• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권2호통권23호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50${\mu}$l diluted Sean-tang(100%, 10%,1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. 1. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20${\mu}$l, 30${\mu}$l, 40${\mu}$l, 50${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on S. aureus was appeared in 100% and increased on 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume. Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10%, 1% on 2 days and in100%, 10% on 6 days. In 100% Sean-tang, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was increased, in 10%, 1%, Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was increased. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased inpropotion to increase volume and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency Sean-tang on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on cultivation of S. aureus was showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권2호통권23호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50${\mu}$l diluted Jinpi-san(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20${\mu}$l, 30${\mu}$l, 40${\mu}$l, 50${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. aureus was appeared in 100% and increased on 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10%, 1% on 2 days and in 100%, 10% on 6 days. In 100% Jinpi-san, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was increased, in 10%, Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was increased, in 1%, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was disappear. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume except for 20${\mu}$l of 6days and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on cultivation of S. aureus was showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2012

Purpose: Urinary excretion of N acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG) and ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin (${\beta}_2$-M) was increased in the presence of proximal tubular damage. Based on these urinary materials, we investigated the ability of expecting renal function in chronic glomerular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) urinary NAG, and urinary ${\beta}_2$-M. Methods: We evaluated 52 children with chronic kidney disease at the Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 2003 and August 2009. We investigated the 24-hour urinalysis and hematologic values in all 52 patients. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum cystatin C, urinary ${\beta}_2$-M and urinary NAG were measured. Results: Out of 52 patients, there were 13 children with minimal change in disease, 3 children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 17 children with immunoglobulin A nephropathy, 15 children with Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpua nephritis, 3 children with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and 1 child with thin glomerular basement membrane disease. In these patients, there were significant correlation between the Ccr and urinary NAG (r=-0.817; $P$ <0.01), and between the GFR (as determined by Schwartz method) and urinary NAG (r=-0.821; $P$ <0.01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the GFR (as determined by Bokencamp method) and urinary NAG (r=-0.858; $P$ <0.01). Conclusion: In our study, there was a significant correlation between the GFR and urinary NAG, but there was no correlation between the GFR and urinary ${\beta}_2$-M, suggesting that the GFR can be predicted by urinary NAG in patients with chronic glomerular disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2015

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common chronic disease in children; in 90 percent of cases, the condition is primary (idiopathic). Toxic nephropathy can be induced by herbal medicines, and is mainly manifested as tubulointerstitial nephritis and rarely, as glomerulopathy. Here in, we describe two cases of steroid-sensitive NS, which developed after the patients received herbal medicines. A 5-year-old boy and an 8-year-old girl were separately admitted within a short time period with acute onset of generalized edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Each patient had previously taken herbal medicine, which had been prescribed by different oriental medical clinics for different conditions. The patients were diagnosed with herbal medicine-induced NS and were treated empirically by a standard steroid therapy, with subsequent resolution of their NS. One patient relapsed, but her NS again responded to steroid therapy. We described two unusual cases of prototypical pediatric, steroid-sensitive NS, which was presumed to be minimal-change disease that developed after the administration of herbal medicines. We also reviewed the literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.296-299
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• 2006

Recently the trend of surgical procedure for treatment of lumbar benign disease is a minimally invasive surgery due to small incision, minimal blood loss, and a short hospital day. By using a microscope or an endoscope, and other surgical equipment, a delicate manipulation in a narrow space became feasible, consequently, to secure a wider view with small incision, appropriate retractors are required. But the various tubular retractor systems are expensive and have some problems. We modified Thoracoport [Auto Suture Co., Norwalk, CT] by making a window at the distal end of trocar and used it as a tubular retractor in surgical procedure for treatment of lumbar benign disease. This modified tubular retractor is docked closely on the curved lamina and provides a wider view. We used it as a tubular retractor also in lumbar bilateral decompression involving a unilateral approach. But this trocar has the limited sizes [diameter and length], and also it is difficult to fix the retractor or change the direction of retractor. And then, we propose a more modified Thoracoport with various sizes and attaching the settling holders to the head of tubular retractor to be able to fix the retractor.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.323-326
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• 2007

Direct carotid-cavernous fistula [CCF] is a common post-traumatic disease. However, pseudoaneurysm formation after balloon occlusion is a rare complication. The author present such a case with review of the literature. A 26-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident as a driver. Only mild conjunctival injection and minimal exophthalmos on the right eye were noted after trauma. However, angiography revealed a direct CCF and dissection of the proximal intracranial internal carotid artery [ICA]. After first balloon occlusion of the CCF, the patient redeveloped fistula due to early deflation of the balloon. After the second balloon occlusion, pseudoaneurysm and diplopia were developed with the change of balloon position and shape. However, visual symptom spontaneously resolved and pseudoaneurysm was also decreased within 6 months after balloon occlusion.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common glomerular disorder in childhood, and a vast majority of cases are idiopathic. The precise cause of this common childhood disease is not fully elucidated despite significant advancements in our understanding of podocyte biology. Idiopathic NS has been considered "a disorder of T-cell function" mediated by a circulating factor that alters podocyte function resulting in massive proteinuria since the last four decades. Several circulatory factors released from T-cells are considered to be involved in pathophysiology of NS; however, a single presumptive factor has not been defined yet. Extended evidence obtained by advances in the pathobiology of podocytes has implicated podocytes as critical regulator of glomerular protein filtration and podocytopathy. The candidate molecules as pathological mediators of steroid-dependent NS are CD80 (also known as B7-1), hemopexin, and angiopoietin-like 4. The "two-hit" hypothesis proposes that the expression of CD80 on podocytes and ineffective inhibition of podocyte CD80 due to regulatory T-cell dysfunction or impaired autoregulation by podocytes results in NS. Recent studies suggest that not only T cells but also other immune cells and podocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2013

Objective : MR perfusion and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) are well known imaging studies to evaluate hemodynamic change between prior to and following superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis in moyamoya disease. But their side effects and invasiveness make discomfort to patients. We evaluated the ivy sign on MR fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in adult patients with moyamoya disease and compared it with result of SPECT and MR perfusion images. Methods : We enrolled twelve patients (thirteen cases) who were diagnosed with moyamoya disease and underwent STA-MCA anastomosis at our medical institution during a period ranging from September of 2010 to December of 2012. The presence of the ivy sign on MR FLAIR images was classified as Negative (0), Minimal (1), and Positive (2). Regions were classified into four territories: the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the anterior MCA, the posterior MCA and the posterior cerebral artery. Results : Ivy signs on preoperative and postoperative MR FLAIR were improved (8 and 4 in the ACA regions, 13 and 4 in the anterior MCA regions and 19 and 9 in the posterior MCA regions). Like this result, the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) on SPECT was significantly increased in the sum of CVR in same regions after STA-MCA anastomosis. Conclusion : After STA-MCA anastomosis, ivy signs were decreased in the cerebral hemisphere. As compared with conventional diagnostic modalities such as SPECT and MR perfusion images, the ivy sign on MR FLAIR is considered as a useful indicator in detecting brain hemodynamic changes between preoperatively and postoperatively in adult moyamoya patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2002

윌슨병의 치료제로 구리 흡착제인 D-penicillamine이 주로 사용되고 있으나, 심각한 부작용이 발생할 경우 투약을 중단하고 trientine 등을 대체약으로 사용할 수 있다. 저자들은 윌슨병으로 D-penicillamine 사용 도중 6개월만에 미세변화형 신증후군이 발생한 후 trientine으로 치료약을 대체 후 관해가 유도된 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2015

Objective: To find out clinical features and long-term outcomes of idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome(NS) patients with late steroid resistance(LSR)/late steroid sensitiveness(LSS). Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 480 patients diagnosed with idiopathic childhood NS at Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital from 1990 to 2013. Twenty-four patients whose responsiveness to steroids changed over a minimum 2 year follow-up period (2-17.5 years) were investigated. All patients had undergone a renal biopsy. Results: Among 480 nephrotic children, 428 (89%) were sensitive to the first steroid course. Of those who initially responded, 11 (2.5%) developed resistance to steroid therapy after relapses. LSR mostly developed between 1 month and 1 year after the initial episode. Six patients showed a minimal change and five showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Nine (82%) responded to cyclosporine or methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Of these, two had no further relapse, whereas the other seven experienced several relapses that ranged in length from 1.1 to 13.9 years. Three of the nine who initially responded to immunosuppression went on to experience several changes in steroid responsiveness. Two (18%) with resistance to immunosuppressants, including steroids, eventually progressed to end stage renal disease. Among the 52 patients (11%) who were initially steroid resistant, 13 (23%) were converted to steroid sensitive at relapses. Among these, 9 showed minimal change and 4 showed FSGS. Two had no further relapse and the other 11 responded to steroids on subsequent relapses ranging in length from 1.3 to 9.4 years. All these patients have had no further changes in steroid responsiveness with normal renal function. Conclusions: In this study, 2.5% of initial steroid responders and 25% of initial steroid non-responders changed their responsiveness to steroids at subsequent relapses. Eighteen percent of LSR patients developed end stage renal disease. All of the LSS patients showed preserved normal renal function. Responsiveness to immunosuppressants seemed to be the most important factor determining longterm outcomes in LSR/LSS patients.