• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry leaf powder supplementation on lead (Pb) status and mineral (Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn) content in Pb-administered rats for 4 weeks. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups: a control, Pb, Pb5M (500 ppm $Pb + 5\%$ mulberry leaf powder), and Pb10M (500 ppm $Pb + 10\%$ mulberry leaf powder). There were no significant differences in food intake and initial body weight among groups. Mulberry leaf powder treatments showed significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. But FER of $Pb5M\%$ and Pb10M were significantly increases than that of Pb group. The levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatinine were decreased by mulberry leaf powder treatment. Minerals content of liver and kidney were significantly decreased in the Pb groups than that of control group. Whereas, fecal minerals content were significantly increased in the Pb5M and Pb10M than those of control group. Pb content of serum, liver and kidney was significantly increased in the Pb group than those of control group. However, by mulberry leaf powder administration (Pb5M and Pb10M), Pb level of serum, liver and kidney were lowered than that of Pb group. And fecal Pb excretion was significantly increased in the Pb5M and Pb10M than that of Pb group. These results showed mulberry leaves were effective for lowing Pb accumulation in serum, organs, which may have potential to prevent Pb toxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.950-957
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate the effects of caffeine intake on Ca and P metabolism in ovariectomized rats. For this purpose, the ovariectomized female rats weighing 230.8$\pm$3.5g were divided into four groups, eight rats each ; control, low caffeine(LC), medium caffeine(MC)and high caffeine(HC) groups. They were supplied for six weeks with the caffeine of 0mg, 66.8mg, 167mg and 334mg per kilogram of diet, respectively, and the results are summarized as follows. 1) There were no significant differences in feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and body weight change among all of experimental groups. But liver weight(both total weight and weight/body weight) was significantly decreased by caffeine in MC group. 2) The weight of tibia was decreased by caffeine intake in MC and HC groups. But the length, Ca and P content of tibia and femur was not changed in all of caffeine groups. 3) Ca, PTH and calcitonin levels in serum were not affected by caffeine. While, serum P level in HC group was significantly increased as compared with the control. 4) The fecal excretion of Ca and P tended to be higher in the caffeine groups, and as the result, the absorption rate, retention and retention rate of Ca and P tended to be decreased. It was noteworthy that P retention was significantly lowered in HC group as compared with LC group. The results showed that, when caffeine was taken by ovarietomized rats, the weight of tibia was decreased and the retention rate of Ca and P tended to be lowered. Therefore, too much intake of caffeine for women whose bone mineral density of tibia is decreased after postmenopause seems to accelerate the decrease of bone mineral density due to the negative effect on metabolism of Ca and P.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.569-577
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• 1992

To study the effects of the age and the dietary protein content on Ca metabolism male rats of 1 month 6 month 12 month of age were fed experimental diets containing 5%, 15% or 50% casein for 4 weeks. Food and ca intake were higher in old rats and in high protein groups. The weight ash and Ca contents of femur and tibia were higher in old rats. The higher dietary protein level resulted in higher skeletal weigh ash and Ca contents. But high protein diet(50% casein) lead to reduced bone mineral density(ash/dry bone weight) and Ca density(Ca/dry bone weight) in 1 month old rats. Low protein diet(5% casein) on the other hand reduced the bone growth even though the bone density was higher in this group. The ill effect of low protein diet was not evident in 12 month old rats. Glomerular filteration rate(GFR) and urinary Ca excretionincreased with age and with dietary protein level especially in 12 month old rats. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone(iPTH) level tended to be higher in aged rats but was not affected by dietary protein level except 1 month old rats where 50% protein group showed significantly higher value. This study showed that the dietary protein level seemed to have different effect on Ca metabo-lism in rats of different age., The low bone density in the high protein group of growing rats may be due to the higher iPTH level and increased urinary Ca. The dietary protein level however had no effects on the bone composition in aged rats even though the higher urinary Ca excretion. In conclusion this study suggests that high protein intake from young may lead to less peak bone mass and to increase the bone loss in later years, which would increase the risk for osteporosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2023

Bisphosphonates, estrogen, and calcium supplements are commonly used medications for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but they are associated with various side effects such as vaginal bleeding, deep vein thromembolism, and breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a compound isolated from the roots of Oryza sativa L. to improve osteoporosis using an ovariectomized mouse model. We isolated and identified oryzativol A, a lignan compound, through chemical analysis of an ethanol extract using a bioassay-guided fractionation protocol. We also examined the metabolism, clearance, and CYP enzyme activity of oryzativol A, and found that it showed plasma stability of over 80% at all analysis times, and indicating a low likelihood of inactivation or excretion by the CYP3A4 enzyme. Our results showed that the high-dose group of oryzativol A exhibited a significant increase in bone mineral density compared to the control group. Although the ALP concentration did not differ significantly compared to the control group, it showed a tendency to increase in the high-dose group of oryzativol A. Furthermore, the abnormal ratio of serum Ca/P, caused by osteoporosis, was improved to a level closer to that of the normal group as the dosage of oryzativol A increased. Taken together, these findings suggest that oryzativol A is stable in vivo and has potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, particularly when administered in high doses.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2008

말차, 오룡차, 홍차 및 보이차로 제조한 음료가 Cd에 중독된 SD계 흰쥐의 해독에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 관능검사 결과 일반 물 추출물에 비하여 색상, 향, 맛에 대한 기호도가 현저하게 향상되었으며, 종합적 기호도는 오룡차 음료가 4.18점, 홍차음료가 4.14점으로 말차음료나 보이차 음료의 $3.74{\sim}3.88$점에 비하여 높았다. SD계 흰쥐를 정상군 (NC), Cd 대조군(Cd-Co), Cd투여 말차음료 15% 급여군 (Cd-Gt), Cd투여 오룡차음료 15% 급여군(Cd-Ot), Cd투여 홍차음료 15% 급여군(Cd-Bt) 및 Cd투여 보이차음료 15% 급여군 식이군(Cd-R)의 6군으로 구분하여 5주간 사육하였다. 차 음료 식이군의 체중증가량은 NC군에 미치지는 못하였으나 Cd에 의하여 감소된 현상을 상당히 개선하였다. 식이효율, 뇨량 및 분변량은 각 실험군간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Cd의 투여는 간과 신장의 중량, 경골의 중량 및 대퇴골의 길이를 감소시켰으나 차 음료의 섭취로 다소 개선되었다. 혈청 AST 및 ALT 활성은 모두 Cd 투여군에서 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 차 음료 급여군에서는 5%수준에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 대퇴골의 조회분 함량은 Cd-Co군에서 40.72%, Cd 투여-차 음료 급여군에서는 $35.31{\sim}37.02%$로 차음료의 급여에 의하여 5%수준에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 대퇴골의 조회분 함량은Cd-Co군에서 40.72%, Cd 투여-차 음료 급여군에서는 $35.3{\sim}37.02%$로 차음료의 급여에 의하여 유의적으로 감소하였다 대퇴골의 Cd함량은 NC군에서는 0.08 ppm이었으나 Cd-Co군은 123.28 ppm, 실험식이군에서는 $23.07{\sim}28.82 ppm$으로 차음료의 급여로 현저하게 감소하였으며, Ca 함량은 NC군에서 6700 ppm, Cd-Co군에서 3760 ppm, 실험식이군에서는 $4040{\sim}5420 ppm$이었다. 분변의 회분함량은 Cd-Bt군이 14.80%로 높았으나 기타 음료군은 Cd-Co군과의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 분변의 Cd 함량은 NC군 0.02 ppm, Cd-Co군 2.06ppm, 실험식이군 $4.38{\sim}5.35ppm$로 차 음료 급여군에서 높았으며, 이와 대조적으로 Ca함량은 차음료 급여군에서 낮았다. 이상의 실험결과, 말차, 오룡차, 홍차 및 보이차로 제조한 음료는 상호간의 뚜렷한 차이는 없으나 모두 섭취한 Cd를 체외로 배설시킴으로서 Cd에 의한 장기 손상을 경감시켜 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1996

In recent year, problems caused by the abuse of drugs hove been analyzed in many cases, especially women's pregnancy. The purchasing of drugs without prescription, the misunderstanding of symptoms of pregnancy(such os vomiting, headache) os other ilnnesses, taking medicine during the pregnancy because of a chronic disease has caused many unfortunate cases Apart from these cases, pregnant women may take several medicines such as anodyne, tranquilizers, hypnotics, and diuretics which also cause critical situations. According to Piper and his colleagues 1987 study, in overage, pregnant women in the United Slates intake 3.1 kinds of additional dregs other than prenatal vitamins and mineral supplements. In those cases, both pregnant women and physicians anticipate inborn deformity. Most drugs which have whole body effects get to the unborn child via the placenta, however, many of these drugs do not have adverse effects(Shepard 1986, 1989). In general, drugs present a stronger effect to unborn children than they do to pregnant women due to the baby's excretion and to the drug metabolism that occurs in the mother's body through the placenta. The effects of dregs on unborn children show different results. depending upon the type of drug, dosage, characteristics. gestational weeks, genetic characteristics of the mother an baby, and many other environmental factors.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the urinary excretion of di-ortho PCB congeners (PCB-138, -153) was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-weeks-old, n=10 rats/group) were randomly divided into one control (0CV) or 2% CV (2CV) or 5% CV (5CV) or 10% CV (10CV) groups, respectively. Composition of normal and chlorella meal-based diet were made up of 30% casein, 15% cornstarch, 50% sucrose, 5% cellulose, 5% coconut oil, 3.5% mineral mixture, 1 % vitamin mixture. All rats had free access to water and diet for 4 weeks. A significant increase in both PCB 138 and 153 in urinary level was detected in CV fed groups, 540% and 167% for 2CV, 155% and 89% for 5CV, 114% and 144% for 10CV group, respectively, when compared with their controls. These findings suggest that CV may have potential to eliminate body burden levels of dioxin-like PCB compounds.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.840-847
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• 2002

This study explored the effect of dietary levels of Na and Ca on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed a high fat/cholesterol diet containing three levels of Na (0.05, 0.1, 1.5%) and Ca (0.1, 0.5, 1.5%) for 9 weeks. Body weight gain was not influenced by dietary intake but water intake significantly increased in high Na supplementation. Systolic blood pressure was not influenced by dietary Na and Ca levels but was decreased by dietary low Na/high Ca levels at 9 weeks. Angiotensin-II level was affected by dietary Na level but not by Ca levels. Plasma Ca, Mg, K and Na levels were in the normal range regardless of dietary Na and Ca levels. Weight, and K and Na contents of the heart and kidney were not significantly different among those with different dietary Na and Ca levels. Ca and Mg contents of the heart and kidney were significantly higher in the normal Na/normal Ca group. Ca and Mg in the feces were higher in those with high Ca intake. Na in the feces was higher in those with high Na intake. Therefore, Na and Ca had different mechanisms in the hypertension/hyperlipidemia models, respectively. And we suggested that Mg must be supplemented when Ca intake was high because Mg excretion was increased by Ca supplementation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

본 연구는 톳유래의 무기성분강화염이 혈압과 무기질 대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 실험처리는 고 저 염식군(Hizikia mineral salt)과 대조군(정제염)의 세가지 처리군으로 하였고, 실험동물인 본태성 고혈압쥐(SHR/NCrj)와 정상쥐(WKY/NCrj)에 음용수의 형태로 식염을 급여하였다. SHR에서는 시험 6주째 수축기혈압(SBP)이 C군보다 고 저염식군(A, B)이 각각 17,24 mmHg 낮았고, 기준혈압(RBP)대비 시험 6주째 혈압의 상승율은 A, B, C군에서 각각 12, 4, 21%로 B군이 가장 낮았다. WKY의 경우 시험 6주째 SBP는 A군과 C군에서 각각 165, 164 mmHg인 반면, B군은 148 mmHg로 훨씬 낮았다. RBP 대비 시험 6주째 혈압의 상승율은 A, B, C군에서 각각 17, 7, 19%로 B군이 가장 낮았다. 소변과 분변 중의 미네랄은 SHR/WKY 종에서 무기 성분강화염군이 정제염군보다 $Na^+$ 함량은 유의하게 낮았지만 $K^+$함량은 무기성분강화염군이 정제염군보다 유의하게 또는 대체로 높았다. 소변과 분변 중 미네랄함량은 다소간 차이가 있었지만 대변보다 소변으로 더 많이 배설된 것으로 나타났다. 간장의 경우 SHR은 $K^+$을 제외한 $Na^+$, $Ca^{++}$ 및 $Mg^{++}$ 함량은 무기성분강화 염군보다 대조군이 통계적으로 높았다(p<0.05). WKY에서 $Na^+$ 함량은 고염식군(A)이 가장 높았고, 신장에서 SHR의 $Na^+$ 함량은 정제염군이 무기성분강화염군보다 높았지만 WKY에서는 오히려 A군과 B군이 대조군보다 높았고, $K^+$ 함량은 저염식군(B)이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 톳유래의 저염식은 $Na^+$ 함량은 낮추고 $K^+$ 함량은 높이는 등의 체내 미네랄 대사에 긍정적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 혈압상승 억제작용이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1811-1821
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• 2021

Objective: A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental levels of Mn provided by organic and inorganic trace mineral supplements on growth, tissue mineralization, mineral balance, and antioxidant status of growing broiler chicks. Methods: A total of 500 male chicks (8-d-old) were used in 10-day feeding trial, with 10 treatments and 10 replicates of 5 chicks per treatment. A 2×5 factorial design was used where supplemental Mn levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg Mn/kg diet) were provided as MnSO₄·H₂O or MnPro. When Mn was supplied as MnPro, supplements of zinc, copper, iron, and selenium were supplied as organic minerals, whereas in MnSO₄·H₂O supplemented diets, inorganic salts were used as sources of other trace minerals. Performance data were fitted to a linearbroken line regression model to estimate the optimal supplemental Mn levels. Results: Manganese supplementation improved body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with chicks fed diets not supplemented with Mn. Manganese in liver, breast muscle, and tibia were greatest at 50, 75, and 100 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. Higher activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (total-SOD) were found in both liver and breast muscle of chicks fed diets supplemented with inorganic minerals. In chicks fed MnSO₄·H₂O, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver were optimized at 59.8, 74.3, 20.6, and 43.1 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. In MnPro fed chicks, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver and breast were optimized at 20.6, 38.0, 16.6, 33.5, and 62.3 mg supplemental Mn/kg, respectively. Conclusion: Lower levels of organic Mn were required by growing chicks for performance optimization compared to inorganic Mn. Based on the FCR, the ideal supplemental levels of organic and inorganic Mn in chick feeds were 38.0 and 74.3 mg Mn/kg diet, respectively.