposition, separation, and stagnation of pollutant clouds. Flow characteristics in each cases performed in this study can be compared with tracer dispersion characteristics with using evaluation of longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients(LDC, TDC). As expected, LDC and TDC in meandering parts have been evaluated with increasing distribution and straight parts have effected to evaluate minimum of LDC and TDC due to symmetric flow patterns and attenuations of secondary flow.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

계단실을 직접 가압했을 경우에 계단실과 부속실 사이의 차압 및 부속실과 세대 사이의 차압이 어떤 영향을 받는지 연구하기 위해 실건물을 사용해 실험했다. 또한 열린문에서의 유속분포도 측정하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 건물은 지상 20층 지하 2층의 공동주택이다. 계단실을 가압하기 위해서 송풍기를 지하 1층에 설치하여 외부공기를 계단실로 공급했다. 13가지 경우에 대한 실험을 실시했으면 주 실험변수들은 문이 개방된 층의 숫자와 위치 및 송풍량이었다. 지상 1층 문들만이 열린 상태에서는 계단실과 부속실 사이의 차압 및 부속실과 세대 사이의 차압이, 1층 부근을 제외하고는, 비교적 균일하게 분포되었다. 실험결과 180~270 CMM에서 한 층이 개방되어도 화재안전기준의 방연풍속을 만족하였고, 계단실은 전체적으로 양압을 유지할 수 있었으나 최소차압 조건(10 Pa)을 항상 만족시키지는 못하였다. 두 층의 문들이 개방된 경우, 유량을 증가함으로써 최소유속조건은 만족시킬 수 있었으나 가압지점 인근에서 과압이 발생하지 않는 상태에서 최소차압조건을 만족시키는 것은 비현실적임을 발견했다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1700-1716
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• 1996

The two-dimensional, unsteady, laminar conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and species transport in the gas phase and mass, momentum and energy in the liquid phase are solved simultaneously in spherical coordinates in order to study heating and vaporization of a droplet entrained in the oscillating flow. The numerical solution gives the velocity and temperature distribution in both gas and liquid phase as a function of time. When the gas flow oscillates around an vaporizing droplet, the liquid flow circulates in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction and the temperature distribution in the liquid phase changes its shapes, depending on the gas fow direction. When the gas flow changes its direction of circulating liquid flow is opposite to the gas flow, forming two vortex circulating in the opposite direction. During the heating period, the difference in the maximum and minimum temperature is large, followed by the almost uniform temperature slightly below the boiling temperature. The mass and heat transfer from the droplet depend on the droplet temperature, droplet diameter and the magnitude of relative velocity, giving the droplet lifetime different from the d$^{2}$-law.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.382-391
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• 2008

A simple analytical model of rarefied channel flow is developed to predict the compression ratio in a helical drag pump. If the surface velocity is zero, the model reduces to a capillary leaks. Predictions of our model agree well with the Knudsen's data for capillary leaks in transition flow, in addition to giving a good account of the Knudsen minimum. Also, the present results are compared with experimental data, and good agreement is obtained over the entire pressure range from molecular to slip flow.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

This paper presents the development of the FCF method for the manufacturing of final products using numbers related to the minimum amount of work. The utilized product is a drum clutch, which is part of the transmission of an automobile. A double acting press is secured first and a prediction of the forming load on the practical material is made through an experiment with a plasticine model. Also, a finite element simulation using product shape and properties is performed, as well as a press experiment. A double acting press is manufactured that is suitable for a double acting experiment with a conventional hydraulic press(200 tons). A peripheral device for the press is additionally designed for experimental purposes. And, the press has as its essential points the drive speed, stroke control, etc., all of which influence the forming and is modified. Especially, a laser system is used for velocity measurement of two punches. The forming load of a practical material is predicted in order to derive a forming load formula for cold conditions on the basis of approximate similarity theory. Finite element analysis of the relative velocity ratio(RVR), etc., for most suitable flow defect(unfilling, etc.) prevention is achieved as well. The results are verified through a press experiment.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2016

In this study, the RDII impact on sewer designing in the upstream monitoring area (A site) was considered. Based on the long-term (1/1/2011~12/31/2011) rainfall and flow data consisting of 10-min interval sampling in the nearby design area (B site), the maximum RDII/DWF ratio was selected. The sewer network system at B site was evaluated by the Manning equation. Scenario 1 considering the hourly maximum flow with respect to the flow velocity showed that none of the sewer pipes satisfied the minimum flow velocity condition (0.6 m/s), and 40 pipes did not achieve half of the velocity condition. In scenario 2 considering I/I, 1 the pipes satisfied 0.6 m/s, and 35 pipes showed 0.3 m/s. Scenario 3 reflected the effect of RDII. Velocities in 26 pipes were less than 0.3 m/s, and 4 pipes satisfied the velocity condition. With respect to the allowance rate, 17 pipes were shown to have more than 99%, and none of the pipes satisfied less than 95% of the allowance rate in scenario 1. In scenario 2, 17 Ed: Per the Table pipes showed more than 99% and one pipe showed less than 95%. In scenario 3, 16 pipes showed more than 99% of the allowance rate, and 19 pipes showed less than 95%. Based on these results, it is predicted that deposition would occur due to the slow flow velocity; however, capacity would not be a problem.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.631-637
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• 2013

기어 끝단과 하우징 사이의 간극이 회전방향으로 편심된 인벌류트펌프에서 체적유량과 유량효율을 검토하였다. 해석은 k-e 모델을 이용하여 FLUENT/R-13을 사용하여 기어의 회전속도, 간극의 거리 및 출구압력이 주어져 있을 경우 난류유동을 해석하였다. 동심축과 편심축의 경우 체적유량을 비롯한 유동특성에 대해 독립변수들의 영향은 지속되었으나 회전방향에 대한 압력 분포는 서로 달라 편심의 경우 상류부에서 대부분의 압력이 상승하고 하류부의 압력은 거의 일정한 특성을 보였으며 편심의 영향이 클수록 이러한 현상은 심하게 나타났다. 편심펌프에서 유동특성은 최소 간극에 의존하며 체적유량 혹은 체적효율은 편심되기 전 동심축보다 크나 최소간극과 같은 크기의 동심펌프보다는 작다. 펌프에서 기어축의 편심에 의한 간극 축소는 펌프성능에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 1996

A 2D-LDV system was employed to investigate the flow field characteristics in fully developed drag reducing turbulent channel flows. The additive used in this study was Habon-G which showed splendid drag reduction effect and minimum mechanical degradation trend in the closed flow circulation loop. In order to have better understanding of the drag reduction mechanism, the instantaneous velocities were carefully measured under various experimental conditions and the flow characteristics including time-averaged velocity, turbulent intensity and Reynolds shear stresses were carefully assessed. The time-averaged velocity profiles of surfactant flows showed more parabolic shape(typically shown in a laminar flow) together with significant suppression of turbulent production, yielding the shear induced micelle structure orienting in the flow direction due to its isotropic characteristics. Especially it was observed that the maximum intensity for drag reducing flows was shifted away from the wall and that the streamwise and normal turbulent intensities were strongly altered. This phenomenon strongly suggests that the viscous sublayer becomes thicker with addition of surfactant. Turbulent momentum transport was drastically suppressed across the whole drag reducing channel flow.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

수평축 조류발전 시스템에 사용되는 쉬라우드의 기하학적 형상각도별 해수의 유동장 특성을 전산유체역학을 통해 분석하였다. 쉬라우드를 포함한 전체 유동장 내 해수의 유속 분포는 일정한 조류속도조건에서 쉬라우드의 형상에 따라 크게 영향을 받으며 특히 발전성능에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 쉬라우드 내 최대유속의 위치 및 크기는 형상 별로 큰 차이가 있다. 실린더와 디퓨저부분의 길이가 같은 실린더-디퓨저 형태의 쉬라우드에서는 실린더 영역에서 비교적 높은 유속분포가 형성되었으며 노즐과 디퓨저부분의 길이가 같은 대칭구조의 노즐-디퓨저에서는 내경이 최소인 지점에서 국부적으로 나타났다. 실린더-디퓨저 쉬라우드에서 조류속도에 비해 높은 유속이 형성되었으며 중심축상의 유속은 노즐-디퓨저와는 다르게 쉬라우드 입구 근처에서 점차 증가하기 시작하여 실린더부분의 중앙 부근에서 피크값을 지나 디퓨저에서 급격히 감소한 후 다시 일정한 속도로 유지되어 가는 특성을 나타내었다. 이러한 쉬라우드의 형상과 해수유동장 변화특성에 대한 분석결과는 효율적인 조류발전시스템을 위한 쉬라우드의 최적설계에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.