• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.945-948
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• 2006

Chloride penetration into concrete is a hot issue of concern all over the world, notwithstanding, very few attempts have been conducted to explore the effect of cracks on choride penetration. Cracks provoke to lose a main function of watertightness of concrete and lead to reduce the service life of concrete. For this reason, it is necessary to define a critical crack width to prevent a quick chloride penetration through crack. In this study, experiment is focused on establishing a critical crack width in terms of chloride penetration. Concrete specimens with different crack widths I crack lengths have been subjected to rapid chloride migration testing. In a side of analytical solution, a simple approach to quantify the chloride diffusion coefficient of only crack zone excluding sound concrete was proposed. The result clearly showed a critical crack width of 0.03 mm. Based on the experimental results, a phenomenological model was proposed to explain the meaning of critical crack width in practical engineering. In this model, cracked concrete zone was divided into three zones. These zones corresponded to a wide crack, a zone with micro-cracks and an uncracked zone.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.7C
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• pp.696-703
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• 2002

In traditional approaches to IN load control, there has been a focus on the protection of individual SCPs. On the other hand, the load control of network level can be achieved by using a mobile agent technology, which is a software element responsible for moving from one system to another and performing their task. In this thesis, we propose an mobile agent mechanism and two mobile agent migration procedures and analyze the performance of the Call Gapping mechanism and the mobile agent mechanism. The mobile agent mechanism showed that the SCP load control rate and attempt the number of attempted call failure were better than those of Call Gapping mechanism. Also, the amount of SS NO.7 traffics was reduced in the case of an overload condition.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.313-317
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• 2019

Bats influence overall ecosystem health by regulating species diversity and being a major source of zoonotic viruses. Hence, there is a need to elucidate their migration, population structure, and phylogenetic relationship. The complete mitochondrial genome is widely used for studying the genome-level characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of various animals due to its high mutation rate, simple structure, and maternal inheritance. In this study, we determined the complete mitogenome sequence of the bird-like noctule (Nyctalus aviator) by Illumina next-generation sequencing. The sequences obtained were used to reconstruct a phylogenic tree of Vespertilionidae to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship among its members. The mitogenome of N. aviator is 16,863-bp long with a typical vertebrate gene arrangement, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 putative control region. Overall, the nucleotide composition is as follows: 32.3% A, 24.2% C, 14.3% G, and 29.2% T, with a slight AT bias (61.5%). The base composition of the 13 PCGs is as follows: 30.3% A, 13.4% G, 31.0% T, and 25.2% C. The phylogenetic analysis, based on 13 concatenated PCG sequences, infers that N. aviator is closely related to N. noctula with a high bootstrap value (100%).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2023

Wetlands are very critical for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems, while also serving as the breeding/ nesting/ resting grounds for water birds. Generally, wetlands support both resident and migratory birds, thus serving as connecting dots in the global flyways. The Rajasthan state of India has two Ramsar sites (Keoladeo National Park and Sambhar Lake) and many other water bodies/wetlands. However, most of these areas are segregated in the eastern, southeastern, southern, and northern parts. In the western part of Rajasthan, where lies the Great Indian or Thar desert, there are no such reported prominent wetlands drawing attention towards a substantial number of resident and migratory water birds. The author is an Indian Forest Service officer, who was posted in the Thar Desert region and during that time had identified a hidden wetland in the desert landscape. This study deliberates on the wetland location and its faunal diversity with prospects of developing the area as a proper wetland conservation zone. India is a signatory to the Central Asian Flyway of migratory species and serves as an important member in terms of having significant wetlands and reported migratory birds count. The need of preserving and bring the arid zone's hidden wetlands to the forefront can serve as an important tool to conserve water birds and comply with worldwide bird migration conservation efforts.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.5
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• pp.343-360
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze and characterize to simulate routing observations on end-to-end routing circuits and a ping experiment of a virtual network after modeling, such as IPv6 migration, an OSPFv3 routing experiment based on an IPv6 environment, and a ping experiment for IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack networks and IPv6 network for OSPFv3 routing using IPv6 planning and operations in an OPNET Modeler. IPv6 deployment based largely on the integrated wired and wireless network was one of the research tasks at hand. The previous studies' researchers recommended that future research work be done on the explicit features of both OSPFv3 and EIGRP protocols in the IPv4/IPv6 environment, and more research should be done to explore how to improve the end-to-end IPv6 performance. Also, most related work was performed with an IPv4 environment but lacked studies related to the OSPFv3 virtual network based on an end-to-end IPv6 environment. Hence, this research continues work in previous studies in analyzing IPv6 migration, an OSPFv3 routing experiment based on IPv6, and a ping experiment for IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack networks and IPv6 network for OSPFv3 routing. In the not too distant future, before enabling the default IPv6, it would help to understand network design and deployment based on an IPv6 environment through IPv6 planning and operations for the end-user perspective such as success or failure of connection on IPv6 migration, exploration of an OSPFv3 routing circuit based on an end-to-end IPv6 environment, and a ping experiment for IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack networks and IPv6 network for OSPFv3 routing. We were able to observe an optimal route for modeling of an end-to-end virtual network through simulation results as well as find what appeared to be a fast ping response time VC server to ensure Internet quality of service better than an HTTP server.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.5-10
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to measure a gravitational attraction about urban pulbic service facilities and to evaluate the location of public service facilities. It is important in that these facilities should provide more inexpensive and convenience public service to users. To do this, the GIS's spatial analysis and gravity model were used to analyze the efficiency of the public facilities. The gravity model was conducted as the main analysis method, and another model for this analysis was the discrete model. The gravity model is originally to anticipate migration flows, traffic flows and other types of movements so that this model compares the gravitational attraction between places. The discrete model is to find the optimal location and to evaluate a location of facility regarding urban areas as the combination of node and link. In this research, these two models were adopted to compare and analyze location of Mapo-Gu Office. The results of this research indicated that the locational evaluation of urban public service facilities discovered the appropriateness of those facilities, and the public facilities was necessary to displace to other site.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.345-353
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• 2021

Cloud computing represent a new era of computing that's forms through the combination of service-oriented architecture (SOA), Internet and grid computing with virtualization technology. Virtualization is a concept through which every cloud is enable to provide on-demand services to the users. Most IT service provider adopt cloud based services for their users to meet the high demand of computation, as it is most flexible, reliable and scalable technology. Energy based performance tradeoff become the main challenge in cloud computing, as its acceptance and popularity increases day by day. Cloud data centers required a huge amount of power supply to the virtualization of servers for maintain on- demand high computing. High power demand increase the energy cost of service providers as well as it also harm the environment through the emission of CO₂. An optimization of cloud computing based on energy-performance tradeoff is required to obtain the balance between energy saving and QoS (quality of services) policies of cloud. A study about power usage of resources in cloud data centers based on workload assign to them, says that an idle server consume near about 50% of its peak utilization power [1]. Therefore, more number of underutilized servers in any cloud data center is responsible to reduce the energy performance tradeoff. To handle this issue, a lots of research proposed as energy efficient algorithms for minimize the consumption of energy and also maintain the SLA (service level agreement) at a satisfactory level. VM (virtual machine) consolidation is one such technique that ensured about the balance of energy based SLA. In the scope of this paper, we explore reinforcement with fuzzy logic (RFL) for VM consolidation to achieve energy based SLA. In this proposed RFL based active VM consolidation, the primary objective is to manage physical server (PS) nodes in order to avoid over-utilized and under-utilized, and to optimize the placement of VMs. A dynamic threshold (based on RFL) is proposed for over-utilized PS detection. For over-utilized PS, a VM selection policy based on fuzzy logic is proposed, which selects VM for migration to maintain the balance of SLA. Additionally, it incorporate VM placement policy through categorization of non-overutilized servers as- balanced, under-utilized and critical. CloudSim toolkit is used to simulate the proposed work on real-world work load traces of CoMon Project define by PlanetLab. Simulation results shows that the proposed policies is most energy efficient compared to others in terms of reduction in both electricity usage and SLA violation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2007

This study aims to develop rural house maintenance technique by researching and analyzing the demand for rural house by urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire. The target for the survey consisted of urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire at the ages between 40 and 65, and were divided into group A, the attendants in rural-related education, and group B, the non-attendants in rural-related education. The contents of the survey included the plan and purpose for rural settlement, the utilization form or residential form of rural house and its expected size, necessary in-house facilities, necessary community facilities, improvement and maintenance factors of rural house, political and legal support for the application of rural house maintenance, etc. The results findings of this study are as follows; 1)For both group, the major purpose of rural settlement appeared to be 'for rural life', utilization form of rural house to be 'acquired ownership or use of empty house', residential form to be 'cohabitation', expected size to be 'under $20{\sim}30$ pung', and expenditure to be 'under $50{\sim}100\;million$'. 2)Most wanted necessary in-house facilities included backyard, multipurpose storage room for group A, and backyard, garden for group B. Necessary community facilities included boardwalk, sewage disposal unit for group A, and boardwalk, shop for group B. 3)Improvement factor for rural house showed 'poor insulation' as first factor for both groups, and for maintenance factor, 'backyard', 'under-floor heating' for group A, and 'environmental-friendly materials', 'backyard' for group B. 4)Most wanted overall political and legal support included 'support on land and real estate supply' for group A, and 'medical and transportation service' for group B. For both group, most wanted support when purchasing a house included 'provision of information on house and realestate purchase', and for legal support, 'legal support for guaranteed house and maintenance' as first factor. The results of this study could be utilized to restructure the rural residence, which would meet the diverse demand of both rural residents and urbanites by providing an opportunity for urbanites to enjoy rural life.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.171-194
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• 2012

This study focuses on immigrant women who are married to Korean men and who live in a multicultural family situation in Gyeonggi-do. These women experience acculturative stress and marital conflict and this study aims to determine how social support seeks to mediate the effects of those stressors. The women in this study participated in activities and received services from one of Gyeonggi-do Province's civic organizations, religious organizations, or social service organizations, such as the Social Welfare Agency and the Multicultural Family Support Center. In order to verify the study's hypothesis, the researchers used the following statistical analytical methods : t-test, two-way ANOVA and multi-regression analysis. Analysis of the study's results showed that the highest degree of marital conflict was found in the sub-zones and variables that were personal. Those variable were : the difference in mindset and values (personal domain), economic problems (communal living area), a child's upbringing and education issues (third party area), and the participant's sex life (in the marital relationship). The hypothesis was tested using the research model validation and the results are summarized as follows. First, in order to analyze the relationship between the marriage migration females' acculturative stress and the impact of that stress on marriage conflict, the hierarchical regression analysis was used. It identified that a direct correlation existed between acculturative stress and marriage conflict; where a higher degree of acculturative stress was present, a higher degree of marriage conflict was found. Second, the study found a statistical significance in the correlation and relationship (${\beta}$=.208, p<0.05) between the acculturative stress of the marriage migration female and material support. In other words, the material support can be seen as having a moderating effect on the acculturative stress, which is the independent variable, and the marital conflict, which is the dependent variable.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Panax ginseng (Ginseng or Korean ginseng) is one of the most important medicinal herbs in the world. We made a high-quality whole genome sequence of P. ginseng using 'Chunpoong' cultivar, which is the first cultivar registered in Korea Seed and Variety Service (KSVS) with relatively similar genotypes and superior phenotypes, representing approximately 3 Gbp and 60,000 genes. Genome sequence analyses of P. ginseng and related speciesrevealed the origin of Korean ginseng and the ecological adaptation of 18 Panax species around the world. Korean ginseng and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) are tetraploid species having 24 chromosome pairs, while the other 16 species are diploid species with 12 chromosome pairs. Panax and Aralia are the closest genera belonging to the Araliaceae family that diverged approximately 8 million years ago (MYA). All Panax species evolved as shade plants adapting to cool climates and low light conditions under the canopy of deep forests from Southeast Asia such as Vietnam to Northeast Asia such as Russia approximately 6 MYA. However, through recurrent ice ages and global warming, most diploid Panax species disappeared due to the freezing winter, while tetraploid P. ginseng may have appeared by allotetraploidization, which contributed to the adaptation to cold temperaturesin Northeast Asian countries including the Korea peninsula approximately 2 MYA. American ginseng evolved by the adaptation of P. ginseng in Northeast America after the intercontinental migration 1 MYA. Meanwhile, most of diploid Panax species survived in high-altitude mountains over 1,600 meters in Southeast Asia because they could not endure the hot temperature and freezing cold. The genome sequence provides good basisto unveil the origin and evolution of ginseng and also supports practical gene chips which is useful for breeding and the ginseng industry.