• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.891-895
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• 2019

Objective: Aim of present study was the set up of a fast and reliable protocol using species-specific markers for the quali-quantitative analysis of DNA and the detection of ruminant biological components in dairy products. For this purpose, the promoter of the gene coding for the ${\alpha}$-lactoalbumin (LALBA) was chosen as possible candidate for the presence of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Methods: DNA was isolated from somatic cells of 120 individual milk samples of cattle (30), Mediterranean river buffalo (30), goat (30), and sheep (30) and the gene promoter region (about 600/700 bp) of LALBA (from about 600 bp upstream of exon 1) has been sequenced. For the development of a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol that allows the simultaneous identification of DNA from the four species of ruminants, the following internal primers pair were used: 5'-CACTGATCTTAAAGCTCAGGTT-3' (forward) and 5'-TCAGA GTAGGCCACAGAAG-3' (reverse). Results: Sequencing results of LALBA gene promoter region confirmed the presence of SINEs as monomorphic "within" and variable in size "among" the selected species. Amplicon lengths were 582 bp in cattle, 592 bp in buffalo, 655 in goat and 729 bp in sheep. PCR specificity was demonstrated by the detection of trace amounts of species-specific DNA from mixed sources ($0.25ng/{\mu}L$). Conclusion: We developed a rapid PCR protocol for the quali-quantitative analysis of DNA and the traceability of dairy products using a species-specific marker with only one pair of primers. Our results validate the proposed technique as a suitable tool for a simple and inexpensive (economic) detection of animal origin components in foodstuffs.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

A substantial body of evidence has emerged over the last decade in support of the novel concept that dietary calcium and dairy foods play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and thereby promote healthy weight management and reduce obesity risk. This concept has been demonstrated in experimental animals studies, cross-sectional and prospective population studies and a number of randomized clinical trials. Notably, the effects of dairy foods in weight management are more consistent than the effects of supplemental calcium across clinical trials, and calcium per se is responsible for approximately 40-50% of the effects of dairy. The calcium component is only effective in individuals with chronically low calcium intake, as it serves to prevent the endocrine response to low calcium diets which otherwise favors adipocyte energy storage; calcium also serves to promote energy loss via formation of calcium soaps in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce fat absorption. The calcium-independent anti-obesity bioactivity of dairy resides primarily in whey. The key components identified to date are leucine and bioactive peptides resulting from whey protein digestion. The high concentration of leucine in whey stimulates a repartitioning of dietary energy from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle where it provides the energy required for leucine-stimulated protein synthesis, resulting in increased loss of adipose tissue and preservation of skeletal muscle mass during weight loss. Finally, dairy rich diets suppress the oxidative and inflammatory responses to obesity and thereby attenuate the diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2002

Lao-chao is a traditional Chinese fermented rice product with a sweet and fruity flavor, containing high levels of glucose, a little alcohol and milk-clotting characteristics. In order to optimize commercial production of lao-chao, Rhizopus javanicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected as the mold and yeast starter, respectively. A commercial mixed starter (chiu-yao) was used as control. Fermentation of the experimental combination revealed a sharp drop in pH (to 4.5) on the fourth day, remaining constant thereafter. Content of reducing sugars gradually decreased throughout the entire fermentation period. Of the free amino acids, higher quantities of alanine, leucine, proline, glutamic acid, glutamine and $NH_3$ were noted. For sugars, glucose revealed the highest concentration, while organic acid levels, including those for oxalic, lactic, citric and pyroglutamic acid, increased throughout the fermentation period. Twenty-one compounds were identified by gas chromatography from aroma concentrates of the lao-chao culture filtrate, prepared using the headspace method. For the flavor components, higher quantities of ethanol, fusel oil and ester were determined in both culture filtrates. In regard to the evaluation of yogurt-like product, there were significant differences in alcoholic smell, texture and curd firmness.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2015

To reutilize fisheries waste, we isolated a bacterial strain from a coastal area located in Busan. It was identified as Bacillus licheniformis TK3-Y. Using plate assay and 500-mL flask experiments, we found that the isolate simultaneously possessed cellulolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities with salt tolerance. 10% (v/v) inoculums, were used to examine the biodegradation characteristics of the TK3-Y strain on carboxymethylcellulose, skim milk, and olive oil media. The optimum conditions for pH, temperature, agitation speed, and NaCl concentration on each 1% substrate were 6, $50^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm, and 17.5%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the TK3-Y strain showed 1.07 U/mL cellulolytic, 1,426 U/mL proteolytic, and 6.45 U/mL lipolytic activities. Each enzyme was stable within a range of 17.5-35% NaCl. Therefore, the salt tolerance ability of strain TK3-Y was superior to other related strains. In degradation of a mixed medium containing all three substrates, both the cellulolytic and proteolytic activities were somewhat lower than those on each single substrate, while the lipolytic activity was somewhat higher. From the above results, the TK3-Y strain appears to be a good candidate for use in the efficient treatment of fisheries waste in which components are not collected separately.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2006

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) rich fraction, collected components between 1 kDa and 30 kDa, was fractionated from bovine colostral whey using an ultrafiltration membrane. IGF-I was confirmed in the collected IGF-I rich fraction by both SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The concentration of IGF-I in the IGF-I rich fraction was 10 ng/mg protein. One hundred microliters of the reconstituted IGF-I rich fraction was intraperitoneally injected into ICR male mice for 2 weeks at 24 h intervals. The functions of peritoneal macrophages, including phagocytosis, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ production, and nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production, were enhanced significantly by the administration of the IGF-I rich fraction in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The proliferation of Concanavalin (Con) A-stimulated and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocytes was also determined to have been enhanced significantly by the administration of the IGF-I rich fraction in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). Our results indicate that the administration of IGF-I rich fraction obtained from bovine colostral whey enhances both innate and acquired immunity for ICR male mice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.658-665
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide desirable way on the eating of sugar foods, specifically the differences between dietary attitude, dietary behaviors and intake frequency. Data was collected from 279 middle students in the Incheon region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the dietary attitude, dietary behaviors and intake frequency was 3.52, 2.89 and 2.51, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.867, 0.789, 0.940 and KMO of 0.899. Factor analysis extracted three components of the sugar preference, which we named dietary attitude (factor 1), dietary behaviors (factor 2), and intake frequency (factor 3). The dietary attitude and dietary behaviors showed a significant difference between sugar preference and non-preference (p < 0.05). Also, intake frequency of sugar food showed a significant differences in chocolate, chocolate products, and ice cream between sugar preference and non-preference (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in cake, bread kinds, juice, sweetness milk, yogurt between sugar preference and non-preference (p > 0.05). A significant positive result of intake frequency of sugar food (p < 0.05) was shown for the dietary attitude, BMI, weight, and monthly pocket money. Based on this study, the reduction of sugar intake is needed especially for middle students.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국전통약용식물(구기자, 오미자 잎)의 발효물로부터 분리한 Bacillus coagulanse NRR1207의 발효 특성을 파악하고 Bacillus coagulans NRR1207의 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase의 활성과 이를 통한 대두박의 비소화성분의 분해를 확인하였다. Bacillus coagulans NRR1207이 생산하는 효소 중 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase가 가장 높은 40 nmol 이상의 활성을 나타내었다. Bacillus coagulans NRR1207의 발효 특성은 10% skim milk에서 배양했을 때, pH는 급속히 감소했고 적정 산도는 1.9%까지 증가했고 생균수도 발효 24시간에 8.8 log CFU/ml로 증가했다. 유당은 배양 72시간째 완전히 고갈되었고 유산 생산 능력도 탁월했다. Bacillus coagulans NRR1207을 대두박에 접종 후 배양시간에 따른 생균수의 변화는 배양 시작 시 7.6 log CFU/ml, 배양 16시간에 최고에 도달하여 9.0 log CFU/ml이었고 배양 72시간에 8.3 log CFU/ml로 Bacillus coagulans NRR1207이 왕성하게 잘 성장하였다. 대두박의 비소화성분 분해는 Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 접종 후 발효 24, 48, 72시간이 경과하면서 이 균이 생산한 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase에 의해 비소화성분인 stachyose와 raffinose가 대부분 분해되고 galactose가 생성되었다. 따라서 Bacillus coagulans NRR1207은 대두박의 비소화성분을 분해하는 생균제(Probiotics)로써 이용하여 식품 및 가축 사료 이용성 증대에 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

면역 활성능이 높은 균주로 선발된 Streptococcus macedonicus LC743를 이용하여 모짜렐라 치즈를 제조하기 위해 배양온도별($32^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$), 균주의 접종량 별(1.0%, 2.0%)로 모짜렐라 치즈를 제조하여 일반성분, 균수, 총고형분 및 수율 및 면역 활성을 측정하여 최적조건을 설정하였다. S. macedonicus LC743 균주를 이용하여 치즈 제조 시 2.0% 접종하여 $32^{\circ}C$에서 배양할 경우 가장 제조 시간이 단축되었고, 가공적성 및 면역활성이 우수하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1997

작물 원형질체를 배양하면서 세포의 생존과 노화 그리고 고사의 상태를 대사적으로 정확히 판단이 가능한 marker물질을 확인하고 간편한 측정법을 확립하기 위하여 일련의 연구를 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담배와 벼의 원형질체를 나출하여 MS와KM-8P를 기본배지로 하여 2,4-K와 CM을 첨가하였던 바, ABA는 경시적으로 감소하였으며 CM첨가에 의해서 더 많이 감소하였다. GA$_3$, IAA, zeatin은 반대로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 ABA의 감소율과 zeatin의 증가율이 가장 크게 나타났다. 2. Osmoticum(mannitol)을 적정 농도 이상으로 처리하였을 때 ABA는 일시적으로 증가되었다가 감소되었고, 다른 성장 호르몬은 모두 증가폭이 농도가 증가될수록 둔화되었다. 3. Supermine 10mM과 NaCl을 처리하였을 때 담배와 벼에서 각 호르몬의 증감은 서로 반대로 나타났다. 특히 담배는 NaCl의 stress가 크게 나타났다. 그리고 배양 후반기에는 원형질체의 분열이 중지되었다. 4. 원형질체의 배지 성분을 제거하고 32$^{\circ}C$로 고온 배양에 의해서 인위적으로 노화를 촉진시켰을 때 세포의 활력은 48시간 이후에 크게 감소되었다. 세포의 활력 상실과 반비례적으로 ABA는 배양 10일까지 크게 증가되었다. 이와 반대로 성장 호르몬들은 모두 증가되지 않고 감소가 이루어졌다. 특히 zeatin의 감소가 크게 나타났다. 5. 이상의 결과에 따라서 식물 호르몬은 원형질체가 처한 환경 요인이나 부여된 어떤 조건에 따라서 민감하게 변동하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1999

고지혈증 치료제인 Lovastatin을 Aspergillus terreus로부터 생산하기 위해 최적의 탄소원, 질소원, 인산염 및 아미노산을 선정하였다. 단일 탄소원에서는 글리세롤 45mL/L가 Lovastatin 256mg/L로 포도당 45g/L의 기본배지보다 약 3.5배 이상의 높은 Lovastatin 생산량을 나타내었다. 탄소원이 지방산 합성에 이용되는 것을 차단하고 Lovastatin으로의 합성을 촉진하기 위해 기름 증류를 탄소원으로 이용한 결과, 높은 Lovastatin 생산량과 균재량을 나타내었으나, 글리세롤 45mL/L가 Lovastatin 생산량이 낮았다 포도당 50g/L와 글리세롤 50mL/L를 혼합한 복합 탄소원이 Lovastatin 298mg/L로 기본배지에 비해 약 4배 이상의 가장 높은 Lovastatin 생산량을 나타냈었다. 질소원의 영향은 뚜렷하여 질소원에 따라 Lovastatin 생산량이 큰 차이를 나타내었으며, 그 중에서 peptonized milk가 가장 Lovastatin 생산량이 높았다. 인산염 중에서는 $K_2HPO_4$가 가장 높은 Lovastatin 생산량을 나타내었다. 이상에서 얻어진 최적 배지에 각종 아미노산을 첨가한 결과 L-hisbhine과 L-tryptophan이 가장 효과적이었으며, 최적 농도는 둘다 6g/L였다.