• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.389-412
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• 2007

This study's purpose is to present the improvement of effectiveness of security activity for international conference which can be held hereafter. On the basis of security activity problems originating in APEC that had been held in Pusan in 2005. I made up questions three times to on the members of the police, military, fire figher and Busan city civil servants who had participated in Busan APEC and recognition of possible problem and possibility of improvement on each item of questions was analyzed by Delphi Method. Also interviews with 4 security experts selected from each security agency were conducted to present improvement in each part of problem. The study result is as follows; First, the satisfactory cooperation between security agencies and self-governing body is needed for the basis of security activity in preparatory stage. Second, examining thoroughly security activity by function in activity stage. Third, giving full play to their genius by close cooperation between security agencies and self-governing body in enfourcement stage. Fourth, provision for events after this on the basis of effective estimation system in evaluation stage.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.1-46
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• 2003

During the ancient times, there was no separative judicial system and administrative , legislative and judiciary functions were ultimately concentrated in the all-powerful monarch. And the three states developed state organization , adopting hieratical structures and placing at the pinnacle . State Codes were promulgated to initiate a legal system to rule the people, these codes instituted under influence of China codes. The people tradition sees crime control as the preservation of the authority of hereditary rulers. In the period of the Koryeo dynasty, government accepted a serious of detailed penal code from Tang dynasty . Legal response to crime stressed preservation of the dynasty rather than making citizen behave according to certain rules. In the period of Early Joseon , the compilation of Grand Code for state administration was initiated, the Kyeongkuk Taejeon ,became comer stone of the dynastic administration and provided the monarchial system with a sort of constitutional law in written form. This national code was in portant means of criminal policy at that time, Late Joseon , the impact of Western culture entering through China gave further impetus to pragmatic studies which called for socio-economic reforms and readjustment. Approach to criminal justice policy emphasized more equitable operation of the criminal justice system ,rehabilitation and crime control. Korea-Japanese Treaty concluded on 22 August ,1910 and proclaim a week later ,Japan gave the coup de grace to the Korea Empire and changed the office of the Resident - General into the Government - General . Thus korean criminal policy were lost during a dark ages ,which lasted for 36 years after fall of Joseon Dynasty (the colnial period,1910${\sim}$1945). After 1945 Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the occupation of devided Korea by the United States and Soviet Union frustrated the efforts of Koreans to establish an independent government, and the transplantation of two conflicting political ideologies to south and the north of the 38th parallel further intensified the national split. U.S. military government office occupied the south of the 38 the parallel and placed emphasis on democracy of criminal policy. ln 1948, the U.S. military government handed over to the ROK government its administrative authority.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

South Korea suggest that the United States government should delay the date to hand over wartime operational control (OPCON). It is fixed on December 1, 2015. Typically the president's position as head of the executive authority is coming from the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Now we should know the commander-in-chief of the nation's forces and the meaning of OPCON. The relationship between sovereignty and the commander-in-chief of the nation's forces is a little different. This is one of the efforts to enlarge the efficiency of Armed Forces. Of course, operational control is little control of the sovereign personnel, logistics, administration, discipline, organizing, training, etc. It does not control all matters. The current ROK Combined Forces Command itself is made with reference to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO). If we insist our own sovereignty is infringed because of OPCON, that claim is coated in irreparable damage to the national interest.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

The Military Demarcation Line(MDL) divided the two Koreas when armistice agreement was signed in 1953, July 27 but there was no regulation for the sea border. Since then, The North has constantly denied the legitimacy of the sea border, which has remained the inter-Korean maritime border. But the armistice agreement has been virtual maritime demarcation line for the avoidance of hostilities on the Korean Peninsula and maintain and manage the armistice system peacefully. Therefore we should strengthen the Korea's sovereignty over the NLL by tightening the effective control.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.241-261
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• 2014

The main objective of this research was to grasp using a structure equation analysis if an auxiliary police officer unit's measure of getting rid of assault gets to their adaptation to the unit through stress factor to reveal the cause of an auxiliary police officer unit's adaptation to unit. The data used for the research is survey data of all auxiliary police officer belonging to Ulsan Metropolitan Police Agency in 2011. The result of structure equation analysis showed that the mediated effect through stress was statistically meaningful in the level of p<.001. Also, the result of confirming the size of effect through standardized regression coefficients was that the effect of stress upon the adjustment to units was higher than the effect of unit's measure of getting rid of assault. Namely, unit's measure of getting rid of assault has a positive effect upon a conscripted policemen unit's adaptation to unit, but it showed that an auxiliary police officer unit's adaptation to unit had the bigger individual stress factor than that of unit's measure of getting rid of assault. From this, authorities should recognize that an auxiliary police officer's stress is a cause to determine their adaptation to units, and prepare its alternative.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.577-589
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• 2018

The future of ROK-US alliance has not been discussed in detail by both governments since early 2000s. However, it is becoming more apparent that ROK-US alliance is facing various daunting challenges. The new administrations both in ROK and US might have different perspectives about the future of alliance. In the process of resolving outstanding North Korean nuclear issue, the alliance can face challenges to change its fundamental features such as halting joint military exercise. ROK-US governments also agreed to transfer wartime operational control as soon as possible. All those factors indicates the growing necessity to articulate the future of ROK-US alliance. ROK and US needs to facilitate to dialogue for future alliance with the possible scenarios of changing security environment such as maintaining status quo, reconciliation of North and South Korea, and entering the reunification stage. In each phase, ROK-US has to develop the goal for the alliance, military institution to implement the alliance, role of USFK, and etc. It is imperative to develop the road map for future ROK-US alliance at this stage to avoid unnecessary folly.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.3_1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2015

The military technological surprise has been delivered in many warfares as a surprise tactic. It can be used both strategic and tactical level. As the weapon systems have been escalated their capabilities by the modern science and technology advancement, the possibility of technological surprise has been increased. Technological surprise can spring from sources like scientific breakthrough in the laboratory, rapid fielding of known technology, and new operational use of an existing weapon and technology. There are 2 types of surprise, known surprises are those which the nation should have known but did not adequately prepare, and surprising surprises are those which the nation might have known but which were buried among other possibilities. The nine cases of modern technological surprises are presented and the sources and types are analyzed. The recommendations for the ROK MND to prepare for the future technological surprises are proposed.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

The U.S.-China Relations could be analyzed two perspectives and their basis under major international p olitics theory-power transition with conditions: (1) North Korean's nuclear puzzle, (2) THAAD in the Kor ean Peninsula and (3) the U.S.-ROK Alliance. One perspective is the global order dominates the regional order, and then stable regional order comes out. The other is the regional order dominates the global ord er, and China wages a regional hegemonic conflict against the United States. Consequently, America's o verwhelming leadership in North Korean's nuclear, THAAD and U.S.-ROK Alliance as national power is expected to endure. But China also has expected empowerment and cooperation for the peace and stabilit y on the Korean Peninsula military problems. In this perspective, South Korea needs to pay attention to the changing power distribution and competition between the U.S. and China and needs to strengthen a balancing and harmonious diplomatic strategy, so called 'see-saw diplomacy'.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.221-230
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• 2020

The effects-based operation, which would reduce unnecessary efforts and meaningless sacrifices incurred during a war and simultaneously reach the will of the enemy leadership by strategic attacks, was discarded for the reason that it was difficult to apply it to military power except for airpower. However, cyberspace, which can be thoroughly logical and calculated, can be suitable for conducting effects-based operations. This study examined a way to carry out effects-based operations in such cyberspaces. It laid the foundation for overcoming the limitations of effects-based operations revealed in previous battle cases and executing the operations in cyber battlespace where the boundary between physical and cyberspaces gradually disappeared. Futhermore, it demonstrated that effects-based operations could be carried out in cyberspace by establishing a military strategy, which could conduct the operations through an analysis of previous cyber-attack cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.214-218
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• 2012

China has definitely been arising as the world's most powerful nation. By looking at general national power it seems that China's national prestige in 2011 is already way beyond Asia and even it closely catches up with the United States which is the most powerful nation over the world. The United states-centered world political order has begun to struggle by China's growth. Moreover, there has been an earnest competition arisen for the east-Asia sea supremacy between previous U.S. hegemony and arising China's power. East-Asia's ocean is the stage for this strife and it grows more serious. At this point, South Korea, one of the east-Asia country seeking the nation's stability and prosperity through its ocean, has come under the influence of this strife among the super powers of the world. The Author will closely examine the backgrounds and future opportunities of military competition between U.S. and China to analyze the influence of the power competition towards the security status of east-Asia especially South Korea.