• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the relationship between dietary habits, food intake patterns, and depression in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Korean Version was used to determine whether a participant was depressed or not. The dietary habits were assessed by the Min-Dietary Assessment (MDA) method, and food intake data were collected by the 24-hour recall method on two non-consecutive days, at least 7 days apart, and the average of the two days was used to estimate the usual dietary intake. The total MDA scores of the Depression Group was significantly lower than that of the No-Depression Group ($31.5{\pm}6.4$ vs $33.4{\pm}6.0$, p = 0.027). The intake of cereals/potatoes/sugar products, milk and milk products, plant protein, and calcium for the Depression Group were significantly lower compared to the No-Depression Group. The Depression Group had a significantly higher percentage of energy intakes from protein as well as the consumption of fish and shellfish compared to the No-Depression Group. There was a significant inverse relationship between milk and milk products consumption and the prevalence of depression [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile compared to the lowest: 0.390 (0.177-0.857); p for trend = 0.016]. There were also significant positive relationships between the prevalence of depression and the consumption of the following: fish and shellfish [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile compared to the lowest: 2.319 (1.128-4.770); p for trend = 0.009], animal protein (p for trend = 0.049), and the percentage of energy intakes from protein [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest: 2.546(1.156-5.609); p for trend = 0.025]. Further studies are needed in order to investigate whether the intake of protein and of animal protein is indeed associated with depression in PCOS patients in Korea and the possible mechanisms thereof. The results of our study can be applicable for the development of effective nutrition counseling and education programs regarding PCOS patients with depression as part of their successful treatment regimen.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1999

This study investigated the differences in dietary intake, age, body mass index(BMI), marital status and education of 1,585 Korean healthy males among current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Dietary intake was determined by a food frequency questionnaire at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. A bioelectric impedance analyzer measured height, body weight and BMI. This study identified 50% of the study group as current smokers and 30% as ex-smokers and 20% as non-smokers. The mean body mass index was 23.7kg/㎡ and did not differ significantly among the three groups. THe current smokers were younger(44.9 years old) and contained a lower percentage(58.5%) of college graduate than that of ex-smokers or non-smokers. The percentage of non-consumers of meat, eggs, beans and bean products was higher in non-smokers than that of ex-smokers or current smokers. Smoking was to a significant degree positively related to the amount of coffee and alcoholic beverages consumed and negatively related to the amount of milk and milk products and fruits consumed. The intake of eggs, milk and milk products, fruit, coffee, sweets, fats and oils were significantly different among the three groups. after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, and alcohol consumption. There was a strong positive relationship between smoking intensity and the intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages(p<0.0005), and an inverse relationship between smoking intensity and fruit, milk and milk product intake(p<0.005). The current smokers were characterized by a higher intake of total energy and cholesterol, and a lower intake of dietary fibers, ${\beta}$-carotine and folate than those of non-smokers or ex-smokers. The nutrient intake of ex-smokers was moderate and highest in ${\beta}$-carotine and folate, which suggested that ex-smokers were trying to change their life style.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.11
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• 2022

Background: Escherichia coli, which causes subclinical or clinical mastitis in cattle, is responsible for transmitting antimicrobial resistance via human consumption of raw milk or raw milk products. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of 183 E. coli from bulk tank milk of five different dairy factories in Korea. Methods: The molecular characteristics of E. coli such as serogroup, virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and integron genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction and antimicrobial susceptibility were tested using the disk diffusion test. Results: In the distribution of phylogenetic groups, group D was the most prevalent (59.6%) and followed by group B1 (25.1%). The most predominant serogroup was O173 (15.3%), and a total of 46 different serotypes were detected. The virulence gene found most often was fimH (73.2%), and stx1, fimH, incC, fyuA, and iutA genes were significantly higher in isolates of phylogenetic group B1 compared to phylogenetic groups A, B2, and D (p < 0.05). Among 64 E. coli isolates that showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial, the highest resistance rate was observed for tetracyclines (37.5%). All 18 integron-positive E. coli carried the integron class I (int1) gene, and three different gene cassette arrangements, dfrA12+aadA2 (2 isolates), aac(6')-Ib3+aac(6')-Ib-cr+aadA4 (2 isolates), and dfrA17+aadA5 (1 isolate) were detected. Conclusions: These data suggest that the E. coli from bulk tank milk can be an indicator for dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors via cross-contamination.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2005

Object : This paper is designed to inquire into the influence of eating habits on the emotion of modem people. Method : The methodology is used that searches for materials such as books and treatises on the relationship between eating habits and emotion. Result : Meat used for fast food comes from cows that are fed the feed containing growth hormone and antibiotic. Growth hormone extremely supplements fire or yang within the body while antibiotics undermines the process of yin, leading to an accumulation of damp-heat and inflammation of ministerial fire. Additives contained in instant foods also impinge on the process of yin, leading to poor digestion, damp-heat toxins and ministerial fire. Excessive consumption of meat results in incomplete combustion of fat and hinders the formation of essence. Subsequently, ministerial fire becomes hyperactive as a result of the lack of yin energy. Increased meat consumption in the human diet is coupled with unhealthy eating pattern in which people eat too much for dinner and too quickly. Eating too much disturbs digestion, making it slow and incomplete, leading to excess damp-heat conditions, insufficient amount of vital essence and eventually hyperactive ministerial fire. Milk is considered a catalyst of faster growth, making it suitable for calves. Milk intake rapidly increases the balance of yang and eventually cause hyperactivity of ministerial fire. Conclusion : It is estimated that the eating habits of modern people cause the process of yang, making them feel restless, impatient and aggressive.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.775-780
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• 2013

Background: In the year 2010, it is estimated that nearly 0.36 million new cases and 0.19 million deaths with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurred. In India, among males, NHL incidence rates vary across the country which has encouraged us to conduct a case-control study to study risk factors. Materials and Methods: The present unmatched hospital-based case-control study conducted at Tata Memorial Hospital included subjects registered between the years 1997-99. There were 390 'lymphoma cases' and 1,383 'normal controls. Results: Data on age, tobacco habits, occupational history, dietary factors, tea, coffee were collected by the social investigators. Univariate and multivariate methods were applied for obtaining the odds ratios for risk factors. Conclusions: In the study, cigarette smoking (OR=2.0) and bidi smoking (OR=2.8), were associated with excess risk of lymphoma. Among the dietary items, only consumption of mutton showed 7.3-fold significant excess risk for lymphoma. Consumption of milk showed a 6-fold excess risk (OR=1.5); while coffee showed a 50% reduction in risk for lymphoma. Among occupational exposure, exposure to use of pesticides showed 3-fold excess risk for lymphoma.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.716-729
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• 2011

This study aimed to plan nutrition support programs for the elderly living alone whose nutrition status were seriously concerned, conducted seven stages nutrition intervention program on a trial basis, and evaluated the effectiveness of the program of the Elderly Nutrition Support Project. Subjects were selected for personalized nutrition management based on nutritional risk score and nutrition intervention were tailored to the problems occurred. The elderly nutrition support program targets were 44 senior citizens who lived alone with low income. The 33 (as Type 1) of the subjects with whom milk, tofu, seaweed, eggs, black beans have been supported, and also provide nutrition education, and the rest 11 persons (as Type 2) to whom food was not supported but provide nutrition education programs. As a result, all subjects showed that compared with pre and post program implementation, their daily exercise time and milk and protein consumption level were increased and some improvement was observed regular meals consumption and low-salt diets. Their nutrient intake level such as calories, protein, calcium, iron improved after implementation. In addition, NSL DETERMINE scores significantly improved from 13.21 to 7.24 in Type 1 and 11.27 to 9.91 in Type 2. As positive dietary behavioral changes were observed as in that they purchased more protein and calcium rich foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.517-527
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• 1996

The food consumption of 148 healthy infants from 4 to 6 months of age have been measured. Three groups were assigned to change of feeding pattern. Formula group(FF, n=102) were fed formula from birth till 6 months of age. Convert 1 group (C1F, n=14) and Convert 2 group (C2F, n=32) were fed breast milk and mixed milk at 2months of age afterthat switched to formula milk, respectively. All infants received solids (solid foods) from 4 months of age. No significant difference was found in the intake of nutrients among three feeding groups excluding carbohydrate intake of C1F-female at 4 months of age. No significant difference was found in the intake of nutrients among three feeding groups excluding carbohydrate intake of C1F-female at 4 months of age. The FF-female(70.9g/d) and C2F-female(66.9g/d) had significantly higher carbohydrate intake when compared to the C1F-female (54.3g/d). The average total energy intake at 4, 6 months were 648.3 and 709.7kcal/d among all infants. At 4 and 6 months of age, mean intake of nutrients was as follows. Calcium intake was 526.7mg/d and 760.0mg/d at 4 and 6 months of age respectively. Iron intake was 8.3mg/d and 10/5mg/d at 4 and 6 months of age respectively. Calories from solids provided 22.5% of total energy intake at 4 months of age, and nearly 32% at 6 months of age. The average energy and protein intakes of all infants were less than the RDA for calcium and iron at 4, 6 months of age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.530-538
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• 2008

This study was performed to assess the effects of beverage consumption on nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements. Beverage intake and dietary intake were measured by a beverage frequency and quantity questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls in 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area. The number of drinking moments per month was 93.5 and drinking amount of all beverages was 626.6 mL per day. The amount of milk intake was 253.8 ml per day, which was the highest in all types of beverage consumption, followed by juice(133.6 mL), and carbonated beverage(77.7 mL). The amount of sweetened beverage which was defined as all beverages except milk and soy milk was 359.7 mL per day. Energy intakes from all kinds of beverages and sweetened beverages accounted for 20.3% and for 10.5% of the daily energy intake, respectively. The contributions of sweetened beverage intake to the daily energy intake in girls accounted for 13.5%, whereas in boys it was 7.7% and significantly lower. The number of drinking moments and the contribution of sweetened beverage intake to daily energy intake were negatively correlated with protein, vitamin A and niacin intake, respectively. The consumption of milk and soybean milk combined showed a significant negative correlation with the body fat ratio(%) and it also negatively correlated with waist-hip girth ratio(WHR). However, the sweetened beverage intake was not related any of the anthropometric measurement. In conclusion, consumption of the sweetened beverage dropped the nutritional quality of diet. However it was not related with anthropometric measurements in elementary students.

• Proceedings of the EASDL Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.21-34
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• 2005

Increase in daily protein consumption per capita from 1975(85.1 g) to 2001(88.4 g) was 3.3 g. This trend was relatively slower than the case of Japan where daily protein consumption was 84.7 g in 1975 and 90.3 g in 2001. Animal-related protein in 2003 was 45.7 g in which 61% was originated from meat, milk and egg whereas 39% was composed of fish and its relevance. The trend of protein consumption fairly come up with the ideal ratio of 5:5 between animal-originated protein and plant-originated protein, following the base case of Japan. The effect of animal protein on human health can vary depending on one's viewpoint and its controversy is still a subject of debate. For reason, two faces of positive and negative effects on human health coexists. However, there is no doubt that positive effect is far more than negative one. It is not important whether or not animal protein is more beneficial for human health. However, it is more important how human balance between two proteins.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1981

The demand and supply of dentists was studied by the econometrical model. It is based on the data of socio-economic-cultural statistic from 1967 to 1977; GNP, average monthly consumption expenditure per household, consumption of milk, populat ion, consumption of energy, water supply per person a day and entrance rate of senior high school. 1.The curved regression equation and multiple correlation coefficient (R)between the number of dentists(Y) and year (x)were $Y=4,122(1.06)^x$,R=0.995. 2. From 1982 to 1985, expected demand and expected supply will be approximately balanced. But dentists will be oversupplied conspicuously from the year of 1986. Such a oversupply will be remarkably incresed to the amount of 1860 in the year of 2000. 3. It is seemed that balanced number of graduates of dental colleges will be about 350 to the year of 1985, from the year of 1986, will be about 450, from the year of 1981, will be about 600 and from the year of 1996, will be about 700. 4. In 2000, persons served by each dentist will be 3550 by the expected supply and 4120 by the expected demand.