• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the genotoxicity of airborne particulate matter extracted with dichloromethane (APE), the rat microsome mediated (S-9) or DNA repair enzyme treated Comet assays were performed using the single cell gel electrophoresis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. It was found that the cells interacting with APE showed more DNA single-strand breaks relative to untreated cells. The genotoxicity of APE was increased with the treatment of S-9 mixture. Microsome mediated DNA damage was inhibited by CYP1Al inhibitor, quercetin. The APE also showed oxidative DNA damage evaluated by endonuclease III treatment. Oxidative DNA damage of APE was inhibited by antioxidants such as vita- min C and Trolox. We also found that the vegetables or fruits extract may reduce APE-induced genotoxicity by their anti- oxidant activity and CYP1A1 inhibition.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.373-378
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• 1990

Free malonaldehyde was determined in nine kinds of ginseng polyacetylene-treated micro- some by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activities of some phenolic compounds and ginseng saponin were also drtermined both by a new HVLC method and by THA method. A new HPLC system separaterl malonaldehyde at a retention time 5,6 min and showed a linear relationship between the peak are a and malonaldehyde concentration. Panaxnol showed the strongest activity among nine polyacetylenes and the addition of either chlorine or aletyl group reduced polyacetylene's own activity. Since C14-polyacetylenes such as panaxyne and panaxyne-epoxide had little or no antioxidant activities, S17-structure should be preserved to exert a radical-scvenging or trapping activity. The antioxidant activities of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and catechol were much weaker than those of C17-polyacetylenes. Ginseng saponin showed no antioxidant activity. Since TBA reactive substances and malonaldehyde contents were almost the same in peroxiedized microsome. TBA value seems a good indicator for lipid peroxidation in this particular Fe+3 ADP/NADPH system.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 1987

In spite of high incidences in gastrointestinal cancers in Korea, there have been few studies so far, which tried to detect or isolate the mutagenic, namely the carcinogenic substances in the Korean taste traditional foods. Among the many plausible dietary sources of carcinogens, the pyrolytic products of proteins or amino acids would be the major ones. And it is more noteworthy that the food pattern analysis showed the increasing consumption of protein foods by Korean as pyrolytic products, such as Bulgogi and Kalbi, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.908-913
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate phospholipase $A_{2}$ activity and lipid peroxidation I streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting-Dawley male rats weighting 300$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to normal and STZ-induced diabetic group. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of STZ in sodium citrate buffer(pH 4.3). Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Body weight gains were lower in DM group. Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in liver was not significantly different between two groups, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis in liver was increased by 69% in DM group comparing with that of normal group. Liver microsomal phospholipase $A_{2}$ activity and level of TBARS was increased by 91%, 109% in DM group compared with that of normal group, respectively. The present results indicate that phospholipase $A_{2}$ activity is specific to PE hydrolysis, leading to lipid peroxidation process in STZ induced diabetic rats.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.201.1-201.1
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• 2003

Study of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors from medicinal plants, we found strong inhibitory activity of ACAT enzyme from rat liver microsome by the CHC1$_3$ extract of Piper longum. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of Guineensine (1), its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic (IR, UV, MS and NMR) means. It inhibited ACAT activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC$\sub$50/ values of 1.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml on in vitro assay using rat liver microsome.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.82.1-82.6
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• 2022

Domestic poultry are among the non-target species of exposure to fipronil, but limited information is available on the metabolic effects of fipronil exposure in avian. We investigated the comparative capacity of in vitro biotransformation of fipronil among chicken, duck, quail, goose, and rat. Interspecies differences in kinetic parameters were observed; the clearance rate calculations (Vmax/Km) indicated that chicken and duck are more efficient in the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of fipronil to sulfone than quail, goose and rat. The lower hepatic clearance of fipronil in quail, goose and rat, suggested that fipronil sulfone may serve as a biomarker to indicate fipronil exposure in these species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.127-133
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• 1994

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1992

The $^{14}C$-warfarin used as rodenticids was identified from various organs of sprague dawley with scintillation counter. And the cytochrome p-450 which was induced by coumarin derivatives was identified with electrophoresis. The distributions of $^{14}C$-warfarin after $14.8{\mu}Ci/kg$ oral application at each organ was as follows; urine-7.5%, blood-0.44%, feces-0.9%, liver-0.66%, lung-0.86%, kidney-0.8%, heart-0.43% and spreen-0.33% after 24hrs. The cytochrome p-450 was purified by Octyl Sepharose CL-4B hydrophobic chromatography and isozymes were 50.8 Kd in control group, 53.3 Kd and 55.2 Kd in coumarin pretreated group and 50.8 Kd, 54.6 Kd and 57.7 Kd in warfarin pretreated group.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.127-138
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• 2006

In urban areas, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are probably a major component of particulate matters, especially in Korea where drive many diesel vehicles. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of DEP using single ceil gel electrophoresis. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of DEP genotoxicity, the rat microsome mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with conventional comet assay were performed. Total diesel particles (DEPT) was collected without site fractionation from diesel engine bus and dichloromethane extract was obtained. The organic extract of DEPT revealed DNA damage itself in NIH/3T3 cells. The level of DNA breaks plus oxidative DNA lesions and microsome mediated DNA damage was assessed by modified single cell gel eletrophoresis. DEPT was able to induce oxidative DNA damage as well as microsome mediated DNA damage. Vitamin C as an model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclase III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor. reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. $DEP_T$ is the sources of oxidative stress, but antioxidants can significantly reduce oxidative DNA dmage. And $DEP_T$ may contain indirect mutagens which can be inhibited by CYP1A1 inhibitors. The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (BV) or the mixed fruits (BF) were evaluated for their in vitro antigenotoxic effects. BV and BF showed potent Inhibitory effects against DEPT induced DNA damage with oxidative DNA lesions and in the prescence of S-9 mixture. These results indicate that BV and BF could prevent cellular DNA damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing cytochrome P4501A1 in cell culture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.863-867
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• 2004

Antioxidative activities of pine (Pinus denstifora) needle extracts were tested in vitro experimental models. The concentration of total polyphenolic compound of water extracts from pine needle was 1.61 %. In DPPH ($\alpha$, $\alpha'$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) method, the electron donating activity of 0.1 % water extracts from pine needle was as high as BHT (0.05%, w/v). The antioxidative activity was measured by inhibition against lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome, and this activity was shown in the following: 67.7% at 0.1% concentration >63.1% at 0.05% concentration > 28.2% at 0.01% concentration. In antioxidative activity determined by thiocyanate method against lipid peroxidation using linoleic acid, the antioxidative activities at all concentration of 0.01 %, 0.05% and 0.1 % were much higher than control during 7 days. In TBA method, the antioxidative activity was increased with increasing concentration until 6 days. These results support that water extracts from pine needle contain antioxidative compounds.