• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.664-678
• /
• 2017

Purpose: To identify the effectiveness of policy evaluation, consistent monitoring is necessary. This study aimed to carry out mid-term evaluation of objectives and programs related to comprehensive plans for sodium intake reduction by 2020 for Seoul city and then reestablish the objectives of the sodium intake reduction plans. Methods: Literature reviews, data analysis, and reviews of expert focus-groups were performed to evaluate objectives, to develop a new goal, and to identify the priority subjects of the sodium intake reduction programs. In order to examine target populations for the programs, awareness and behaviors related to sodium intakes among Seoul citizens were examined by sex, age, and income level using the 2008~2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results: Current objectives of the sodium intake reduction plan by 2020 for Seoul city were not appropriate, so objectives were reset to 3,600 mg of sodium intake by 2020 among Seoul citizens with 2% reduction per year. Although sodium intake showed a decreasing trend by year, it was still high, especially in men. The sodium intake reduction programs currently in progress have not been assessed at multiple levels across multiple sectors and have only been assessed fragmentarily. For dietary behavior related to sodium intakes by sex, age, and income level, sodium intake was higher in the group with less than 100 g of fruit intake compared to the group with 100 g or more. Subjects aged 30~59 years and the low household income group showed relatively higher sodium intakes. Based on the data analysis and the expert review, the priority subject of the sodium intake reduction programs was determined to be adult men. In terms of a program strategy for sodium intake reduction, multi-level and setting approaches, including work sites, home, and restaurants, were suggested to reduce sodium intakes of the target subject. Conclusion: The suggested objectives should be consistently monitored by data analysis, and the determined programs need to be phased in over 5 years.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 2009

Background: Although high efficiency of conversion into sinus rhythm has been demonstrated after performing the Cox-Maze procedure in patients with atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease, the changes in the mechanical function and size of the left atrium have not been determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the Maze procedure on the left atrial size and contractile transport function. Material and Method: From July 1997 to July 2008, 647 consecutive patients were operated on for chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. Among these, 211 patients that (1) were able to be followed up for 2 years after surgery, (2) had sustained normal sinus rhythm, regardless of whether they were taking anti-arrhythmic medications and (3) did not have valvular regurgitation greater than grade III or they did not have moderate grade valvular stenosis were selected for evaluation. The left atrial size and contractile transport function were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at the postoperative base line (1 year) and at regular follow-up periods (2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 6 year). Result: The left atrial dimension was increased and the contractile transport function was decreased during the follow-up period. The longer the follow-up period, the greater was the statistical significance of the left atrial size increase and contractile transport function decrease. Conclusion: In patients who sustain normal sinus rhythm conversion after a Maze III procedure with a mitral valve operation, there is a gradual increase of the left atrial dimensions and a decrease of contractile transport function during the follow-up period. Therefore, scrupulous follow-up is needed for these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.498-504
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes, and the complications of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using a fixed bearing prosthesis after 5-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six knees (25 patients) that underwent fixed bearing UKA between May 2003 and August 2011 were included. The subjects were 3 males (3 knees) and 22 females (23 knees), and the average age was 63.5 years. The preoperative diagnosis was osteoarthritis (23 knees) and osteonecrosis (3 knees). The mean follow-up duration was 67 months (from 60 to 149 months). The clinical evaluation included pre- and postoperative American knee society knee and function score, and range of motion. The radiology evaluation included standing antero-posterior, lateral view, and fluoroscopic film to analyze the postoperative alignment and osteolysis. Results: The mean American Knee Society knee score and function score were improved from 42.0 and 57.5 to 87.9 and 85.0, respectively (p<0.001). The mean preoperative and postoperative range of motion was $132.9^{\circ}$ and $132.5^{\circ}$, respectively. The mean femorotibial angle were varus $0.5^{\circ}$ preoperatively and valgus $2.2^{\circ}$ postoperatively. A radiolucent line was observed in 2 knees; one knee had a stable implant, while in the other knee, patellofemoral arthritis was identified during UKA. Diffuse pain of the knee joint with tenderness of the medial joint line was identified at the follow-up, so conversion to total knee arthroplasty was recommended. No other complications, such as osteolysis, infections, postoperative stiffness, and dislocation, were encountered. Conclusion: The midterm results of fixed bearing UKA were clinically and radiologically satisfactory.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.146-160
• /
• 2014

Objective: This study was performed to explore the effectiveness of community organization as a strategy for health promotion. Methods: We used data from community health interviews from 6 administrative sections (eup, myeon, or dong) with high mortality from August to October, conducted once in both 2010 and 2013 as part of the Health Plus Happiness Plus Projects based on the concept of community empowerment in Gyeongsangnam-do Province. For 2010, the study subjects comprised a systematic sampling of 220 adults from each of the six sections for a total of 1320 subjects, and for 2013, 200 from each section for a total of 1200 subjects. We compared main health behavior indicators and empowerment score between these two years. Results: Smoking prevalence in men was 47.4% in 2013, and 47.7% in 2010, respectively. Prevalence of walking 5 days or more per week was 35.6% in 2013, significantly lower than 46.2% in 2010. Also, during that period, both biennial health examination rate and biennial gastric cancer screening rate among those 40 years of age and over significantly increased from 57.7% to 63.6% and from 49.3% to 55.0%, respectively. Mean empowerment score at the community level significantly increased from 12.6 to 14.0. Conclusions: This study suggests that the three-year implementation of community organization might have helped to increase the participation rate of biennial health examinations including cancer screenings in the community. However, this was not the case for smoking cessation and walking. Further studies are needed for evidence-based health promotion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2005

Agricultural sciences field in South Korea has many strong points such as numerous researchers, establishment of research infra-structure, excellence in research competitiveness and high technological level. However, there are also many weaknesses including insufficient leadership at related societies and institutes, deficiency of the next generation research group, and insufficiency in research productivity. There are many opportunities including increasing the importance of the biotechnological industry, activating international cooperation researches, and exploring the multitude of possible research areas to be studied. However, some threats still exist, such as pressure from the government of developed countries to open the agricultural market, the decrease of specialized farms, and intensification for researches to gratify economic and social demands. To encourage research activities in the agricultural sciences field in Korea, the following actions and systems are required: 1) formulation of a mid- and a long-term research master plan, 2) development of a database on the man power in related fields, 3) activation of top-down research topics, and associated increase of individual research grants, 4) development of special national programs for basic researches in agricultural sciences, 5) organization of a committee for policy and planning within the related societies, and 6) system development for the fair evaluation of the research results.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the results of the arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL using autologous hamstring tendon and autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone. Materials and Methods: From January, 2000 to December, 2004, 120 patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon(60 cases) and autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone(BPTB)(60 cases). The mean followed up period of hamstring tendon group was 42 months(range $24{\sim}69$ months) and patellar tendon group was 52 months(range $24{\sim}84$ months). At the time of the final follow up, sixty patients in each group were evaluated the results of physical examination, activity level, patients' satisfaction, functional status, and objective anteriror stability using KT-2000 arthrometer. Results: At the time of the final follow up we compared the two groups who had ACL reconstruction using either autologous hamstring tendon or BPTB, and the final results of the Lachman test showed negative, or mildly positive in 85%(51 cases) of the hamstring tendon group and 90%(54 cases) of the BPTB group. Pivot shift test indicated positive in both groups, 8%(5 cases) and 5%(3 cases) respectively and showed no statistically significant difference. The evaluation of the anterior laxity using the KT-2000 arthrometer revealed no significant difference in the hamstring and BPTB groups: differences less than 3 mm compared to the healthy side were 85%(51 cases) and 90%(54 cases)(p>0.05). The Lysholm score improved from a preoperative score of 51 to a postoperative score of 79.1 in the hamstring groups and from 52 to 82.2 in the BPTB groups. According to the IKDC rating system, 87%(52 cases) were normal or near normal in the hamstring group. In the BPTB group, 83%(50 cases) were normal or near normal. The Tegner score for the hamstring groups was 4.8 preoperatively and 7.1 at the final follow up, and the Tegner score for the BPTB groups was 4.5 preoperatively and 7.3 after the last follow-up. The anterior knee pain was found in 7%(4 cases) in the hamstring tendon group and 10%(6 cases) in the patellar tendon group. Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using both the autologous hamstring tendon and the patellar tendon during their mid term follow up period demonstrated excellent results. However, the final results during their last follow up showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2017

These days, the concept of creating shared value is drawn keen attentions to. This interest comes out of the expectation that Creating Shared Value(CSV) can offer an answer to some social issues by creating societal and economic values on the top of the achievements that existing Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) has made. However, it is difficult to make a clear distinction between the achievements that the activities of CSR and CSV have made. In this regard, developing a methodology to make an actual proof analysis on the accomplishments of CSV and to verify customer's awareness of and attitude towards the CSV is necessarily required. A company needs to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace as well as resolve a social issue by innovating value chain. The research has verified the cause and effect relationship between the CSV from the point of view of value chain and the purchase intention aroused by its economic, societal and cultural values through the company image and credibility with actual proof analysis and come up with following results. First, a societal and cultural value resulted in giving positive impact on a company's image, which implies that CSV activities can be the thin end of the wedge through which customers have a good image of the company involved in CSV. Second, a societal value makes a positive influence on the credibility of a company. In this regard, CSV should be recognized not just as a thing that generates a cost, but a way to win-win as well as future development. Third and last, the research results show that both company image and credibility influence on purchase intention. Considering that CSV generates a positive evaluation on a company that will ultimately cause continuous profit-making, the company's ultimate goal of activities, it should be approached from the perspective of making a mid-and-long term strategy.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.788-818
• /
• 2009

Renewable energy refers to solar energy, biomass energy, hydrogen energy, wind power, fuel cell, coal liquefaction and vaporization, marine energy, waste energy, and liquidity fuel made out of byproduct of geothermal heat, hydrogen and coal; it excludes energy based on coal, oil, nuclear energy and natural gas. Developed countries have recognized the importance of these energies and thus have set the mid to long term plans to develop and commercialize the technology and supported them with drastic political and financial measures. Considering the growing recognition to the field, it is necessary to analysis up-to-now achievement of the government's related projects, in the standards of type of renewable energy, management of sectional goals, and its commercialization. Korean government is chiefly following suit the USA and British policies of developing and distributing renewable energy. However, unlike Japan which is in the lead role in solar rays industry, it still lacks in state-directed support, participation of enterprises and social recognition. The research regarding renewable energy has mainly examinedthe state of supply of each technology and suitability of specific region for applying the technology. The evaluation shows that the research has been focused on supply and demand of renewable as well as general energy and solution for the enhancement of supply capacity in certain area. However, in-depth study for commercialization and the increase of capacity in industry followed by development of the technology is still inadequate. 'Cost-benefit model for each energy source' is used in analysis of technology development of renewable energy and quantitative and macro economical effects of its commercialization in order to foresee following expand in related industries and increase in added value. First, Investment on the renewable energy technology development is in direct proportion both to the product and growth, but product shows slightly higher index under the same amount of R&D investment than growth. It indicates that advance in technology greatly influences the final product, the energy growth. Moreover, while R&D investment on renewable energy product as well as the government funds included in the investment have proportionate influence on the renewable energy growth, private investment in the total amount invested has reciprocal influence. This statistic shows that research and development is mainly driven by government funds rather than private investment. Finally, while R&D investment on renewable energy growth affects proportionately, government funds and private investment shows no direct relations, which indicates that the effects of research and development on renewable energy do not affect government funds or private investment. All of the results signify that although it is important to have government policy in technology development and commercialization, private investment and active participation of enterprises are the key to the success in the industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study is to propose a direction for creating a memorial park for the 250 students victims of the Sewol ferry disaster. To this end, this study first attempted to understand the matters discussed at various levels to create a memorial park and find a way that the park can be built by gathering opinions from the bereaved families and the victims themselves, as well as local residents, and experts. Workshops, competitions, special lectures, and websites, etc, were analyzed. A social discourse analysis methodology was used for systematic analysis, and the analyzed discourse was categorized into 4 types for assessment, and the functions and roles were subdivided into 15 types. To assess the priorities and the adequacy of the discourse, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used among 30 activists, public servants, and experts. Then, a survey was conducted to analyze the perception of the residents (467 participants including the bereaved families) about the memorial park. Based on the results of the analysis, two directions were set for the memorial park. First, is a memorial park to remember the victims in everyday life. It must be a park with various cultural contents instead of a conventional memorial park that is solemn and grave sharing anguish and sorrow. The memorial park for the Sewol ferry disaster must become a space where visitors can naturally encounter and remember the victims. Second, is a park that serves as a catalyst that brings change and innovation to the community. It must be able to bring change to the community with direct and indirect influence. It must serve as an impetus to bring change and innovation to the community in the mid-to-long-term. Having many visitors may also lead to an economic effect. These visitors may not just stay in the park, but even contribute to revitalizing the local businesses. The purpose of this study is to apply the research findings to guide the International Design Competition scheduled for 2020 and serve to establish guidelines for a continuous park management system.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.67-88
• /
• 2018

Until recently, as we recognize the significance of sustainable growth and competitiveness of small-and-medium sized enterprises (SMEs), governmental support for tangible resources such as R&D, manpower, funds, etc. has been mainly provided. However, it is also true that the inefficiency of support systems such as underestimated or redundant support has been raised because there exist conflicting policies in terms of appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of business support. From the perspective of the government or a company, we believe that due to limited resources of SMEs technology development and capacity enhancement through collaboration with external sources is the basis for creating competitive advantage for companies, and also emphasize value creation activities for it. This is why value chain network analysis is necessary in order to analyze inter-company deal relationships from a series of value chains and visualize results through establishing knowledge ecosystems at the corporate level. There exist Technology Opportunity Discovery (TOD) system that provides information on relevant products or technology status of companies with patents through retrievals over patent, product, or company name, CRETOP and KISLINE which both allow to view company (financial) information and credit information, but there exists no online system that provides a list of similar (competitive) companies based on the analysis of value chain network or information on potential clients or demanders that can have business deals in future. Therefore, we focus on the "Value Chain Network System (VCNS)", a support partner for planning the corporate business strategy developed and managed by KISTI, and investigate the types of embedded network-based analysis modules, databases (D/Bs) to support them, and how to utilize the system efficiently. Further we explore the function of network visualization in intelligent value chain analysis system which becomes the core information to understand industrial structure ystem and to develop a company's new product development. In order for a company to have the competitive superiority over other companies, it is necessary to identify who are the competitors with patents or products currently being produced, and searching for similar companies or competitors by each type of industry is the key to securing competitiveness in the commercialization of the target company. In addition, transaction information, which becomes business activity between companies, plays an important role in providing information regarding potential customers when both parties enter similar fields together. Identifying a competitor at the enterprise or industry level by using a network map based on such inter-company sales information can be implemented as a core module of value chain analysis. The Value Chain Network System (VCNS) combines the concepts of value chain and industrial structure analysis with corporate information simply collected to date, so that it can grasp not only the market competition situation of individual companies but also the value chain relationship of a specific industry. Especially, it can be useful as an information analysis tool at the corporate level such as identification of industry structure, identification of competitor trends, analysis of competitors, locating suppliers (sellers) and demanders (buyers), industry trends by item, finding promising items, finding new entrants, finding core companies and items by value chain, and recognizing the patents with corresponding companies, etc. In addition, based on the objectivity and reliability of the analysis results from transaction deals information and financial data, it is expected that value chain network system will be utilized for various purposes such as information support for business evaluation, R&D decision support and mid-term or short-term demand forecasting, in particular to more than 15,000 member companies in Korea, employees in R&D service sectors government-funded research institutes and public organizations. In order to strengthen business competitiveness of companies, technology, patent and market information have been provided so far mainly by government agencies and private research-and-development service companies. This service has been presented in frames of patent analysis (mainly for rating, quantitative analysis) or market analysis (for market prediction and demand forecasting based on market reports). However, there was a limitation to solving the lack of information, which is one of the difficulties that firms in Korea often face in the stage of commercialization. In particular, it is much more difficult to obtain information about competitors and potential candidates. In this study, the real-time value chain analysis and visualization service module based on the proposed network map and the data in hands is compared with the expected market share, estimated sales volume, contact information (which implies potential suppliers for raw material / parts, and potential demanders for complete products / modules). In future research, we intend to carry out the in-depth research for further investigating the indices of competitive factors through participation of research subjects and newly developing competitive indices for competitors or substitute items, and to additively promoting with data mining techniques and algorithms for improving the performance of VCNS.