• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2019

Milk contains essential nutrients and functional compounds, such as calcium, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, and sphingolipids. The bioactive molecules from milk are not expensive and have an added advantage of being derived from food. Therefore, they are more stable and have a broader spectrum than that of other chemicals. Bioactive milk components are useful for treating non-digestive tract disorders, such as cancer, cognitive decline, and hypertension. However, the clinical application of certain breast milk ingredients is limited due to the lack of a large-scale production technology. Once the scaled-up production of lactoferrin became possible, clinical applications were devised and evaluated. Similarly, human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) can be produced on a large scale as a recombinant protein in microorganisms or in transgenic cattle using suitable separation systems. HAMLET can be used to treat human skin papilloma and cancer. Studies on breast milk that explored the clinical applications of the bioactive components of breast milk have spurred the development of translational medicine and breast milk-derived therapeutics. Some breast-milk derived therapeutic agents are already available to clinicians. Many components of breast milk have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies and have valid clinical evaluations.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dandelion (Taraxzcum coreanum) supplementation on milk yield, milk composition and blood characteristics in lactating dairy cows. Eight lactating dairy cows were divided into two groups (control: TMR supplementation, treatment: TMR with Dandelion supplementation). The milk yield, milk fat, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and somatic cells counts (SCC) were not significantly different between the control group and the treatment group, whereas milk protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and free fat acid (FFA) were significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control (p<0.05). The blood components of the treatment group were compared with those of the control group and only aspartate aminotransferase (AST) appeared significantly high (p<0.05). The other blood components were not significantly different in the two groups. Blood corpuscle components in the groups were not significantly different. Especially, all blood corpuscle components in the treatment group were within the normal range. However, the white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM) and hematocrits (HCT) in the control group exceeded the normal range. Based on the above results, the addition of Dandelion to feed increased milk protein, MUN and FFA, but did not significantly affect the composition of the blood and corpuscle in Holstein milking cows.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to herd management and control of dairy cows by milk components analysis in Gyeongsangnamdo. Milk components analysis were carried out milk yield (MY), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell count (SCC) but, milk solid (MS), day of non-pregnant condition (DNPC), and days of primipara (DPRI) involved in report. Dairy farms were divided high group, middle group, low group according to the standard records for milk components. Examination records were divided by farm, parity, year, season and month, the number of samples were 28,957. Feeding management practice and the prediction for the risk possibility of productive disease such as reproductive and metabolic disorders by evaluating fat, protein, solids. Determination of MY, MF, MP, MS were Milkoscan 4,000~5,000 Serier (FOSS Electric Co., Copenhagen, Denmark). Correlation coefficient of milk protein (MP) and milk solid (MS) was ascertain r=0.759. SCC was ascertain 372.8$\pm$11.34 (thousand unit) and DNPC was ascertain 155.3$\pm$5.15 (days) in seven parity.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2010

In addition to the nutritional values, milk has a wide range of bioactive compounds which have been found to be increasingly important for physiological and biochemical functions on human metabolism and health. Bioactive components in milk comprise specific proteins, peptides, lipids and carbohydrates. Especially, milk proteins are known to exert a wide range of nutritional, functional, and biological activities. And milk proteins are considered the most important source of bioactive peptides, including antihypertensive, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and opioid peptides. Many ingredients containing specific bioactive peptides derived from milk protein hydrolysates have been launched on the market and are currently under development. In future studies more emphasis should be given to the health-promoting effect in the well-defined human clinical studies for the successful development of function foods based on the milk-derived bioactive components.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.321-330
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• 2008

산양유의 계절별 및 농장별 이화학적 특성을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구의 결과 및 타지역에서의 산양유 성분인 Fat, Protein, Lactose, Total Solid, SNF, Cells 성분 등을 살펴본 결과 $12{\sim}6$월 사이의 값 중에서 2월과 3월에 Fat, Protein, Lactose, Total Solid, SNF, Cells 값이 높은 경향을 보였고, 특히 Fat의 경우 $12{\sim}3$월까지의 값이 다른 월별 성분보다 더욱 높은 값을 보였다. SNF의 경우도 2월에 다른 월별 성분보다 월등히 높은 값을 나타냈다. 그러나 Lactose는 계절 또는 월별간 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 산양유 성분의 지역별 차이 또한 크지 않았으며 일반 유성분 자료를 본 연구의 결과와 참고자료를 함께 비교 검토한 결과 산양유의 일반조성은 cow milk와 전체적으로 비슷하나 Fat 성분에서 약간 낮은 값을 보였고, Mare milk 보다는 전체적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 산양유 생산은 산양의 계절번식에 의한 계절간 생산량의 편차가 커 수급조절이 어려운 문제점이 있으므로 국내 산양유 산업의 발전을 위해서는 산양유 제품의 소비를 촉진시킬 수 있는 저장성이 우수한 다양한 기능성 제품을 고안하여야 한다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Milk components and their derivatives are a rich source of bioactive substances and play a central role in the development of functional foods. Many scientific evidences have shown that milk proteins have a biological health-promoting functionality. However, in recent times, dairy calcium and growth factors derived from milk have been misunderstood to cause diseases such as osteoporosis or cancer. This review focuses on the importance of milk-derived growth factors and some minor active components and briefly considers the emerging trends of personalized nutrition in future dairy research and development.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

A unique biophysical membrane which surrounds the milk fat globules is called the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Various researches were studied about origin, composition, structure and bioactive components of MFGM. Bioactive protein components of MFGM play an important beneficiary function such as defense mechanism in new born. Among the bioactive lipid components from MFGM phospholipids showed health enhancing functions. The phospholipids also help in the production of certain dairy product from deterioration. MFGM phospholipids also showed antioxidant activity in some dairy products such as butter and ghee produced from milk of buffalo. Based on the beneficial effects, researchers developed MFGM as functional ingredients in various food products. This current review focuses on health enhancing function of MFGM and its components in various dairy products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2004

The study was conducted to assess the effect of milk production, parity, stage of lactation, season and individual milk components themselves on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration and other milk components of 3,219 Holstein dairy cows in Korean dairy farms. The MUN concentrations in Korean dairy cows were estimated to 16.68$\pm$5.87 mg/dl. Milk yield was negatively correlated with fat and protein contents and somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk (p<0.01). The increasing MUN concentration has positive correlation with yield and fat content. By increasing somatic cell, milk yield was reduced and MUN level was increased. Cows in spring and winter produced more milk over 1.43 and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, than cows in summer (p<0.01). Milk urea nitrogen concentrations of milk produced in summer and fall were significantly lower (p<0.01) than those in spring and winter. Both MUN concentration and somatic cell counts were highest in winter. Milk yield was lower (p<0.01) in the first calving than other calving time and was tended to increase until the fifth parity and then decrease. Milk urea nitrogen and SCC were not related to parity of cows in this study. Milk yield and SCC were positively related to lactation period while MUN concentrations and milk fat and protein contents were negatively influenced by stage of lactation. In the present study, the relationship between MUN and reproduction of dairy cows was also investigated. Cow produced milk in high MUN concentrations (greater than 18 mg/dl) had more open days than cows in MUN concentrations less than 18 mg/dl. However, no significant difference between MUN concentration levels and frequency of artificial insemination was found in this study. It is suggested that although MUN values for nutritional management and measures of production or reproduction are used, non-nutritional factors should be considered.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2007

Milk components analysis was carried out milk yield(MY), milk fat(MF), milk protein(MP), milk urea nitrogen(MUN), milk solid(MS), day of non-pregnant condition(DNPC), and days of primipara(DPRI) involved. Dairy farms were divided high, middle and low groups according to the standard records for milk components. Examination records were divided by farm, parity, year, season and month, the number of samples were 28,957. MUN concentration was below 12 mg and when the MPP was below 3.0%, the days of non-pregnant condition were $94{\pm}10.77$ days but concentration of MUN was under 12 mg and when MPP was above 3.2%, longer period of non-pregnant condtion of $181.3{\pm}9.25$ was noted. The days of gestation of the first calving cow was $495.9{\pm}9.04$ days when the concentration of MUN was below 12mg/dl and MPP was under 3.0%. If the concentration of MUN was 12 mg/dl and when the MPP was over 3.2%, the days of gestation were $511.0{\pm}8.36$ days. It was believed that the concentrations of MPP and MUN have significant effects on the days of non-pregnant condition and the days of gestation. Determination of MY, MF, MS, and MUN was Milkoscan $4,000{\sim}5,000$ Serier(FOSS Electric Co., Copenhagen, Denmark). MUN standard concentration was 12-18(mg/dl) similar to blood urea nitrogen(BUN). Mutual relationship of milk components(MF, SCC, MY, DNPC, MS) and MUN concentration was low in regression analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 1990

Pathogen infections or mastitis inflammations usually develop differently on each udder of lactating cow. Although healthy udders will be attacked by the mastitis pathogens or the pathogens from blood in a long term, they would not be always inflamed. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk, which is utilized as an index of mastitis diagnosis, and the relation among SCC and milk constituents will have to be examined on each udder individually. Twelve cows of a Holstein cow herd in Nasu Research Station, which were suffering clinical or non-clinical mastitis, were selected, and SCC and milk constituents on each udder milk were measured. The effects of mastitis infection on udder milk components were relatively small except lactose content on udder milks of non-clinical mastitis (SCC< $10.0{\times}10^5$ per ml milk). On udder milks of clinical mastitis, however, high negative correlations were recognized between SCC and milk components. On different sampling days, high contents of fat and protein corresponded to that of total solids.