• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.424-435
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined knowledge about cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and its relationship to health behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal women were recruited from outpatient departments of four hospitals. The women were $60.69{\pm}6.5$ years old. Self-reported questionnaires were administered, and waist-hip ratios (WHR) were measured. Results: Among the women, 72.8% reported hypertension, 19.1% reported diabetes, 33.8% reported hypercholesterolemia, and 24.2% reported angina pectoris. Moreover, 73.9% of the women reported not knowing of CVD prevention, and only 26.1% reported exercising regularly. A majority of the women (80.9%) had a WHR > 0.85. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age and marital status indicated that the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke increased (p<.001). Waist-hip ratio${\leq}0.85$ (p=.022) and living with family members (p=.006) were significant predictors of healthier behaviors ($R^2$=0.21, p<.001). Knowledge of CVD and health behaviors were not correlated. Conclusion: Obese women and women who live alone are no more likely to practice health behaviors aimed at CVD prevention than their counterparts in the sample. Education and exercise interventions are needed, especially for obese women, to promote healthy behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.947-961
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between metabolic syndrome and oral diseases in the middle aged and elderly in Korea. Methods: The study subjects were 6,390 people over 40 years old from 2010 and 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey questionnaire consisted of health, nutrition, and oral examination surveys. The independent variables included general characteristics, health behavior, oral health behavior, and metabolic syndrome. The dependent variables included dental caries experience and periodontal disease. The oral examination was carried out by the dentist based on World Health Organization standard. Results: The average prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome MS was 23.79%, including 54.84% of risk group and 21.37% of normal group. The missing teeth rate was 82.38%, DMFT rate was 90.28% and the periodontal disease rate was 33.15%. Those having abnormal fasting blood glucose had 1.17 fold(95% CI: 1.00~1.37) higher periodontal disease than the normal group. The abnormal HDL cholesterol group had 1.25 times higher odds ratio(95% CI: 1.07~1.46) and the obese group had 1.27 times higher odds ratio(95% CI: 1.07~1.51). The risk group had 1.20 times higher odds ration(95% CI: 1.00~1.44) and that of the metabolic syndrome group was 1.60 times higher(95% CI: 1.29~1.97) in periodontal disease. The high blood pressure group had 1.25 times of missing teeth prevalence rate(95% CI: 1.00~1.37). The metabolic syndrome group had 1.47 times of missing teeth prevalence rate(95% CI: 1.11~1.94). Conclusions: The middle aged and elderly people in Korea had higher rate of metabolic syndrome and oral disease. It is necessary to implement the preventive oral health examination for the control of metabolic syndrome and oral diseases prevalence.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.675-686
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• 2005

It is known that appropriate exercise changes body composition and improves coronary artery disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between aerobic exercise, body composition, and the blood lipid levels in the middle-aged women(33 to 54 years old). The 57 subjects were divided into two groups based on their exercise: the aerobic exercise group(A group: 44) which performed at about $60\%$ of $VO_2max$ during over 6 months and the sedentary one(S group: 13). The percentages of body fat waist/hip ratio(WHR), body mass, and lean body mass of two groups were measured and compared in serum HDLC level and oxidized LDL level, the two most effective factors of coronary artery disease. The subjects in A group showed the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. The body mass and lean body mass of A group subjects were higher than those of S group subjects. The serum HDL-C level$(58.6\pm12.7mg/mL)$ was significantly higher for A than S group subjects.(p<0.05) The sem ox-LDL level $(6.64\pm4.11Eu/mL)$ for A group subjects was lower than S group ones. The fat mass showed significantly positive correlations with atherogenic index(AI)(r=0.301, p<0.05), and with blood glucose levels(r=0.334, p<0.05). Also the WHR whowed significantly positive correlations with LDL-C levels(r=0.277, p<0.05), and with AI(r=0.466, p<0.01). In summary, the subjects in A group have the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. Also, A group subject showed a tendency that exercise enhances serum HDL-C levels and decreases oxidized LDL levels. And aerobic exercise showed positive results which change body composition and improve blood lipid levels. There were significantly positive correlations among the percentages of body fat At and blood glucose level. These results suggest that moderately intensive exercise is a significant factor in reducing coronary artery disease.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2003

To identify osteoporosis and examine the relationship between health behavior and the self-efficacy of middle-aged women, a descriptive survey was conducted. The subjects were 465 healthy female residents of Kyunggido, Korea, who underwent ultrasound measurement and a health examination at the Kangmeung-Ci Health Center between July and August 2000. They were 40 to 60 years old, with a mean age of 46.7 years. The subjects completed a self-reported questionnaire that consisted of seven items concerning health behavior and twelve items concerning self-efficacy related to osteoporosis. Bone density was evaluated from ultrasound measurements of the right heel. All the data were analyzed using the program SAS-PC. The study found that the mean T score related to bone density was -1.30, and ranged from -3.52 to 3.06. Based on the T score, 74.8% of the subjects were normal, 12.9% had osteopenia, and 12.3% had osteoporosis. The mean osteoporosis self-efficacy score was 41.17 and ranged from 12 to 60. Osteoporosis self-efficacy differed significantly with health behavior related to health supplementary food (t=5.63, p=.018), exercise (t=6.65, p=.010), alcohol drinking(t=10.80, p=.001), and smoking (t=10.23, p=.001). A community-based health promotion program should be developed to prevent osteoporosis in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2000

Lifestyle and dietary behavior intervention as the primary prevention of lipid disorder seems safe and compatible with other treatments of cardiovascular diseases. Cross-sectional associations between lifestyle factors and dietary behavioral factors with plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were analyzed in 189 middle-aged men in Suwon, Korea. Overnight fasting plasma levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose were analyzed. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were also measured. Lifestyle factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption and frequency of physical exercise were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. Questions regarding dietary behavior were also asked. The subjects were 43.8%${\pm}$7.9 years old, and 23.8%${\pm}$2.6kg/m$^2$. From stepwise regression analyses, significant correlates with total cholesterol level were body mass index(BMI), alcohol intake(negative), age and coffee drinking(model R$^2$=14.3%). BMI, breakfast-skipping, age, and sleeping hours were significant for triacylglycerol level(model R$^2$=15.8%). BMI, alcohol drinking(negative), age, and coffee drinking were significant for low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(model R$^2$=11.7%). Age(negative), BMI(negative), alcohol drinking, stress level(negative), physical exercise, and cigarette smoking(negative) were significant for high-density lipoprotein(HDL)(model R$^2$=12.1%). From stepwise regression analyses, excluding BMI and age as factors in the model, alcohol intake(negative) and coffee drinking were significantly correlated with total cholesterol level(model R$^2$=4.4%) : breakfast-skipping with triacylglycerol(model R$^2$=3.2%) : alcohol intake (negative) with LDL level(model R$^2$=3.4%) : alcohol intake, physical exercise and stress level(negative) with HDL level(model R$^2$=6.3%). The findings suggest that a healthy daily lifestyle and dietary behavior may have an anti-atherogenic effect by altering plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in middle-aged Korean men. (J Community Nutrition 2(2) : 119∼128, 2000)

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.467-475
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship andropause symptoms, stress, self-esteem and quality of life among middle-aged men. The data were collected from Jun to August 2017. The subjects were 40 to 60 year old males residing in Y city and 198 questionnaires were analyzed. A menopausal man's quality of life was significantly different according to final education, monthly income, exercise status, the scores of quality of life was negatively correlated with those of andropause symptoms and stress, but positively correlated with those of self-esteem. The result of adding six variables that have significantly different quality of life, factors influencing quality of life are self-esteem, stress, andropause symptoms, monthly income and analysis result, explaining 52.3% of the variance. Therefor, The results of this study through repeated research in the future, it will contribute to the development and application of a nursing arbitration program to improve the quality of life for men in menopause.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.184-192
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the body composition, muscle circumference, and muscle activity of men in their 30s and 50s when the resistance exercise program was applied for 12 weeks, and to provide basic data for the preparation of the resistance exercise program for middle-aged men before entering old age. Nine men in their 30s and eleven 11 men in their 50s participated in the moderate intensity resistance exercise program for 12 weeks. Two weeks before the experiment, body composition, muscle circumference, and EMG were pre-tested, and then body composition and muscle circumference were additionally measured at the 8th week. Body composition, muscle circumference, and EMG were measured within 2 weeks after the 12 week exercise program. The measured data were compared and analyzed by Mixed design two-way ANOVA, and the following results were obtained. The body composition showed a significant difference only in the skeletal muscle mass, and it increased in the 30s group at 8 weeks. Muscle circumference did not show significant difference according to group and time. Muscle activity showed a significant difference according to group and time, and pectoralis major and triceps brachii showed a significant decrease to 30s group. The pectoralis major was higher in the 30s group at all times. In summary, when applying a 12-week resistance exercise program for young men and middle-aged men, the effect of improving muscle strength may appear similar, but they are not consistent, and it is thought that gradual changes in training variables are needed to improve muscle mass.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2024

This study utilized data from 1,068 women aged 40-59, drawn from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted in 2020, to investigate factors impacting subjective health perception and health-related quality of life. Methodologically, STATA 15.0 was employed for complex sample mean and standard deviation calculations, complex sample weighted percentages, complex sample t-tests, and multiple regression analyses. Common factors influencing both subjective health and health-related quality of life included education level, household size, depression, and stress. Age, binge drinking, and physical activity were identified as factors influencing subjective health perception. Insurance type, employment status, and sleep disorders emerged as factors impacting health-related quality of life. Recognizing middle age as a crucial transitional phase into old age, the development of health policy programs aimed at enhancing subjective health and health-related quality of life during this period is deemed essential.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was to identify the changes of body fat, blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid of middle and old aged women after participation in exercise program which includes aerobic(dance sports) and anaerobic(dumbbell gymnastics) exercises. Methods: One hundred women aged from 55 to 72 were surveyed before and after an exercise program. The exercise program was provided to the subjects performed during 6 months from July, 2007 to December, 2007 at a public health subcenter in Gumi City. Questionnaire survey for general characteristics, anthropometric measurement and blood test were taken before starting the program and anthropometric measurement and blood test after completing the program. Results: Body Weight, body fat and blood pressure showed significant change after the exercise program(p<0.05). Additionally in total glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride significant change was observed(p>0.05). Waite circumference decreased, however did not show statistically significant difference. Conclusions: It was effective to participate in dance sports and dumbbell gymnastics exercise regularly. All of the positive changes through the study showed that there should be the program for middle and old aged women to exercise actively and also the middle and old aged women need have a active exercise habits as regular as possible. Additional studies confirming the results of this study are needed to compare the effects of the dance sports and dumbbell gymnastics exercise on the other age groups.