• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5A
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

In recent years, there have been numerous explosion-related accidents due to military and terrorist activities. Such incidents caused not only damages to structures but also human casualties, especially in urban areas. To protect structures and save human lives against explosion accidents, better understanding of the explosion effect on structures is needed. In an explosion, the blast overpressure is applied to concrete structures as an impulsive load of extremely short duration with very high pressure and heat. Generally, concrete is known to have a relatively high blast resistance compared to other construction materials. However, information and test results related to the blast experiment of internal and external have been limited due to military and national security reasons. Therefore, in this paper, to evaluate blast effect on reinforced have concrete structure and its protective performance, blast tests are carried out with $1.0m{\times}1.0m{\times}150mm$ reinforce concrete slab structure at the Agency for Defence Development. The standoff blast distance is 1.5 m and the preliminary tests consists with TNT 9 lbs and TNT 35 lbs and the main tests used ANFO 35 lbs. It is the first ever blast experiment for nonmilitary purposes domestically. In this paper, based on the basic experiment procedure and measurement details for acquiring structural behavior data, the blast experimental measurement system and procedure are established details. The procedure of blast experiments are based on the established measurement system which consists of sensor, signal conditioner, DAQ system, software. It can be used as basic research references for related research areas, which include protective design and effective behavior measurements of structure under blast loading.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

In this study, the significant and enduring concentration of federal R&D spending in metro-scale clusters across the nation is treated as evidence of the operation of a distinct industrial infrastructure defined by the ability of R&D performers to attract external funding and pursue the sophisticated project work demanded. It follows, then, that the agglomerative potential of these R&D concentrations -- performers and their support infrastructures -- requires a search for economic impacts guided by a different stimulative effects attributable to federal R&D spending may be that substantial subnational economic impacts are routinely obscured and diluted by research designs that seek to discover impacts either at the level of nation-scale economic aggregates or on firms or specific industries organized spatially. Therefore, this study proceeds by seeking to link the locational clustering of federal contract R&D spending to more localized economic impacts. It tests a series of models(X-IV) designed to trace federal contract R&D spending flows to economic impacts registered at the level of metro-regional economies. By shifting the focus from funding sources to recipient types and then to sector-specific impacts, the patterns of consistent results become increasingly compelling. In general, these results indicated that federal R&D spending does indeed nurture the development of an important nation-spanning advanced industrial production and R&D infrastructure anchored primarily by two dozed or so metro-regions. However, dominated as it is by a strong defense-industrial orientation, federal contract R&D spending would appear to constitute a relatively inefficient national economic development policy, at least as registered on conventional indicators. Federal contract R&D destined for the support of nondefense/civilian(Model I), nonprofit(Model II), and educational/research(Mode III) R&D agendas is associated with substantially greater regional employment and income impacts than is R&D funding disbursed by the Department of Defense. While federal R&D support from DOD(Model I) and for-profit(Model II) and industrial performer(Model III) contract R&D agendas are associated with positive regional economic impacts, they are substantially smaller than those associated with performers operating outside the defense industrial base. Moreover, evidence that the large-business sector mediates a small business sector(Model VI) justifies closer scrutiny of the relative contribution to economic growth and development made by these two sectors, as well as of the primacy typically accorded employment change as a conventional economic performance indicator. Ultimately, those regions receiving federal R&D spending have experienced measurable employment and income gains as a result. However, whether or not those gains could be improved by changing the composition -- and therefore the primary missions -- of federal R&D spending cannot be decided by merely citing evidence of its economic impacts of the kind reported here. Rather, that decision turns on a prior public choice relating to the trade-offs deemed acceptable between conventional employment and income gains, the strength of a nation's industrial base not reflected in such indicators, and the reigning conception of what constitutes national security -- military might or a competitive civilian economy.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.65-66
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• 2004

There have been groves, in many cases, along with hedgerows and remnant forests around a traditional Korean village. A village grove is very closely connected to the life of residents. Sometimes it was a holy place where important village festivals were held, and became a resting place for farmers, especially in sunny summer. As a matter of fact, it is noted that traditional Korean village groves had been fostered for many purpose as religion, Confucianism, scenery, sanitation, traffic guard, public security, agriculture, hunting, and military and public uses were included in Chosun Govemor General(1938). Village groves were usually located at the outlet of watershed inside which a village was built. In addition, village groves used to be established along part of mountain ranges, streams and streets. A unique type of village grove, called bibosoop was fostered especially where the outlet of watershed was largely opened. In other cases, it was placed where a part of mountain range was relatively low, or where village residents were likely to see ugly objects such as a huge cliff, stony upland with an unvegetated area and the like(Kim and Jang 1994). In a sense, a sheltebelt is a sort of bibosoop as it is a landscape element to complement places that are exposed to strong winds. However, it is comparable to other typical bibosoop that is situated at a topographically very specific zone of watershed. In this paper, we will address potential functions of Korean village groves from a perspective of modern landscape ecology and show current status of some remnants, based on preliminary surveys. A village grove functions as barrier or filter of objects such as water, nutrients, and other elements and habitat of wildlife (park et al. 2003, Lee 2004). The village grove slows down the flow of water and air, maintains soil moisture an hinders soil erosion, enabling cultivation of crops and bringing up creatures nearby. It contributes to enhancing biodiversity. Birds rest on shrubby and woody trees of the element. Presumably, other organisms may also inhabit the village groves and take advantage of it when those move from a forest patch to others. Emerging insects acclimate themselves in the shade of the green space before they fly to sunny air. Besides the village grove acts as a component of agroforestry system as leaf litter is shed from a grove to an asjacent agricultural area, and transformed into green manure(Lee 2004). By the way, many of the landscape elements were destroyed or declined in Koea during the past several decades. The losses have been parallel or linked to environmental degradation. Unfortunately, we have a little reliable data as for how many groves have disappeared in Korea until now. There has been no complete census on the village groves in Korea, and the viewpoints of survey were to a degree different depending on surveyors. So, it is difficult to analyze the temporal and spatial change of village groves. Currently, national inventory data of Korean village groves are available in three reports. We reviewed the locations of village groves and arranged those according to the present administrative units, DONG. With the limited data, we found that at least 484 of village groves were recorded in South Korea. Among all provinces, village groves were most in Gyeongsanbuk-Do Province and least in Chungcheongbuk-Do Province(Table 1). This is a preliminary report prepared while some quantitative data regarding functions and lossers of the village groves are being collected. More detailed data will be introduced in the near future.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2009

Sensor networks deployed in battlefields to support military operations or deployed in natural habitats to monitor the rare wildlifes must take account of protection of the location of valuable assets(i.e., soldiers or wildlifes) from an adversary or malicious tracing as well as the security of messages in transit. In this paper we propose a routing protocol GSLP(GPSR-based Source-Location Privacy) that is capable of enhancing the location privacy of an active source node(i.e., message-originating node) in the presence of multiple dormant sources(i.e., nodes lying nearby an asset whose location needs to be secured). Extended is a simple, yet scalable, routing scheme GPSR(greedy perimeter stateless routing) to select randomly a next-hop node with a certain probability for randomizing paths and to perform perimeter routing for detouring dormant sources so that the privacy strength of the active source, defined as safety period, keeps enhanced. The simulation results obtained by increasing the number of dormant sources up to 1.0% of the total number of nodes show that GSLP yields increased and nearly invariant safety periods, while those of PR-SP(Phantom Routing, Single Path), a notable existing protocol for source-location privacy, rapidly drop off as the number of dormant sources increases. It turns out that delivery latencies of GSLP are roughly less than two-fold of the shortest path length between the active source and the destination.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

Artificial intelligence, which is in the spotlight as the core driving force of the 4th industrial revolution, is expanding its scope to various industrial fields such as smart factories and autonomous driving with the development of high-performance hardware, big data, data processing technology, learning methods and algorithms. In the field of defense, as the security environment has changed due to decreasing defense budget, reducing military service resources, and universalizing unmanned combat systems, advanced countries are also conducting technical and policy research to incorporate artificial intelligence into their work by including recognition systems, decision support, simplification of the work processes, and efficient resource utilization. For this reason, the importance of technology-driven planning and investigation is also increasing to discover and research potential defense future technologies. In this study, based on the research data that was collected to derive future defense technologies, we analyzed the characteristic evaluation indicators for future technologies in the field of artificial intelligence and conducted empirical studies. The study results confirmed that in the future technologies of the defense AI field, the applicability of the weapon system and the economic ripple effect will show a significant relationship with the prospect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1342-1347
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• 2010

Various researches have been studied on WSN(wireless sensor network) for barbed wire entanglements surveillance applications such as industry facilities, security area, prison, military area, airport, etc. Currently, barbed wire entanglements surveillance is formed wire sensor network environment. Traditional wire sensor network guarantee high data transmission rate. Therefore, wire sensor network use fast fourier transform of data of high transmission rate for extraction of feature parameter. However, wireless sensor network in comparison with wire sensor network has very low data transmission rate. Therefore, wireless sensor network doesn't use fast fourier transform of wire sensor network for extraction of feature parameter. In this paper, proposed method use 1 level approximation coefficient of DTW(dynamic time-warped) algorithms based on DWT(discrete wavelet transform) for extraction of detection feature parameter and classification feature parameter for barbed wire entanglements surveillance. l level approximation coefficient have time information and frequency information of signal. Therefore, Dynamic time-warped algorithms based on discrete wavelet transform improve detection and classification of target rather than using energy of signal.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.611-616
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• 2018

With the recent increase in awareness of the diversification of patterns of warfare and security, technological evolution is occurring in the field of autonomous defense robots. As defense science and technology develops with the development of the concept of military utilization focusing on human lives and economic operation, the importance of autonomous robots in the effect-oriented future battlefield is increasing. The major developed countries have developed core technologies, investment strategies, priorities, data securing strategies and infrastructure development related to the field of autonomous defense robots, and research activities such as technology planning and policy strategy for autonomous defense robots in Korea have already begun. In addition, the field of autonomous defense robots encompasses technologies that represent the fourth industrial revolution, such as artificial intelligence, big data, and virtual reality, and so the expectations for this future area of technology are very high. It is difficult to predict the path of technological development due to the increase in the demand for new rather than existing technology. Moreover, the selection and concentration of strategic R&D is required due to resource constraints. It is thought that a preemptive response is needed. This study attempts to derive 6 new technologies that will shape the future of autonomous defense robots and to obtain meaningful results through an empirical study.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.149-182
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• 2001

Due to the sustained increase in lifts expectancy, the number and proportion of the aged population has substantially increased, the proportion of the total population aged 65 and over was 7.1% in 2000 and 14.3% in 2022. But All public pension schemes in Korea, including the National Pension scheme, civil servants pension scheme, private school teachers pension scheme and the military pension scheme, are facing valving degree of financial problems at present because of their weak and unstable financial bases. with the result that some of them have recorded deficits for some time and the others are expected to run deficits in the near future. This crisis in financial sustainability in public pension schemes is attributable to the structural weakness of the schemes which can be characterized as high benefits, low contribution. Therefore, this article focuses on alternative of public pension schemes reform in Korea. The results is as follows. First, a basic pension is proposed to be newly established and the earnings related portion of National Pension Scheme will be as national pension. Secondly, the Basic Pension is a universal basic pension covering all nationals over 18 years and older, thereby achieving \"one pension for everybody\" Thirdly, National Pension will be operated as an earnings related pension covering only those participants with assessed income. Fourth1y, the current participants of public occupational pensions will also join the Basic Pension as well as the public occupational pensions whose scope of works will be reduced. And finally, The conversion of Retirement Allocation Scheme into a corporate pension should be left to the discretion of the company concerned.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.141-159
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• 2009

In the early 1990's, international security environment bring on the change. So each countries should have renewed the defence policy. The developed countries make efforts to keep the superiority of military industry with an high technology and huge capital. One of the efforts is the defence industry exhibitions for the management performance regarded as the marketing strategic principal method. The result of the opening exhibitions has been studied by research papers and treatises. A exhibitions' goal is different from an it's characteristic, type, industry, participator, institution and participating nation. An enterprise's management performance is runs as follows. First, an exhibitions participation activation has an effect re-participation following the satisfaction. Second, an exhibitions participation activation contributes to be on sale promotion, The result of the exhibitions participation is classified with sale performance and non-sale performance. The third, an exhibitions participation activation contributes to the effective company management. The huge fund advertisement is a financial burden, but a exhibitions takes effect one-fifth economical retrenchment. Accordingly, this study researched the exhibition participation choice properties, an exhibitions participation activation properties and investigated the Korea defence industry's income statement, balance sheet, growth ratios, profitability ratios, productivity ratios, stability ratios which were substitute for the enterprise's management performance through the exhibitions participation costs and the number of times.

• Strategy21
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• s.43
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• pp.5-28
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• 2018

The tensions between the U.S and China, which form the two pillars of the G2 era, seem to have persisted even after the Trump administration inaugurated. The strong confrontation between the two in recent foreign security issues may drive to develop an inadvertent military conflict, and it is high likely to occur in the maritime are. The purpose of this study is not only to analyze the balance of modernized naval forces in the PLAN through naval strategy changes and weapons system modernization trend, but also to predict the impact of the geographical proximity difference on the balance of naval forces in the disputed areas. It examined the impact of distance and geography on naval power by assessing the modernization pattern of the PLAN and capabilities in the context of two scenarios at different distances from China by 2020: one centered on Taiwan and the other on the Spratly Islands. The PLAN's strategy had impact on operational concept and forces construction. First, from the viewpoint of operation operational concept, it can be seen that the passive defense is changing into active defense. Second, in terms of power construction, it can threaten the surface and submarines of U.S power from a distance. And they generated follow three features; The ocean is not the focus of Chinese submarines, Horizontal and vertical expansion of Chinese naval vessels, The improvement of the suppression ability as the Chinese naval modernization ratio increases. The strength of the PLAN is dominant over the U.S in terms of reserves, and it can complement the qualitative deterioration by utilizing nearby bases in the vicinity of the mainland, such as the Taiwan Strait. However, due to the shortage of aircraft carriers, there is a possibility that it will take some time to secure the advantage of air and ocean in the amphibious operation. Therefore, as the dispute is prolonged, China may fail to achieve its original goal. In addition, the lack of cutting edge Commanding Ships may bring to weaken the C2 capabilities. At results, it is expected that PLAN will not be able to have a superiority in the short term due to lagging behind U.S advanced technology. Nevertheless, PLAN has strengthened its naval power through modernization sufficiently and it is highly likely to use force. Especially, it is more likely in the region where the naval power operation like the Taiwan Strait is possible with the almost equality to that of the United States. China will continue to use its naval forces to achieve a rapid and decisive victory over U.S in the close area from the land.