• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the effects of two herbicide-resistant genetically modified rice (GM rice) varieties, Milyang 204 and Iksan 483, recently developed in Korea on non-target insects and a spider. No difference in host preferences of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens were observed between GM rice and non-GM rice. Wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus, feeding on N. lugens reared on GM rice or non-GM rice, revealed no significant difference in body weight. P. subpiraticus, fed with N. lugens reared on Milyang 204, showed survival rates similar to that in P. subpiraticus fed with N. lugens reared on non-GM rice. However, P. subpiraticus feeding on N. lugens reared on Iksan 483 demonstrated significantly lower survival rates than that in P. subpiraticus feeding on N. lugens reared on Milyang 204 or non-GM rice. In addition, when larvae of the western honeybee Apis mellifera were supplied with Iksan 483 pollen, a significantly longer pupal period occurred, as compared with that of A. mellifera supplied with pollen of Milyang 204 or non-GM rice. As GM rice has negative effects on P. subpiraticus, which is an important predator in agricultural ecosystems, and on A. mellifera, which plays important roles in pollination and honey production, additional studies on risk assessment of GM rice should be conducted before releasing newly developed herbicide-resistant GM rice to the agricultural environment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.335-338
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• 2005

For the development of qualitative PCR detection method of genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa L.), rice species specific gene, SAMDC1 (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), was selected and validated as suitable for use as an endogenous reference gene in rice. The primer pair OsSAMDC1-5'/3' with 110 bp amplicon was used for amplification of the rice endogenous gene, SAMDC1 and no amplified product was observed from 19 different plants as templates. Qualitative PCR method was assayed with 2 different GM rices (Milyang 204 and Iksan 483) developed in Korea. For the qualitative PCRs, the construct-specific detection primer pairs were constructed. Os204-5'/OsNOS-3' amplifying the junction region of GUS gene and NOS terminator introduced in Milyang 204 gave rise to an amplicon 172 bp; also, Os483-5'/OsNOS-3' amplifying the junction region of Bar gene and NOS terminator introduced in Iksan 483 gave rise to an amplicon 161 bp.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the crossability, seed dormancy and overwintering ability of rice plant in GM (glufosinate ammonium-resistant lines. Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their parents) or red rice (Andongaengmi). Seed-setting rate was not significantly different between GM and non-GM rice varieties. Iksan 483 and Milyang 204 showed the similar level of seed germination rate from 30 to 50 days after heading as compared to non-GM rice varieties. After overwintering in paddy field, seed germination rate of GM and non-GM rice varieties ranged from 14.3 % to 57.6 % in dry soil condition, but there was no germination in wet-soil except red rice. The result in wet-soil condition may help to set up a strategy for reducing the risk of gene flow of transgene via dispersal of seeds of GM plants. The crossability, seed dormancy and seed overwintering of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, herbicide resistant GM rice varieties, were not significantly different compared to non-GM rice varieties. The results might be helpful to reduce the risk of transgene dispersal from GM crop via seeds and pollens.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigated the major characteristics of genetically modified rice of 'Milyang 204' originated from Dongjinbyeo compared to a non-transgenic rice varieties Dongjinbyeo and Jun-ambyeo. Basta resistant transgenic rice lines carrying bar gene produced by the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute were evaluated for their agronomic characters. The transgenic Japonica rice of 'Milyang 204' showed inferior phenotypic traits compared to a non-transgenic rice variety Dongjinbyeo and Junambyeo. On the basis of UPOV (Union Internationale Pour la Protaection des Obtentions Vegetables) and NSMO(National Seed Management Office) the transgenic 'Milyang 204' showed difference in some traits out of some agronomic traits, such as leaf color, angle of flag leaf, number of spikelets, culm length, white core and white belly compared to the non-transgenic varieties rice.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

To assess the risk of genetically modified (GM) rice on the agricultural ecosystem, agronomic characteristics, pollen longevity and outcrossing rate between GM (Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their wild types and female parents) varieties were investigated using the bar gene as a tracer marker in paddy field. The agronomic characteristics of two GM rice were similar to their female-parents (non-GM rice) except heading date and 1,000 grain weight of Iksan 483, and they did not show a difference by the introgression of the bar gene as the genetic traits of rice varieties. Pollen viability was more than 90% just after shedding, and it was rapidly decreased below 50% at 5 minutes after shedding both GM and non-GM varieties. The Pollen longevity was lost after 30 minutes of anthesis. When the distance of gene flow from GM to non-GM rice detected to 6 m from the edge of GM rice plant, the maximum distance of pollen dispersal was 4.5m and 3.9m in Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, respectively, and that was increased in order of west, south, east, and north to the dominant wind direction, west-south. Mean outcrossing rate was very low as 0.003 and 0.001% within 1.5 m from the edge of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, and the GM hybrids by the pollen dispersal did not detected over 4.5 m from the edge of GM rice plant. The results may help to establish the strategy which reduce the risk of pollen-mediated gene flow between GM and non-GM rice.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

This study was carried out to establish a new breeding scheme which is connected with conventional breeding method and anther culture method. To develop a herbicide resistant and direct seeding rice, $F_1$ plants were subjected to anther culture and regenerated plants from 5 crosses were studied to confirm the introduction of bar gene. After PCR analysis, we selected 227 plants which were carrying herbicide resistance gene (bar) out of 1,508 regenerated plants from anther culture. Among 169 $A_2$ lines carrying herbicide resistant gene from 5 crosses including YR23235 (Dongjin Ds3(Ba $r^{R}$)/ Milyang165), 42 lines that had superior agronomic characters were selected for further research. Among them, YR23235Acp79 which showed herbicide resistance, direct seeding adaptability and superiority in major agronomic characters was named Milyang 204. This breeding scheme proved that the anther culture of $F_1$ plants crossed between transformant and cultivar or transform ant alone could be utilized in breeding programs for a rapid progeny fixation and development of a variety.y.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the chromosomal locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with chemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). One hundred sixty four recombinant inbred lines (MGRILs) of $F_{11}$ were derived from the cross between Milyang 23, Tongil type, and Gihobyeo, japonica type. They were evaluated for 7 traits of chemical property in rice. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits examined. Eight significant QTLs were detected (LOD$\geq$2.0) for five traits, including two QTLs for amylose content, two QTLs for potassium content, one QTL for ratio of magnesium to potassium, one QTL for fat content and two QTLs for ash content. Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 7.2% to 14.4%. However, no significant QTL was detected for magnesium and protein contents. In amylose content and ash content M alleles originated from Milyang 23 were responsible for increasing these traits and J alleles originated from Gihobyeo also responsible for increasing these traits. Pleiotropic effects of single QTLs on different traits are observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 2008

The impacts of planted transgenic rice varieties on bacterial communities in paddy soils were monitored using both cultivation and molecular methods. The rice field plot consisted of eighteen subplots planted with two genetically modified (GM) rice and four non-GM rice plants in three replicates. Analysis with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes revealed that the bacterial community structures were quite similar to each other in a given month, suggesting that there were no significant differences in bacterial communities between GM and non-GM rice soils. The bacterial community structures appeared to be generally stable with the seasons, as shown by a slight variation of microbial population levels and DGGE banding patterns over the year. Comparison analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries constructed from soil bacterial DNA showed that there were no significant differences between GM and non-GM soil libraries but revealed seasonal differences of phyla distribution between August and December. The composition profile of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) between GM and non-GM soils also was not significantly different to each other. When soil DNAs were analyzed with PCR by using primers for the bar gene, which was introduced into GM rice, positive DNA bands were found in October and December soils. However, no bar gene sequence was detected in PCR analysis with DNAs extracted from both cultured and uncultured soil bacterial fractions. The result of this study suggested that, in spite of seasonal variations of bacterial communities and persistence of the bar gene, the bacterial communities of the experimental rice field were not significantly affected by cultivation of GM rice varieties.