• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.359-368
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• 1999

Background : The purpose of this study was to determine whether cleansing the perineum and urethral meatus and using midstream urine affect the rate of bacterial contamination of urine specimens, and to determine the optimum urine collection method. We studied 41 asymptomatic healthy nursing school students. Women who were menstruating were not excluded from this study. Method : The first and midstream urine samples were collected during consecutive urinationsby each woman. The first sample was not a clean-catch specimen, and the second one was a clean-catch specimen. Both specimens were studied by urinalysis and bacterial culture with standard methods. Results : 41 women met the study criteria and 39 successfully completed the study. None of the urine cultures were positive. 68.3% of the non clean-catch first urine cultures, 53.7% of the non clean-catch midstream cultures, 33.3% of the first clean-catch urine culteres and 30.8% of the midstream clean-catch urine were found to be contaminated. There was a significant difference in the bacterial contamination rates between the first and midstream urine, and the clean-catch and non clean-catch urine(p=0.035, p =0.001 respectively). On urinalysis, 7.3% of the non clean-catch first urine, 7.3% of the non clean-catch midstream urine, 2.6% of the clean-catch first urine and 2.6% of clean-catch midstream urine were found to be above grade 2. Conclusions : According to our results, the bacterial contamination rate was the lowest in midstream and clean catch urine specimens. Threrfore it is recommended that the midstream clean-catch technique is the standard practice for collecting urine specimens for bacterial culture in women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.619-628
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• 2022

In general, as a method to confirm a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a medical institutions, urine culture including a urinalysis and an antimicrobial susceptibility test is performed. It is important to disinfect the area around the urethra and perineum before collecting urine samples, and it is important to collect it intermediate urine, not the first-void urine. We invented a patent urine cup (Patent No. 10-1732843) that can automatically and easily separate first-void urine and midstream urine and using this, the patent cup and the general cup were compared and evaluated using this. Nitrite (P<0.001), WBC (P=0.005), Bacterial colony count (P=0.001), colony positivity rate (P=0.004) in first-void urine (N=24), midstream urine (N=24) separated by patent cup to obtain a significantly higher value. This can be seen from the fact that the first-void urine and midstream urine separated using the patent cup were well separated. Also, the number of Bacterial colonies was statistically significantly higher in the midstream urine isolated using a patent cup (N=24) than in the midstream urine collected using a general cup (N=24) (average 7.9 vs. 4.0 on average, P= 0.002). Which means that the midstream urine separated using the patent cup is more sensitive to the UTI test than the midstream urine collected using a general cup.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4931-4933
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• 2012

Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of hematuria as a screening test for urinary bladder infiltration in cervical cancer patients with a prospective study design. Materials and Methods: Newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients at Srinagarind hospital from 14 June 2011 to 30 April 2012 were enrolled in this study. We collected midstream urine samples for urinalysis from every patient before routine cystoscopic exam for clinical staging. The presence of 3 or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high power field was defined as positive for hematuria. A two-by-two table was used to determine the diagnostic performance of hematuria to detect urinary bladder mucosal infiltration using cystoscopy and biopsy as the gold standard. Result: A total of 130 were patients included, 54 of which (41.5%) had hematuria. Of these, four patients (3.08%) had pathological report from cystoscopic biopsy confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of hematuria as a screening test to detect urinary bladder mucosal infiltration of cervical cancer were 100%, 60.3%, 7.4%, 100%, and 61.5%, respectively. There was no single case of urinary bladder mucosal infiltration in patients initially staged less than stage III. Conclusions: Hematuria can be used as a screening test to detect urinary bladder mucosal infiltration of cervical cancer. This can reduce the number of cervical cancer patients who really need to undergo cystoscopy as a staging procedure to less than half and to less than 20% if stage III or more were included without missing a single case of urinary bladder mucosal infiltration.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2010

Purpose : We investigated the causative organism and its antibiotic susceptibility of community acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in children at a secondary hospital to test the adequacy of the current guidelines. Methods : Children diagnosed with UTI at the Department of Pediatrics, Kwandong University MyMyongji Hospital by pyuria and bacterial growth of greater than $1.0{\times}10^5CFU/mL$ on clean catch midstream urine from January 2005 to December 2008 were studied retrospectively. The epidemiologic data, causative organism, and the antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed. Results : Sixty two children were diagnosed with sixty four cases of UTI's. Two bacteria were isolated in one case and thus data on 65 urine cultures were analyzed. The male:female ratio was 1.6:1 and 78.1% were less than 12 months of age. Escherichia coli was the predominant cause consisting of 53 cases (82.8%) of the cases. K. pneumoniae (5), Enterobacter (4), Enterococcus (1), $\beta$-streptococcus (1), Diphtheroides (1) were isolated. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli were as follows; ampicillin 69.8%, cefotaxime 1.9%, gentamicin 15.1%, amikacin 0.0%, levofloxacin 1.9%, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 26.4 %. Only one case of the E. coli was extended spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Conclusion : Compared to prior reports from other tertiary hospitals in Korea, E. coli was the predominant cause in childhood UTI and the rate of ESBL positivity was low. The antibiotic resistance was also different compared to prior reports. We conclude that a difference in the cause and antibiotic resistance of childhood UTI exists between centers and this should be taken into consideration when prescribing antibiotics for childhood UTIs.