• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2015

분유 분말의 C. sakazakii와 양파 분말의 B. cereus의 포자를 저해하는데 있어 가장 효과적인 플라즈마 형성 가스는 각각 He-$O_2$와 He이었다. 분유 분말에 대한 콜드 플라즈마 처리시간이 길어질수록 그리고 형성 전력이 높아질수록 C. sakazakii의 저해도가 커졌으며, 900W, 40분 처리시 가장 큰 저해율을 나타내었다. 양파 분말에 접종된 B. cereus 포자는 콜드 플라즈마 단독 처리와 마이크로파와 병합된 콜드 플라즈마 처리에 대하여 강한 저항력을 가지고 있었으나 열처리($90^{\circ}C$, 1분)를 두 형태의 플라즈마 처리에 선병합시켰을 때 약 90%가 저해되었다. 병합 처리한 결과, 각각의 방법을 단독으로 처리한 것보다 병합 처리시 B. cereus 포자의 저해율(약 1.0 log spores/g)이 높아졌다. 본 연구는 분체 식품에 존재하는 식중독 균의 효율적인 살균 방법을 제시하였고, 분체 식품의 새로운 살균 공정으로서의 콜드 플라즈마의 적용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2005

To increase the efficiency of an applicator during microwave hyperthermia therapy, first, the length from the antenna end to a slot is varied to get the optimal matching of the characteristic impedance at the frequency of 2.45 GHz. Using the electric and thermal constants of biological tissue, we compose a phantom to calculate temperature increment as well as the resonance characteristics and the SAR distributions. The proposed 3-slot sleeve antenna inserted in an applicator plays an effective role in increasing the therapy size in the view of heating performance as electromagnetic energy tends to concentrate on not feed point direction but treatment area. The SAR is then used in combination with a finite difference heat transfer equation to determine the temperature distribution. Also, in order to shorten treatment time and increase therapy size, a square-array structure is suggested and analyzed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2007

The surface of poly(ethylene naphthalate) film applicable to high temerature insulator for convection microwave oven was modified with silicone coating solutions in the presence of silane crosslinking agent. The structure and properties of the PEN films were investigated by using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, viscometry, microscopy, and tensile tests. The experimental results showed that the coating with silicone enhanced thermal stability up to $200^{\circ}C$, and slightly lowered the tensile strength and elongation of the PEN films. Judging from dimensional stability results the silicone coated PEN films can not be used for higher temperature insulator above $230^{\circ}C$. Serious dimensional contraction of films was obtained during heat treatment at $250^{\circ}C$ even for 1h. However, the surface of those films still have same chemical structure of silicones. Therefore, If we use PEN film prestretched at $230^{\circ}C$ as base one it will be possible to prepare a high temperature insulator up to $230^{\circ}C$. Conclusively, a silicone coated PEN film can be suitable for the application to convection microwave oven door insulator at high temperature up to $230^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2018

To improve the polarization property of cathodes, which is the main factor limiting the performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs), $K_2NiF_4-type$ $Pr_2NiO_{4+{\delta}}$, which is expected to exhibit a triple conducting property (proton, oxygen ion, and hole conductions) was applied to PCFCs and its properties were investigated. Low-temperature microwave heat-treatment was used to achieve both sufficient interface adhesion between the electrolyte and the cathode layers and suppression of the secondary phase formation due to migration of elements such as barium and cerium. Through this fabrication method, a high performance of $0.82W{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ and low ohmic resistance of $0.06{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ were obtained in an $Ni-BaCe_{0.55}Zr_{0.3}Y_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$ | $BaCe_{0.55}Zr_{0.3}Y_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$ | $Pr_2NiO_{4+{\delta}}$ single cell at $650^{\circ}C$. This result verifies that the $K_2NiF_{4+{\delta}}-type$ cathode shows good chemical compatibility which, in turn, will make it a potent candidate as a PCFC cathode.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2000

F $e_{0.8}$ $Co_{0.18}$(BN)$_{0.02}$의 구조와 자기적성질은 최대출력 3.5 kW인 고주파에 의한 아르곤 플라즈마 분위기에서 제작되었고, 제작된 시료는 상온에서의 X선 회절과 진동시료자력계를 이용한 자기이력곡선 측정 방법에 의해서 조사하였다. 시료는 수압기로 9,000 N/$cm^3$기 압력을 가하여 알약형태 제작하여 열처리와 가공처리를 네단계로 수행하였다. 첫 번째 단계에 의해서 준비된 시료의 X선 회절결과는 결정구조는 균질이며 각 시료는 동일한 결정구조를 갖는 단일결정상(single crystal phase)이며. 최종 900 $^{\circ}C$ 열처리를 통해서 시료내부에 존재하는 잔류응력이 제거된다. 롤링율과 열처리온도를 증가함으로써, 포화자화와 잔류자화는 증가하고, 보자력은 감소하는 한다. 잔류자화는 열처리에 의한 효과보다는 롤링율 과 방향에 의해서 변화의 폭이 크다. 또한 보자력은 롤링율과 방향 뿐만 아니라 열처리온도에 의해서도 영향을 받는다. 이 결과로서 롤링과 열처리효과에 의해서 시료내부에 존재하는 개재물과 잔류음력이 제거되어 자벽이동이 용이해졌음을 의미하며, 또한 롤링에 의해서 동족원자쌍 생성되어 롤링방향에 평행한 국부 유도자화용이축이 생성되었음을 의미한다.다.다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.454-484
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• 1996

There are many factors to evoke pain, for example cold, heat, seven emotion, digestion, fatigue, venemous worms, deficiency of blood etc., and its pathogenesis is complicated. Treatments for pain in oriental medicine are as follows. 1. Pharmacotherapy is a method to treat pain by different effects of herbal medicine, for example, regulating vital energy, activating blood circulation, eliminating phlegm, and dispelling the cold evil etc. 2. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy is a kind of external application, it has a distinct effect in relieving pain. Recently its operation method has been more developed, so new acupuncture therapies are used in clinics. There are electroacupuncture, auricular acupuncture and injection of drugs at an acupuncture points etc. 3. Oriental physiotherapy is a treatment method to stimulate acupuncture points and meridians. (1) Hot pack, Paraffin bath, Microwave, Ultrasound, Short wave, Infra-red etc. are used to treat cold syndrome by dispersing cold by warming the channels. (2) E.S.T., I.C.T., T.E.N.S., S.S.P., cupping treatment etc. are used to treat disorders of vital energy. (3) Health ion, Carbon, T.D.P., etc are used to treat conic and deficiency syndrome.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.480-486
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• 2015

$Pb_{1-x}MoO_4:Er^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ phosphors with various doping concentrations of $Er^{3+}$ and $Yb^{3+}$ ($x=Er^{3+}+Yb^{3+}$, $Er^{3+}=0.05$, 0.1, 0.2, and $Yb^{3+}=0.2$, 0.45) are successfully synthesized using a microwave sol-gel method, and the up-conversion photoluminescence properties are investigated. Well-crystallized particles, which are formed after heat treatment at $900^{\circ}C$ for 16 h, exhibit a fine and homogeneous morphology with particle sizes of $2-5{\mu}m$. Under excitation at 980 nm, the $Pb_{0.7}MoO_4:Er_{0.1}Yb_{0.2}$ and $Pb_{0.5}MoO_4:Er_{0.05}Yb_{0.45}$ particles exhibit a strong 525 nm emission band, a weak 550 nm emission band in the green region, and a very weak 655 nm emission band in the red region. The Raman spectra of the doped particles indicate the presence of strong peaks at higher and lower frequencies induced by the disordered structures of $Pb_{1-x}MoO_4$ through the incorporation of the $Er^{3+}$ and $Yb^{3+}$ ions into the crystal lattice, which results in the unit cell shrinkage accompanying the new phase formation of the $MoO_{4-x}$ group.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2011

Purpose: This study examined the effects of heat therapy combined with aromatherapy on pain, flexibility, sleep, and depression in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental study based upon data acquired through a pre-post test. The experimental group (n=21) was treated using an aroma-permeated hot compress applied to the knee. The cotton towel was heated in a microwave to $45^{\circ}C$, and 2~3 drops of lavender were applied on it. The towel was wrapped with plastic bag to prevent aroma leakage and retain heat. The treatment was applied the towel for 20 minutes, three times a day for 3 weeks. The control group (n=24) was not given any treatment. Data were collected using a VAS(100mm) for pain, questionnaire for sleep and depression, and a goniometer for knee flexibility. The data were analyzed with ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test using SPSS/Win18.0. Results: There were significant differences in knee pain (p=.001) and flexibility (p<.001), subjective quality of sleep (p=.020) and depression (p=.003) between the groups. Conclusion: Heat therapy combined with aromatherapy may be an effective nursing intervention and self-care technique to ameliorate pain and depression and to improve flexibility and sleep in elderly suffering from osteoarthritis.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.55.2-55.2
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• 2009

A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell has been getting large interest as a typical issue in useful applications. The PEMFC is composed of a membrane, catalyst and the bipolar plate. SnOx:F films on SUS316 stainless steel were prepared as a function of substrate with using electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition (ECR-MOCVD) in order to achieve the corrosion-resistant and low contact resistance bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells. The SnOx:F films coated on SUS316 substrate at surface plasma treatment for excellent stability, before/after heat treatment for good crystalline structure and microwave power for were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), auger electron microscopy (AES) and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The SnOx:F film coated on SUS316 substrate with various process parameters were able to observe optimum interfacial contact resistance (ICR) and corrosion resistance. It can be concluded that fluorine-doping content plays an important function in electrical property and characteristic of corrosion-protective film.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2019

Anaerobic digestion is a popular sewage sludge (Ss) treatment method as it provides significant pollution control and energy recovery. However, the low C/N ratio and poor biodegradability of Ss necessitate pretreatment methods that improve solubilization under anaerobic conditions in addition to anaerobic co-digestion with other substrates to improve the process efficiency. In this study, three pretreatment methods, namely microwave irradiation, ultrasonication, and heat treatment, were investigated, and the corresponding improvement in methane production was assessed. Additionally, the simplex centroid design method was utilized to determine the optimum mixture ratio of food waste (Fw), livestock manure (Lm), and Ss for maximum methane yield. Microwave irradiation at 700 W for 6 min yielded the highest biodegradability (62.0%), solubilization efficiency (59.7%), and methane production (329 mL/g VS). The optimum mixture ratio following pretreatment was 61.3% pretreated Ss, 28.6% Fw, and 10.1% Lm. The optimum mixture ratio without pretreatment was 33.6% un-pretreated Ss, 46.0% Fw, and 20.4% Lm. These results indicate that the choice of pretreatment method plays an important role in efficient anaerobic digestion and can be applied in operational plants to enhance methane production. Co-digestion of Ss with Fw and Lm was also beneficial.